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CIHM/ICMH 

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microfiches. 


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10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

V 

12X 

16X 

20X 

24X 

mi 

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to  the  generosity  off: 

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conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
ffilmage. 


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beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
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sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
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sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


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premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^»>  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  y  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


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different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  fiimd  A  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nftcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

CiJVOJV/Cirv       p.  104. 


IT'- 


THE    HISTORY 

or  THB 

GREAT  INDIAN  WAR  OF  1675  AND  1676, 

COMMONLY  CALLED  PHILIP'S  WAR. 
ALSO, 

THE  OLD  FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS,  FROM  1689  TO  1704. 
t^^c^-Pt^i^K  BY  THOMAS  CHURCH,  ESQ.    /-*-r~    f^f^ 

WITH  NUMEROUS  NOTES  AND  AN  APPENDIX, 

BY  SAMUEL  G.  DRAKE. 

V 
) 

REVISED  EDITION. 


The  unexampled  achievements  of  our  flUhen  should  not  be  forgottea. 

VVasuinoton. 


HARTFORD: 

SILAS    ANDRUS    A    SON. 

1854 


CSG 
1854 


O  r  r>  1  -t 


113 


it 


if 


THE  EDITOR'S  PREFACE. 


(church's  History  of  "  King  Philip's  War,"  &c. 
was  first  published  at  Boston,  in  1716,  in  quarto.  It 
was  reprinted  in  Newport,  in  1772,  in  octavo.  I  have 
never  met  with  a  copy  of  the  first  edition,  therefore 
I  copy  from  the  second.  This  is  now  very  scarce 
and  rarely  to  be  met  with.  It  is  however  preserved 
in  some  private  libraries  in  the  old  colony,  in  the  Athe- 
neum  at  Boston,  and  other  literary  institutions  there 
and  elsewhere.    . 

The  lamentable  manner  in  which  Hutchinson  in 
his  History  of  Massachusetts  passed  over  the  Indian 
wars,  causes  us  much  regret,  and  a  desire  to  catch 
at  every  thing  that  can  give  any  light  upon  them.  Hp 
is  particular  in  relating  the  witch  affairs  of  the  co- 
lony, but  when  we  have  followed  him  into  Philip's 
war,  being  led  at  first  with  interesting  particulars, 
he  stops  short  and  says,  "  It  is  not  my  design  to  enter 
into  every  minute  circumstance  of  the  war."  But 
does  not  tell  us  why.  This  is  the  more  to  be  la- 
mented, as  his  means  were  more  ample  for  such  his- 
tory than  can  now  be  had. 

In  1825  I  published  a  small  edition  of  this  history, 
containing  however  but  few  additions  to  the  old, 
which  bemg  immediately  taken  up,  occasioned  the 
early  appearance  of  this.  In  an  early  period  it  was 
designed  to  publish  the  work  as  it  now  appears.  Ac- 
cordingly maiiv  valuable  pai)ers  and  rare  works  had 
been  collected",  but  not  used  in  the  first  edition,  on 


IV 


THE  EDITOR'S  I'UEFACE. 


nc'couiit  of  tlie  iimgniUule  and  early  prDiniso  of  the 
work. 

'I'lio  |)ii|)ers  had  betMi  much  forwarded  previous  to 
the  (.'(lurtstreel  fire,  of  10  November,  1825,  in  the 
t  ■k;  {i(  which  a  trunk  was  stohui,  coiitainin<5  many 
ol' the  manuscript  notes,  relating  particularly  to  the 
biogra|)hy  of  the  principal  persons  that  figured  in 
the  Indian  wars.  These  in  many  instances  I  could 
not  restore,  which  is  very  much  r«!gretted ;  though 
not  more  than  my  want  of  information  on  subjects 
in  general.  But  a  consciou.sness  is  felt,  that  some- 
thing though  small,  is  redeemed  from  oblivion,  which 
will  be  thought  valuable  by  posterity. 

Of  such  gentlemen  as  have  had  the  opportunities 
of  many  years  to  examine  the  history  of  our  coimtry, 
together  with  every  advantage  from  access  to  all  pub- 
lick  and  private  documents,  I  have  every  indulgence 
to  ask. 

In  regard  to  the  accurate  performance  of  the  work, 
1  can  only  observe,  that  a  scrupulous  regard  to 
accuracy  has  been  paid ;  yet,  errours  may  have 
been  committed,  but  in  no  case  inadvertently.  And 
as  our  most  authentick  historians  have  failed  in  many 
of  these  points,  perfection  will  not  be  expected  in  me. 

The  same  indulgence  for  the  commission  of  literal 
errours,  as  for  others,  is  solicited,  though  the  excuse 
for  such  cannot  be  so  good  ;  but  ifevery  thing  be  found 
simple,  and  easy  to  be  understood,  my  chief  aim  is 
answered.  For  so  "  all  historical  memoirs  (says  Dr. 
Colman)  should  be  written."  In  a  number  of  |)arti- 
culars  I  have  deviated  from  common  usage  ;  but  in 
none  without  good  reasons,  and  to  me  satisfactory. 
As  one  instance  it  is  observed,  that  compound  names 
of  places,  in  general,  are  written  like  simple  names. 
l"'or  this  deviation  from  general  custom,  no  apology 
will  be  expected  of  me,  as  it  has  been  proved  to  be 
preferable  by  a  writer  of  grefit  eminence.* 

•  ,UvA  Harlow,   Esq.     See  his  Coluinbiad,  printed  1807, 
Phii'ddclphia,  4to. 


I 


TUF  KDITOR'S  I'UKFVCK. 


Ill  rorrc(:tin<j[  the  l(!.vt,  siiporlliifnis  words  arc*  soinc- 
titnt's  left  ciiil ;  Init  tins  [ — J  sign  is  snbstitntttd,  iuid 
the  word  or  words  omitted  uru'jivi'n  in  the  nisirgin 
inchided  hy  the  same  niarUs.  When  n  word  is  al- 
tered, it  is  also  included  in  brackets,  and  the  word 
given  in  tlu;  margin  as  it  stood  in  the  original,  and 
included  \n  the  same  way.  All  words,  presumed  to 
be  wanting,  are  inserted  between  brackets  without 
reference  to  the  margin,  and  are  by  the  present  editor. 
All.notes  included  by  the  parenthesis  were  by  the 
former  editor,    and  attached  to  the  old  etiition. 

I  should  take  it  as  a  great  kindness,  should  any 
person  communicate  to  me  any  information  where  it 
is  presumed  to  be  wanting  in  the  notes  to  this  work  ; 
or  point  out  any  errours  in  what  is  already  done,  that 
future  editions  may  be  more  perfect. 

It  being  the  particular  design  of  this  edition  to 
render  it  uniform  and  consistent  with  respect  to  ar- 
rangement and  "originality''  of  expression,  few  lib- 
erties have  been  taken  with  the  composition  ;  few  in- 
deed, unless  pointed  out  as  above  expressed.  In 
some  instances  however,  some  connective  particles 
have  been  dropped  and  the  signs  omitted.  15ut  in 
such  cases  what  is  omitted  was  superHuous  tautology. 
Therefore  the  reader  may  be  assuretl  that  the  text  is 
correctly  copied.  From  the  present  appearance  of 
the  work,  its  former  erroneous  composition  is  too 
easily  discovered  ;  yet  it  is  some  coii-ohition,  tiiat  in- 
numerable errours  have  been  dete  '  i',  and  general- 
ly, inasmuch  as  the  design  of  the  subji^  t  would  admit. 

It  was  thought  advisal)le  to  accompany  the  work 
with  an  Appendix,  wherein  something  new,  or  <jf  later 
date  might  be  given,  as  young  persons  gcinMiiliy 
prefer  new  things  to  old.  It  was  ratiier  dillicnlt  to 
make  the  selection  for  this  part,  not  for  want  ol"  ma- 
terials, but  because  they  were  so  numerous  ;  and  so 
many  seem  to  deserve  the  same  attention.  IJut  the 
articles  are  authentick,  and  as  interesting,  it  .'s  j»re- 
sumcd,  as  can  be  found. 


VI                             THE  EDITOR'S  PREFACE. 

As  tlicro  lire;  (liU'crtMit  (Millions  of  rniiiiy  of  tl 

le  au« 

tliors  citt'd  in  this  work,  lor  the  convonii-ncu  •)!'  re- 

ference,  u   table,  containing   the  cliief  of  tlieni,  is 

1 

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In  addition  to  the  al)ov(!  list,  many  works  have 
l)cen  consulted,  but  the;  assistance  from  them  has 
been  smaller.  Soinc!  of  the  utost  important  are  ITub- 
bard's  History  of  Newengland,  Stiles'  History  of  the 
Judges,  Whitney's  History  of  Worcester,  and  the 
Histories  of  several  of  the  southern  states.  The  free 
use  I  have  made;  of  (;very  author's  works  is  amply  ac- 
knewledg(;d  in  the  notes.  R(;fere:ice  is  made  to  some 
lat(  editions  of  works  in  preferenei;  to  the  first,  not 
only  as  they  are  more  uniform,  but  because  they  will 
now  be  oftener  met  with.     But  in  rnost  cases  such 


THE  EDITOR'S  PREFACE. 


Vii 


have  been  coinpurod  with  the  originals.  To  two 
works  in  purticiilar,  it  was  thouj^ht  most  advisable  ; 
naniely,  Pcnhiinow's  "Wars  of  M.  England,"  and 
Prince's  Annals.  The  first  of  these  is  now  reprinted 
in  the  I  Vol.  of  the  N.  II.  Hist.  Soc.  Col.,  which, 
though  not  so  perfect  as  it  might  have  been,  is,  on  the 
w  hole,  a  work  to  be  prized.  A  handsome  edition  in 
octavo  of  tiie  valuable  Annals  was  published  last 
year,  by  Messrs.  Cummings,  Ililliard,  and  Company, 
iloston.  Though  this  is  not  exactly  reprinted,  yet,  no- 
thing is  altered,  that  I  have  met  with,  but  for  the  bet- 
ter ;  and,  excepting  a  few  typographical  errours,  is 
sj)lendidly  executed. 

Having  already  drawn  out  my  preface  t6  too  great 
a  length,  the  whole  is  submitted  without  any  apolo- 
gy. And  the  publisher  takes  this  opportunity  of 
friving  his  grateful  respects  to  all  his  patrons,  and 
with  pleasure  subscribes  himself,  their  much  obliged 
and  sincere  friend. 

SAMUEL  G.  DRAKE. 

Boston,  2  January,  1827. 


ADVERTISEMENT  TO  EDITION  OF  1845. 

The  present  edition  of  this  work  has  been  revised  and 
corrected  in  several  places,  by  comparison  with  more  re- 
cent puhlicatioiis  of  hi<>li  authority  ;  some  obsolete  and 
objectionable  words  and  phrases  have  been  changed,  and 
typojjrapliicnl  and  votlicr  errors  of  the  earlier  editions  cor- 
rected. It  is  hoped  that  so  authentic  and  valuable  a 
contribution  to  the  Indian  History  of  our  country,  will 
find  1  j.liice  in  every  Library,  and  the  interesting  personal 
mriMtive  of  Col.  Chnrcli  will  doubtless  enffajje  the  attention 
ofUie  reader  in  the  careful  perusal  of  the  wiiolc  work. 


[The  following  is  an  exact  copy  of  the  title  page 
of  the  old  edition.] 


THE 

ENTERTAINING 

HISTORY 

or 

KING  PHILIP'S  WAR, 

WHICH    BEGAN    IN    THE    MONTH    OF    JUNE,    1675. 
AS    ALSO    OF 

EXPEDITIONS 

MORE  LATELY  MADE 
AGAINST    THE   COMMON    ENEMY,  AND    INDIAN    REBELS,  IN    THE 
EASTERN    PARTS   OF    NEW-ENOLAND: 

WITH   SOME    ACCOUNT    OF    THE    DIVINE    PROVIDENCE 
TOWARDS 

COL.  BENJAMIN  CHURCH: 

By  THOMAS  CHURCH,  Es(i.  his  son. 

~"  SECOND  EDITION. 


BOSTON  :  PRINTED,  1716. 

HEWPORT,    RHODE-ISLAND  '.    REPRINTED    AND    SOLD    BY 
SOLOMON    SODTHWICK,   IN    t^UEEN-STREET,  1772. 


TO  THE  READER. 


J.  UK  subject  of  this  following  nnrrntivc,  oflferlng  it- 
self to  your  friendly  perusiil,  relntes  to  the  forujernnd 
later  wars  of  Newenghmd,  which  I  myself  vviis  not  u 
little  concerned  in:  For  in  the  year  HiTT),  thatunhappy 
niul  bloody  Indian  war  l)roke  out  in  Plymouth  c(  lo- 
ny,  wiiere  I  was  then  building,  and  begiiming  a 
plantation,  at  a  place  called  by  the  Indians,  Sog- 
konate,  and  since,  by  the  Fitiglish,  Little  Coihpton. 
I  was  the  Hrst  Englishman  that  built  upon  l!i.  t  neck, 
whicli  was  full  ol"  Indians.  My  head  and  hands  were 
full  about  settling  a  new  plantation,  where  nothing 
was  brought  to;  no  preparation  of  dwelling  house,  or 
outhouses,  or  fencin;^  made;  horses  and  cat4le  were 
to  be  provided,  ground  to  be  cleared  and  broken  up; 
and  the  utmost  caution  to  be  used,  to  keep  ni) self 
free  from  offending  my  Indian  neighl)ours  all  round 
about  mo.  While  I  was  thus  busily  eniployed,  and 
all  my  time  and  strength  laid  out  in  this  laborious 
undertaking,  I  rcceiv<'fl  a  conunission  from  the  go- 
veriunent  to  engage  in  flirir  defence:  And  witii  my 
commission  I  received  another  heart,  inclining  mo 
to  put  forth  my  strength  in  military  service:  And 
through  the  grace  of  God  I  was  spirited  for  that 
work,  and  direction  in  it  was  renewed  to  me  day  l)y 
day.  And  although  many  of  the  actions  that  I  was 
concerned  in  were  very  ditficult  and  dangerous,  yet, 
myself,  and  those  who  wont  with  nie  voluntarily  in 
the  service,  had  our  lives,  for  the  most  piirt,  wonder- 
fully preserved  by  the  overruling  hand  of  the  Al- 
uiighty  from  first  to  last;  which  doth  aloud  bespeak 
our  praises:  And  to  declare  his  wonderful  works  is 
our  indispensable  duty. 


J 


X  TO  THE  READER. 

I  was  ever  very  sonsihie  of  my  own  littleiu'ss,  and 
unfitness  to  be  employed  in  sueli  great  services.  Bui 
calling  to  mind  that  God  is  strong,  [  endeavoured 
to  put  all  my  confidence  in  him,  and  by  his  Almighty 
power,  was  carried  tiirough  every  difficult  action; 
and  my  desire  is,  that  his  name  may  have  the  praise. 

It  was  ever  my  intent,  having  laid  myself  under  a 
solemn  promis(%  that  the  many  and  repeated  favours 
of  God  to  myself  and  those  with  me  in  the  service 
might  be  published  for  generations  to  come.  And 
now  my  great  age  requiring  my  dismission  from  ser- 
vice in  the  militia,  and  to  put  off  my  armour,  I  am 
willing  that  the  great  and  glorious  works  of  Almighty 
God,  to  us,  children  of  men,  should  appear  to  the 
world :  And  having  my  minutes  by  me,  my  son  has 
taken  the  care  and  pains  to  collect  from  them  the  en- 
suing narrative  of  many  passages  relating  to  the 
former  and  latter  wars;  which  I  have  had  the  perusal 
of,  and  find  nothing  amiss,  as  to  the  truth  of  it,  and 
with  as  little  refiection  uj)on  any  particular  person, 
as  might  be,  either  alive  or  dead. 

And  seeing  every  particle  of  historical  truth  is 
precious,  I  hope  the  reader  will  pass  a  favourable 
censure  upon  an  old  soldier,  telling  of  the  many  ren- 
counters he  has  had,  and  yet  is  come  off  alive. 

It  is  a  pleasure  to  reinc>mbcr  what  a  great  number 
of  families,  in  ihis  and  the  neighbouring  provinces, 
in  Ncwengland,  did,  during  the  war,  enjoy  a  great 
measure  of  liberty  and  peace  by  the  hazardous  sta- 
tions and  march('S  of  those  engaged  in  military  exer- 
cis(^s;  who  were  a  wall  unto  them  on  this  side  and 
on  that  side. 

"I  desire  prayers,  that  I  may  be  enabled  well  to 
accomplish  my  spiritual  warfare,  and  that  I  may  be 
more  than  conqueror  through  Jesus  Christ's  loving 
uie. 

BENJAMIN  CHURCH. 


f 


,,f?v.  ■ 


THE   LIFE  OF  COL.   CHURCH.* 


G. 


OLOVKL  Pkn.tamin  Churcii  was  born  in  1639,  at 
Du.xbury,  nuar  Plymouth,  of  reputable  parents,  who 
lived  and  died  there.  His  father's  name  was  Joseph, 
I  who,  with  two  of  his  brethren,  came  early  into  New- 
england.  as  refugees  from  the  religious  oppression 
of  the  par(U)t  state.  Mr.  Joseph  Church,  among  other 
children,  had  three  sons,  Joseph,  Caleb,  and  Benja- 
min. Caleb  settled  at  Watertown.  the  other  two  at 
Seconet,  i>i-  i^iitle  Compton.  Benjamin,  the  hero 
of  this  history,  was  of  a  good  stature,  his  body  well 
proportioned,  and  built  for  hardiness  and  activity. 
Although  he  was  very  corpulent  and  heavy  in  the 
latter  part  of  his  life,  yet,  when  he  was  a  young  man 
he  was  not  so ;  being  then  active,  sprightly  and 
vigorous.  He  carried  dignity  in  his  countenance 
— thought  and  acted  with  a  rational  and  manly  judg- 
ment— which,  joined  with  a  naturally  generous,  obli- 
ging and  hospitable  disposition,  procured  him  huth 
authority  and  esteem.  He  married  Mrs.  Alice  South- 
worth,  by  whom  lie  had  a  daughter,  Mrs.  Rothbotham, 
and  five  sons,  viz.,  Thomas  Church,  the  author  or 
f)ul)Iisher  of  this  history,  and  father  of  the  iionourable 
Tiiomas Church,  Es<].,  now  living  in  Little  Compton; 
Constant  Church  a  Captain  under  his  father  in  the 
eastern  e.\i)edition,  and  in  the  militia;  and  of  a  rnili- 

*Tlin  lifn  of  Church  was  not  added  to  the  first  edition.- - 
But  to  the  socond  it  was,  and  was  the  last  artich;  in  the 
honk;  oxccptiii^  a  Latin  ode  of  one  pagr,  uliii-h  is  now  omit- 
ted. Tliis  lif(>  i-niitaininu;  some  prefatory  remarks,  it  was 
tlioui;;ht  proper  to  place  it  at  the  beginning;  of  tlie  work.  It 
was  ju  l<z;"d  hesl  to  omit  the  ahove  mentioned  Latin  ode  to 
give  place  to  more  interesliuf!;  artitdes,  ^Vhal  follows  was 
placed  at  the  head  of  the  pa}i;e.  Oilc  llvrnira  (a  ncpole 
llcrois  coinposita)  Bio'^raphia'  pracedcnli  dijji^cnda  sit. 


•n    < 


xn 


LIFE  OF  COL.  CIIUKCIL 


tary  and  oiitorprisiiig  spirit;  IkMijarnin  Cliur(;li,  who 
(liod  a  bachelor ;  Edward  Church,*  wh()s(;  only  son 
now  living,  is  Deacon  Benjuniin  Church  j-  of  Boston, 
who  furnishes  these  memoirs  of  the  family ;  luul 
Charles  Church,  who  had  a  numerous  issue. 

Colonel  Church  was  a  man  of  integrity,  justice,  and 
uprightness,  of  piety  and  serious  religion.  J  He  was 
a  member  of  the  church  >f  Bristol  at  its  foundation, 
in  the  Rev.  Mr.  Lee's^  d;iy.  He  was  constant  and  de-  ^ 
vout  in  family  worship,  wherein  he  read  and  often  ex- 
pounded the  scriptures  to  his  household.  He  was  ex- 
emplary in  observing  the  Sabbath,  and  in  attending 
the  worship  and  ordinances  of  God  in  tin;  sanctuary. 
He  lived   regularly,  and  left  an  exami)ie  worthy  of 

•  He  was  also  a  Captain  under  his  father  in  tlie  last  eastern 
expedition. 

t  Probably  llie  same  whose  name  is  found  associated  with 
the  venerable  .James  Otis,  Samuki,  Adams,  .Ioskph  War- 
ren, and  others,  as  a  "  Committee  of  corresjjondenf  e'  in  th" 
memorable  revolution,  and  to  which  he  prol)ably  belonfjod 
when  he  wrote  this  account  of  the  family.  See  ,"  merican 
Annals,  11,  300.  Also  the  standing;  which  he  appears  to  have 
maintained  among  the  fraternity  of  Masons,  speaks  his  emi- 
nence. 

|\Vhat  is  here  said  of  the  Colonel,  is  placed  after  his  son 
Edward,  by  a  writer  in  Farmer  and  Moore's  Collections  ; 
where  this  account  ajjpears  to  be  copied.  It  must  lie  an  er- 
rour  in  the  copyist,  and  one,  too,  which  it  retpiired  some  piiins 
to  commit  ;  not  but  that  the  son  (for  aught  I  know)  deserved 
as  high  encomiums,  but  we  have  no  right  to  bestow  such 
upon  the  son,  at  the  father's  expense.  But  thus  nmch  were  it 
intentional. 

§  Rev.  Samuel  Lee,  the  first  minister  of  Bristol,  R.  I.  He 
was  born  in  London,  1(325,  came  to  this  country  in  lOHti; 
but  in  two  or  three  years  came  to  tiie  conclusio'i  to  return  to 
liis  native  country.  Before  he  sailed,  he  told  hi-;  ^vife  that 
he  iiad  discovered  a  star,  which,  according  to  the  knvs  of  As- 
trology, j)resaged  captivity,  whicii  utiforlunately  canu^  to 
pass.  He  sailed  in  lt>91,  and  in  liis  |)assage  \vas  taken  l)y 
the  French,  and  carried  into  France,  where  he  died  the 
same  year.  See  Allen's  Biog.  381.  Dr.  C.  Mather  iepre« 
seiits  him  as  possessing  very  extraordinary  learning.  Sett 
Magnalia  Christi  Americana,  I.  548. 


I 


:.:«*> 


LIFE  OF  COL.  CHURCH. 


Xlll 


it 


■f 


tlie  imitation  of  his  posterity.  He  was  a  friend  to  the 
civil  and  religious  liberties  of  his  country,  and  great- 
ly rejoiced  in  the  revolution.*  He  was  Colonel  of 
the  militia  in  the  county  of  Bristol.  The  several 
offices  of  civil  and  military  <rust,  with  which  he  was 
entrusted  from  time  tv>  time,  through  a  long  life,  he 
discharged  with  fidelity  and  usefulness. 

The  war  of  l()7r),  was  the  most  important  Indian 
war,  thct  Newengland  ever  saw.  Philip  or  Meta- 
cometf  (a  son  of  good  old  MASS  A  SOIT,  J  and  hisse- 
c*>nd  successor)  had  wrought  up  the  Indians  of  all  the 
tribes  through  Newengland,  into  a  dangerous  com- 

*  By  WilUani  and  Mary. 

t  Thoiiith  the  chipls  of  savasje  nations  are  generally  called 
Kings,  \p\  says  Sniilli,  they  "  have  no  such  dignity  or  office 
among  ihe'n."  Hist.  N.  V.  197.  Philip,  at  different  periods 
of  his  life,  was  known  by  different  numes,  as  at  first,  he 
was  called  Metaconiet  or  Melacom.  See  Morton,  I7l, 
172.  This  celel)rated  chief  has  been  called  by  some,  though 
wrongly  I  contend,  King  of  the  Narragansets.  He  was 
King  or  chief  of  the  Waninanoags,  or  Pokanoiiets,  the  situa- 
tion of  whose  country  will  lie  described  in  my  tlrst  note  to 
''  Philii)'s  War."  It  is  true  that  these  Indians  as  well  as  the 
Narragansets  themselves  iniiabited  about  the  l)ay  of  liiat 
name,  but  they  had  their  King  as  well  as  the  Pokanoket?, 
and  were  independent  of  eacii  other. 

Different  o|»inions  seem  to  have  prevailed  with  regard  to 
this  chief's  pedigree;  that  is,  whether  he  were  a  son  oi* 
grandson  cf  Massassoit.  Prince  and  Trundiull  inform  us 
that  he  was  liis  grand'^on;  Hutchinson  and  Belknap,  that  he 
was  liis  son.  Why  these  res|)ectable  authors  saw  cause  to 
differ,  and  not  inform  us,  is  not  easy  to  tell.  These  are  not 
all  the  ai.thors  on  each  side,  but  most  readers  are  api^rised 
of  this,  no  doubt,  before  I  had  taken  this  trouble  to  inform 
them. 

I  Prince,  in  his  text,  writes  Masassoit ;  but  adds  this  note. 
"  I'be  printeii  accounts  generally  spell  him  Massasoit  ;  Gov- 
eriiour  Bradford  writes  him  Massasoyt,  and  Ma>-sasoyet  ,  but 
I  lind  the  ancient  people  from  their  fathers  in  Plymouth  col- 
ony, prono  nice  his  name  Ma-sas-so-it."  N.  E.  Chron.  187. 
However,  the  mo«t  preferable  way  seems  t.»  be  Massassoit. 
Somo  acco'inl  of  the  life  ol'  tl'.is  constant  friend  of  the  Pil- 
grims will  lie  found  in  the  course  of  this  history. 


xiv 


LIFE  OF  COL.  CHLRCH. 


bination  to  extirpate  the  English.  It  was  one  of 
the  last  works  of  the  commissioners  of  the  united 
colonies,  (a  council  [in]  which  subsisted  the  great 
security  of  Neweiigland,  from  1G43  to  1G78)  to  break 
up  this  confederacy.  An  army  of  one  thousand  Eng- 
lish was  on  foot  at  once,  under  the  command  of 
Governour  Winslow.  Whoever  desires  further  in- 
formation concerning  this  war,  may  consult  Mr.  Hub- 
bard's* history  of  it.  Tlie  part  Colonel  Church 
acted  in  it  is  exhibited  in  this  plain  narrative,  given 
by  his  son,  two  years  before  his  father's  death. 

Colonel  Church  perfectly  understood  the  manner 
of  the  Indians  in  fighting,  and  was  thoroughly  ac- 
quainted with  their  haunts,  swamps,  and  places  of 
refuge,  on  the  territory  between  Narraganset  and 
cape  Cod.  There  he  was  particularly  successful ; 
on  that  field  he  gathered  his  laurels.  The  surprisal 
and  seizure  of  Anna  won  was  an  act  of  true  boldness 
and  heroism.  Had  the  eastern  Indians  been  sur- 
rounded with  English  settlements,  tiiere  is  reason  to 
think  that  he  would  have  been  more  successful  among 
them.  But  on  a  long  and  extended  frontier,  open 
to  immense  deserts,  little  more  has  ever  been  done 
by  trooj)s  of  undoubted  courage,  than  to  arouse  and 
drive  oif  the  Indians  into  a  wide  howling  wilderness, 

•  Mr.  William  HubTjanl,  minister  of  Ipswich,  the  best  his- 
torian in  Newengland,  of  the  age,  unless  ue  except  Mr. 
Prince.  The  truth  of  which  his  works  aliuniianlly  prove. 
Altiiough  some  labour  has  been  done  to  detract  from  liim 
some  of  his  justly  acquired  fame,  yet,  it  does  and  ever  will 
remain  unimpaired.  This  would  be  true  hail  he  never  writ- 
ten any  thiu}^  imt  his  Naiujativk.  To  his  '•  History  of  New- 
en|rland,"  Mather  is  chielly  indebted  for  what  is  correct  in 
his  renownrd  book  of  jargons,  the  Magnalia  CLristi  Aii'eri- 
cana.  See  president  Allen's  Uiog.  Dictionary.  He  died 
Sept.  1704,  aged  83  years.  Gov.  Hutchinson  reniarkson  the 
character  uf  hiu),  that  "  he  was  a  man  of  learning,  of  a  candid 
and  benevolent  mind,  accompaTiied,  as  it  generally  is,  with 
a  good  degree  of  Catholicism;  which,  I  think,  was  not  ac- 
counted tlie  most  valuable  \)a.v{  of  his  character  in  the  age  in 
which  he  lived."     Hist.  Mass.  11,  136. 


LIFE  OF  COL.  CHURCH. 


xy 


IS- 

Ir. 
ve, 
iin 
,111 
lit- 
^w- 

in 
■ri- 
iod 
tho 
(liii 
•ilh 
nc' 

in 


where  it  was  as  much  in  vain  to  seek  them,  as  for 
Cifisar  to  seek  the  Gauls  in  the  Hyrcanian  forests. 

Tlie  present  edition*  of  this  history  is  given  without 
alteration  in  the  body  of  it;  being  thought  best  to 
let  it  go  down  to  posterity,  (like  the  Feriplus  of  Ilan- 
nof)  with  its  own  internal  marks  of  originality.  How- 
ever the  editor  in  the  margin  hath  given  the  English 
names  of  places  described  by  Indian  names  in  the 
narrative ;  and  also  some  few  notes  and  illustra- 
tions. 

After  Philip's  war  Colonel  Church  settled  ;  and 
at  first  at  Bristol,  then  at  Fallriver,  (Troy)  lastly  at 
Seconet.  At  each  of  which  places  he  acquired, 
and  left  a  large  estate.  Having  served  his  genera- 
tion faithfully,  by  the  will  of  God  he  fell  asleep,  and 
was  gathered  unto  his  fathers.  He  died  and  was  bu- 
ried at  Little  Complon. 

The  morning  before  his  death,  he  went  about  two 
miles  Oil  horse  back  to  visit  his  only  sister,  Mrs. 
Irish,  to  sympathise  with  her  on  the  death  of  her  only 
ciiild.  After  a  friendly  and  pious  visit,  in  a  mov- 
ing and  atfecting  manner,  he  took  his  leave  of  her, 
and  said,  it  was  a  last  farewell.  Telling  her,  [that] 
he  was  persuaded  he  should  never  see  her  more ; 
but  hoped  to  meet  her  in  heaven.  Returning  home- 
ward, he  had  not  rode  above  half  a  mile,  before  his 
horse  stum.bled,  and  threw  him  over  his  head.  And 
the  Colonel  being  exceeding  fat  and  heavy,  fell  with 

•  The  edition  from  which  this  is  taken. 

t  Hanno  was  "the  famous  Carthaginian,"  who  in  a  re- 
mote age  of  navigation,  made  a  voyage  into  the  Atlantick. 
ocean,  and  "sailed  seeking  for  tliirty  days  the  western  parts," 
taking  his  de|)arture  from  (he  pillars  of  Hercules  ^straits  of 
Gihraltar.)  Hence  some  infor  that  he  must  have  oiscovered 
some  parts  of  America,  hecause  Columbus  did  in  about  the 
same  length  of  time.  Hf  wrote  a  book  containing  an  ac- 
count of  his  discoveries,  which  he  entitled  Periplum  or  Peri- 
plus.  See  a  work  lettered  "  America  Known  to  the  An- 
cients," Dr.  Robertson's  Hist.  America,  1,  i.  Belknap's 
Biog.  1,  16. 


XVI 


LIFE  OF  COL.  CHURCH. 


such  force,  that  a  blood  vessel  was  broken,  and  the 
blood  gushed  out  of  his  mouth  like  a  torrent.  Ilia 
wife  was  soon  brought  to  him.  He  tried  but  was 
unable  to  speak  to  her,  and  died  in  about  twelve 
hours.  He  was  carried  to  the  grave  with  great  fune- 
ral pomp,  and  was  buried  under  arms,  and  with  mili- 
tary honours.  On  his  tomb  stone  is  this  inscrip- 
tion. 

HERE    LIETH    INTERRED    THE    BODY 
OF    THE    HONOURABLE 

COL.  BENJAMIN  CHURCH,  Es(i.j 

WHO    DEPAR'/eD     this    LIFE, 

JANUARY    17th,    1717 18, 

IN    the    78    YEAK   OF    HIS    AGE.* 

Newport  April  S,  1772. 

•  "  Hiyh  in  esteem  lunong  the  great  ho  stood  ; 
His  wisdom  ma<ie  him  loveiy,  great  mid  good. 
'I'ho'  he  ho  said  to  die,  he  wili  survive  ; 
Thro'  fiiliirc  time  his  memory  shall  live." 

Spc  a  poem  called  "  A  (lescrij)tion  of  Pennsylvania,  Anno 
17i29,"  l)y  Tlionias  Makin,  in  Frond's  Hist.'ll,  3G1.  The 
above  (hoiisrli  ajiiilied  tolhe  rountlerorthat  province,  as  good, 
at  least,  is  deserved  by  the  venerated  Church  ;  who,  through 
tlie  I'oul  intrigue,  and  low  caprice  oC  otHce  seekers,  and  tlie 
blind  zeal  of  ambitious  bigots,  sufl'tred  much,  both  as  to 
Came  and  fortune,  in  his  time.  Thetrulhof  this  remark  will 
fully  appear  in  the  ensuing  liistory 


TUB 

ENTERTAINING  HISTORY 
ot 

PHILIP'S  WAR, 

WHICH    BEGAN    IN     THE    YEAR     1675.      WITH    THE    PROCEED* 

iNos  or 

BENJAMIN  CHURCH,  Esq.* 


J  N  the  year  1674,  Mr.  Ronjamin  Church  of  Duxbury, 
hv\ug  providentially  at  Plymouthf  in  the  time  of  the 

*  As  the  aiitlior  does  not  bepin  with  the  causes  and  first 
events  of  this  war,  it  may  he  proper  to  introduce  the  most 
important  here.  His  intention  appears  to  have  been  to  pive 
an  account  of  this  war,  so  far,  only,  as  his  father  was  engag- 
ed in  it,  as  himself  observes  in  another  place. 

Alliiough  not  a  year  bad  passed  since  the  settlement  of 
Plymouth  witliout  some  difliculties  with  the  Indians,  I  will 
go  so  far  back,  oidy,  as  inmiediately  concerns  Philip's  War. 

Alter  the  close  of  the  Peqiiot  war,  in  IG.'^T,  it  was  conjec- 
tured by  the  English,  that  the  Narraga^sets  took  some  af- 
front on  account  of  the  division  of  the  captive  Pequots, 
among  themselves  and  the  Mohegans  •  and  that  the  English 
showotl  partiality.  These  tribes  hrid  ai^sisted  in  the  con- 
quest of  the  Pequots,  and  wc^  in  a  league  with  the  Eng- 
lish, aiui  each  other.  For  some  time  the  Narragansets  prac- 
tiird  secret  abuses  upon  the  Mohegans  ;  but  at  length  they 
w(M('  so  open  in  their  insults,  that  complaints  were  made  to 
the  Knglish,  whose  interest  it  wasto  preserve  peace  between 
them.  In  it)4'2,  it  was  thought  that  they  were  plotting  to 
cut  off  the  English.      They  so  pressed  upon  the  Mohegans, 

in 


1  Some  authors,  both  ancient  and  modern  wrote  this  word 
Piimouth,  but  custom  has  adopted  the  manner  as  used  in  the 
text. 


inglioii«r,  wiioro  the  dcloi^ates  worf ,  unlil  it  was  aijjroed  liKit 
liis  mm  should  ho.  on  oiio  side  of  llie  liimso,  and  th(!  Kiigli^U 
on  llie  other.  On  heint;  (piestioned,  lie  denied  havin'^  ;i;;y 
ill  (lesif^ns  ujion  the  Kn^lish,  and  said  tiiat  he  <'anie  with  liis 
men  armed  to  jirevent  any  attaeUs  IVom  the  Narraj^ansels  ; 
but  this  ialsehood  Avas  at  onee  detecteii,  and  it  was  evident 
that  they  were  united  in  their  o|)erations.  It  was  also  pro'.- 
ed  hel'orc  him,  that  he  had  meditated  an  attack  on  'rain, ten, 
which  he  cont'essed.  These  steps  so  co!d()uiided  him  that  he 
consented  to  deliver  all  his  arms  into  the  hands  ol"  the  \')ui:- 
lish  as  an  indemnity  lor  pa-t  (ian\a<jes.  All  ofthe  guns  wiiiih 
lie  brought  with  him,  aliout  70,  were  deli\cred,  r.nd  the  rest 
were  to  he  sent  in,  but  never  >vere.  ^Vhat  would  have  been 
the  late  ol"  Nc\venp;land  had  I'hiliji's  wairioursijosscssed  tll■^^e 
arms  in  the  war  that  ensued?  This  pi-eventcd  immediate 
war,  and  it  rcumred  rc  veral  years  to  repaii  thi.-ir  loss.     Plulip 


PHir-ll"S  WAR, 


10 


tunity  invitr;!  him  to  lidc  witli  liiin  and  view  fluit  jxtrl 
ol"  I'lyiiintilli  colony  th:it  Iny  iioxl  to  Rhodcisliiiul, 
known  llicii  l»y  flicir  Tn.liiiii  iiiiincs  of  Pocassct  iiiid 
Sook,,i,;,t,..*  Arnoiii;  other  uryuniciits  to  |){;rsuii(le 
him,  ho  tohl  him  the  soil  wns  very  rich,  nnd  the  situa- 
tion |)l(iis;mt  :  IVTsimdcs  him  hy  all  moans  to  jmr- 
chasc  oi'tiic;  company  some  of  the  court  grant  rights. 
He  accepted  his  invitation,  views  the  country  and  was 
picsised  with  it,  makes  a  purchase,  settlecj  a  fiirm. 
found  the  gentlemen  of  the  islandf  very  civil  and 
oMiging.  And  heing  himself  a  person  of  uncommon 
ar.'tivity  and  industry,  he  soon  erected  two  huildings 
upon  his  farm,  and  gained  a  good  acciuaintance  with 
the  natives  ;  got  mu(di  into  their  favour,  and  was 
in  a  little  time  in  great  esteem  among  them. J    * 

Tlu!  next  spring  advancing,  while  Mr.  Church  was 
diligently  settling  his  new  farm,  stocking,  leasing  and 
disposing  of  his  alfairs,  and  had  a  fine  prospect  of 
doing  no  small  things;  and  ho|)ing  that  his  good  suc- 
cess would  be  inviting  unto  other  gooil  men  to  be- 
come his  neigiibours:  Belicdd!  the  rumour  of  a  war 
betw(?en  the  English  and  the  natives,  gave  check  to 

wa-i  iiKhi^trious  to  do  this,  and,  at  the  same  time,  used  his 
endeavours  to  cause  oilier  tril)es  to  engage  in  his  cause.  He 
wa-i  not  ready  when  tlie  war  tlid  hejrjn,  to  \\  hich,  in  some 
measure,  we  may  attribute  his  iaihire.  Three  of  his  men 
were  tried  and  lianajed  for  t  lie  aliej^ed  murder  of  .John  Sas- 
samon,  nlioiu  Pldlij)  iiad  condemned  as  a  traitor.  It  so  exas- 
perated Pliiliiiand  ids  men  tliat  their  friends  siiouhl  he  pun- 
ished Uy  Ihe  En^li'^li,  tiiat  they  could  no  longer  restrain  *heir 
violence.  Thus  are  some  of  the  most  prominent  events 
sketched  which  led  lo  this  bloody  war.  The  history  olMolin 
Sa-samnn  or  Sausaman,  will  lie  (bund  in  a  succcediii}^  note. 

*  Poca -set,  now  Tiverton,  was  the  name  of  the  main  land 
against  the  north  part  of  Hhodeisland,  Soe;konate,  after- 
wards Seconct,  now  Fjitlle  Com|)ton,  extends  from  Fogla.id 
ferry  to  the  sea  ;  in  len^jth  between  7  and  8  miles. 

t  Rhodeisland,  whidi  wa'-  now  riuite  well  inhabited.  It 
^vas  seUlcd  in  l(j38.  Its  Indian  name  was  Aquevneck,  and 
afterwards  called  the  Isle  of  Jlo<les  by  the  English. 

I  Mr.  Church  moveil  here  in  the  autumn  of  1C74. 


m 


20 


PHILIP'S    WAIl. 


d 


his  projects.  P(>()ph'  l)(!j;iin  to  bo  vory  joalous  of  the 
Indians,  und  inchu'd  thiiy  had  no  small  r^'ason  to  sus- 
po(;t  that  they  had  form(Ml  a  dcsit^n  of  war  upon  the 
Kni^lish,*  Mr.  (Mnirch  had  it  daily  sii;;;i»'stt;(l  to  him 
that  the;  Indians  wcrn  plottin<i;  a  Moody  dcsi<^n.  That 
Philipthc  ^rcat  Mounthopc  SacluMn,  wash'adcrllu.'n!- 
in.and  so  it  |)rovi;d.  II(!  was  smdin;:;  his  m(".-s('n<;('rs 
toall  th(^  ni'i^hhourinj:;  Sachems,  to  (!ii<^aj;(;  them  into 
a  confodcracy  with  him  in  tlu;  war.f  Anion*;  tin;  rest 

•It  may  1)C  ilivortinRto  Moine,  to  introduce  here  what 
Cotton  Math'>r  falls  an  omen  of  liir  war  (liat  followiMl. 
"  'riling","  ^-ays  in-,  "  hi-j^an  iiy  this  timo  to  have  an  ouiinous 
aspect.  Yru,  anil  now  wo  spoalc  of  lliinfrs  ow/'noMs,  wf  may 
add,  sonio  tiiiif  holore  this,  [hrforo  tho-c  vvrrc  oxccntnd  for 
the  muidcr  of  Sas>^amon]  in  a  dear,  still,  sun>-hiny  morninj?, 
there  wore  divors  persons  in  Maiden  who  heard  in  the  air, 
on  the  southeast  of  them,  a  jfcfrtf  iftm  >!;o  ofl',  and  presently 
thereupon  the  rejmrt  of  »mnll  f^uni  like  mu>-kpt  shot,  very 
thick  dischar^inj;,  a>i  if  there  hail  Ire-n  a  hatle.  This  was 
at  a  time  when  t line  was  nothing  visilde  dime  in  any  part 
of  the  colony  to  occasion  such  noi-<es  ;  hut  that  which  mo4 
of  all  astonisried  them  was  the  llyiii!;  of  bullets,  which  came 
singing  over  their  heads,  and  seemed  very  near  to  them,  af- 
ter which  the  sound  of  <i;-wm.»  jiassing  along  weMward  was 
very  audihle  ;  and  on  the  same  day,  in  I'lyn«oulh  colony  in 
several  places,  invisihle  troops  of  horM'  were  li'ard  riding  to 
anil  fro,"  Stc.  Magnalia,  II,  48().  This  is  (luii.'  as  credible 
as  many  witch  accounts  in  thai  marvellous  work. 

t  The  following  is  a  statement  of  the  prohahle  numbers  o' 
the  Indians  in  Newengland  at  the  time  of  Philip's  war,  also 
of  the  F.nglish. 

Dr.  Trumhull  in  his  Hist.  TT.  States,  I,  .S6,  supposes  there 
were  in  Newengland  at  the  time  of  settlement  about  .']G,()00 
Indian  inhabitants;  one  third  of  which  wore  warrioiirs. 
Their  numbers  gradually  diminished  as  the  whites  increased, 
so  that  we  may  conclude  that  there  wre  not  less  than  10,000 
warriours  at  the  commencement  of  Philip's  war.  Hutchinson, 
I,  406,  says  that  the  Narragan«ets  alone  were  considered  to 
amount  to -iOOO  lighting  men,  in  lt)7.'>.  Hubbard,  Nar.  ti7, 
says  they  promised  to  rise  with  4000  in  tlio  war.  Governour 
Hinkley  slates  the  number  of  Indians  in  Plymouth  coiinly,  in 
10(15,  at  4000  or  upwards.  Hist.  U.  States  I,  30.  Ih'«ide 
these  there  were  in  ditl'erent  towns  about  'iOOO  praying  In- 
dians, as  those  were  called  who  adhered  to  the  English  leli- 
gion;  they  took  no  part  in  the  war.  In 


PHILIP'S   WAR. 


21 


ho  sent  six  men  to  Awasiioiiks,  s(|Uii\v  sarlioni  of  tlin 
So;j;koimte  Indiiin.H,  to  cii^iii^o  lier  in  liis  interest  ;* 
Awasiionks  s<»  far  listened  unto  them,  as  to  rail  her 
snhje<tH  together,  to  make  a  j^reut  dance,  which  is 
the  custom  of  that  nationf  when  they  advise  about 
momentous  affairs.  But  what  does  Awashonks  do, 
but  s(  nds  away  two  of  her  men  that  well  understood 
the  Kn<i;lish  lan<^na;j;e,  (SassamonJ  and  Geori^e^^  by 

In  1679,  tlie  inliahitaiilsor  Nf^wPiifiliind  ainountedto  about 
120,000  "-mils,  of  wlioiii,  iifiliaps,  1(),000  were  able  to  btar 
aims.     Hobiirs'  Aiiinicaii  Annals,  I,  410. 

•  Dr.  Hf'lknap,  in  bis  Hi-t.  N.  Hampsbiro,  I,  109,  says,  on 
tbo  aiitiiority  of  Callondor,  tliat  <' Tbc  iiibabitants  of  Bristol 
sIk'W  a  particnbir  spot  wlicip  Pliilij)  roceivrd  tbo  nfws  of  tbe 
first  P.nglisbinon  tbat  werr  Ivillfd,  witb  so  iniuh  sorrow  as  to 
c-aiisr  biiii  to  weep."  Tbis  be  ()l)servf'S  was  very  difloront 
from  tb«'  currciit  opinion.  No  doubt  tlip  con^trrnation  of  tbn 
|)roplp,  caiisrd  by  an  a|)proacbiiit;  war,  bail  great  ert'ect  in 
estal)lisbinR  p\ory  tbinn  unfavourable  of  Pbilip. 

t  It  is  tbe  cii'^toin  of  ino>t,  if  not  all,  tbe  N.  American  In- 
dians.    Sec  Capt.  Carver's  Travels  in  America,  269. 

J  .lobii  Sas^amon,  or  asotbers  spell  it,  Sausaman,  was  in- 
structed in  Enjrlivb  liy  llie  celebrated  Indian  apostle,  .lobn 
Filiot,  and  pretended  to  believe  in  tbe  cbristian  relij^ion. 
But  for  some  reason  be  nej^lecled  its  duties,  and  returned  to  a 
savaije  life.  Aiiout  tbis  time,  or  perbaps  before,  he  advised  tbe 
Kii^li'-bof  some  of  I'biliji's  plots,  wbicli  soenraj^ed  bim,  tbat 
be  sotiirbt  Sas>am()ii's  (Iratli,  wboin  he  considered  as  a  rebel 
and  traitor.  And  tbis  istlie  principle  on  which  the  Eno;lisb 
themselves  acted  ;  yet,  I  hey  would  not  suH'er  it  in  another 
people,  who,  indeed,  \vere  as  free  as  any  otiier.  Tbe  partic- 
ulars were  these:  Sa-^^-T.mon  was  met  on  "a  great  pond," 
which  I  suppose  to  he  As>awomset,  by  some  of  Philip's  men, 
who  killed  bim  and  |uit  bim  under  the  ice,  leavinj^  his  bat 
and  gun  on  the  ice,  where  they  were  found  soon  after  ;  and 
also  ihe  deail  body.  See  Hubbard's  Narrative,  70,  71.  Tliis 
must  have  been  late  in  the  spring  of  1675,  but  there  was  ice. 
Marks  uere  found  ujion  the  body  of  Sassainon,  that  indicated 
murder,  and  an  Indian  soon  appeared,  who  said  that  he  saw 
some  of  Philip's  Indians  in  the  very  execution  of  it.  Three 
were   immediately  apprehended,  and  tried  at  the  court  in 

Plymouth, 

§  An  Indian,  who  from  tbis  time,  was  very  friendly  to  Mr 
Church.     All  I  can  iind  concerning  him  is  in  this  history. 


24 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


■ii 


m 


which  among  that  nation  is  the  posture  and  fi^tire  of 
prepanuhiess  for  war.  SI'.e  told  Mr.  Clmrcli  these 
were  the  persons  that  Imd  brought  her  the  report  of 
the  EngHsh  preparations-  for  war,  and  then  told  them 
what  Mr.  Church  had  said  in  answer  to  it.  Upon 
this  began  a  warm  talk  among  the  Indians,  but  it  was 
soon  (juashed,  and  Awashoidvs  proceeded  to  tell  Mr. 

dpp<1,  we  had  rather  speak  in  praise.  All  historians,  with 
whom  I  am  conversant,  a<!;ree  that  he  \\a-i  a  tiisorderlv  per- 
son, of  bad  morals,  and  p;ave  jieople  mm-h  trouhle.  He  re- 
sided l'ir>t  in  Mr.  ^Ve•.ton's  Plantation  at  Wessagnsset.  now 
Weymouth;  but  that  breaking  up  the  next  year,  IG'J.-J,  he 
next  settled  with  Captain  Wallaston  at  or  near  the  same 
place  in  16-25,  and  the  place  being  near  the  hill  that  separates 
Weynio\ith  from  (Jiiincy,  was  called  Mount  Wallaston. 
Cap't.  Wallaston  with  most  of  his  company  abandoned  the 
plantation,  and  Morton  u«ur|)ed  the  government.  They 
soon  found  themselves  involved  in  dilliculties  with  the  In- 
dians and  with  one  another.  They  erected  a  INIaypole,  and 
practiced  their  excesses  al)out  it.  Selling  arms  to  the  ni'.- 
tives  being  a  breach  of  the  laws  among  others,  he  was  seizr-d 
bv  order  of  the  court,  and  soon  after,  UiJS,  sent  to  England. 
Ko  notice  of  the  complaints  against  him  i)eing  taken,  he  re- 
turned the  next  year.  He  was  afterwards  imprisoned  for 
his  ^vritings.  He  died  at  Agamenlicus  in  1644  or  5, 
according  to  Allen,  American  Biog.  441.  He  has  been  ac- 
cused of  giving  currency  to  the  >tory  of  "  hanging  the  wea- 
ver instead  of  the  cobi)ler."  The  author  of  Iludibras  get- 
ting hold  of  the  story,  lias,  in  that  work,  Part  II,  Canto  H, 
line  40.3,  &.c.,  set  it  otlto  the  no  small  expense  of  the/.eal  of 
the  Pilgrims.  See  Helknap,  Ain'-r.  Kiog.  H,  318,  Prince 
Chron.  -212,  and  Savagt>'s  edition  of  Winthrop.  I,  .S4,  8J,  36, 
where  the  parage  may  be  seen.  The  lattor  author  says  it 
was  not  fo,  (Ml  the  authority  of  Morion  him<elf  ;  i)ut  as  the 
atl'air  happened  at  \\'e>ton's  planiation,  where  Morton  was 
concerneil,  it  is  natural  that  he  >hould  say  the  right  one  was 
hanged.  In  a  note  to  line  41.'?,  in  the  jia^sage  above  referrecl 
to,  is  the  following  jtositive  as-ertion :  "  Tiio  history  of  the 
Coi)bler  had  been  atte-ted  |]y  person^  of  good  credit,  \vlio 
were  upon  the  place  wIkmi  it  was  done."  Karly  author.s 
hinted  at  the  atVair,  and  late  ones  have  enlarged  upon  it. 
The  truth  no  doiihl  is  as  follows;  The  people  of  that  |ilaiila- 
tion  were  in  a  state  of  starvation,  and  by  stealing  from  the 
Indians  had  incurred  their  vengeance,  which  to  satisfy,  tiiey 
hangeil  'jne  ;  who,  lludiliras  says,  was  a  bedrid  weaver, 
whereas  the  right  on<!  was  a  useful  cobbler,  whom  lliey  cuald 
not  so  well  s[iare. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


25 


Cliurch,  that  Philip's  moss;i<fe  to  her  was,  that  uidess 
she  would  forthwith  enter  into  a  coiifederaey  with 
him  in  a  war  against  the  English,  he  would  send  his 
men  over  privately,  tc  kill  tiie  English  cattle,  and 
burn  their  houses  on  thiit  side  of  the  river,  which 
would  provoke  the  English  to  fall  upon  her,  wiioin, 
they  would  without  doubt,  suppose  the  autiior  of  the 
mischief.  Mr.  Church  told  her  he  was  sorry  to  see 
so  threatening  an  aspect  of  affairs;  and  step|)ing  to 
the  Mountiiopes,  he  felt  of  their  bags,  and  Hnding 
them  filled  with  bullets,  asked  them  what  those 
bullets  were  for.  They  s,co(lingly  replied,  "  To  shoot 
pigeons  with."  Then  Mr.  Cliurch  turned  to  Awa- 
shonks,  and  told  her,  [that]  if  Philip  were  resolved 
to  make  war,  her  best  way  would  be  to  knock  those 
six  Mounthopes  on  the  head,  and  shelter  herself  under 
the  protection  of  the  English.  Upon  which  the  Mount- 
hopes  were  for  the  present  dumb.  Dut  those  two  of 
Awashonks'  met  who  had  been  at  Mounthope, 
expressed  themselves  in  a  furious  manner  against  his 
advice.  And  Jjittleeyes,*  one  of  the  dueen's  coun- 
sel joined  with  them,  and  urged  Mr.  Church  to  go 
aside  with  him  among  the  bushes,  that  he  might  iiave 
some  ]irivate  discourse  with  him,  which  other  Indians 
immediately  Ibrbiil;  being  sensible  of  his  ill  design. 
Rut  the  Indians  began  to  side,  and  grow  very  warm. 
Mr.  Church,  wit!i  undaunted  courage,  told  tlit!  Mount- 
hopes,  [that]  they  were  blpodv  wretches,  and  thirsted 
a'ter  the  blood  oftluMr  English  neighbours,  who  had 
never  injured  them,  but  had  always  abounded  in  their 
kindness  to  them.  That  for  his  own  part,  though 
Ji(^  desired  nothing  mori;  than  peace,  yet,  if  nothing 
but  war  woidd  satisfv  them,  he  believed  he  should 
prove  a  shar|)  thorn  in  their  sides  :  Bid  the  ct)mpany 
observi>  those  men  tiiat  were  of  such  bloody  disposi- 
tions, wlu^ther  providence  would  sulfer  them  to  live 

*  Hp  was  anor\v;»i'(l  takfii  in  the  war  that  followed,  hy 
(Jliui-cli,  anil  treated  very  kindly,  as  will  be  seen  in  the  pro- 
gress of  this  history. 

B 


•  Tlif  ITnnnurahlc  Jnsinli  \\"iiis!ow,  Pi<(|.,  ■\vIio  ■was  al'liM-- 
u"iii'<ls  cotiunatiilrr  in  clii'M"  ol"  llio  lorc-fs  in  lliis  war?  flowas 
a  son  nl"  llip  (listinfrni^-li'Ml  Mr.  F,(l\varil  \Viiislo\v,  who  was 
aKo  (JovcrnoMi' of  I'lyiiU'Uth  many  years.  }I(>  \vas  liorn  in 
Ki-iD,  am!  Avas  tlip  rir>t  (rovoriior  Ihhii  in  \l'^VlMl<;■!an^!.  wliicli 
ollico    lie    lillcd  7  yoars.     He  dir;!  18  l)<'c.    l(irf(),  aLijcd  5'J 

t  Tliis  •waiM\  as  callp'l  a  ^^ll''l!inll,  hccanse  tlio  Kiip;li-li 
fancied  lln'm  undfT  tliP  Kinp;  ol'  Kir.iland,  lint  that  did  not 
nia!;(>  them  so.       As   ^\•(dl    miuht   ('miti;iaiUs  iVom  the  United 


Si  ales  land  on   the   coa'-t  ol"    I'rance,  and  hecaiise  ihev    w.ie 
(li-pnted  hy  the  inlialiilaids,  ol'  their  rii;lit  so  to  <!(),  call  thein 


rebels  ;  yet,  Mhen    tl 


connlrv  was   neither  claimed  nor  iiu- 
I 


|iroved,  certainly,   to  take   pos-ession    and   iiii|iro\e  uas  not 


(^iir  author  is  hv 


wron;;. 

manv  I'^ilv    \vrilei 


no  means  so 


iavisli  ol"  ill  names  as 


I1< 


tieiids,  serpents,  cai 


tills 


llOfrs 

Mall 


ler, 


W(M'e  I  heir  conimoti  ,'i; 


■Hat 


loiis 


The  ill  liiiiie  ol 


in  this  ri 


lecl , 


niar\  elloiis  contents  ol  tiie 


w  I 
.M; 


le  celelirated    as  hinu:    a>the 


a  are  read 


I  'This  sentence  wa'>  included  in  hiaidvcts  in  the  copy  liiit 
as  i  have  appropriated  that  mark  to  mj'  own  use,  1  siihsli- 
tutc  the  parenlhe.-iii 


^ 


I 


;i 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


27 


took  his  leave  n-f  his  ivuiird,  [after  bidding]'  tiiem 
tell  their  mistress,  [tliat  ]  if  she  continued  steady  in 
her  dependence  on  the  Enirlish,  and  kept  within  h(!r 
own  limits  of  Sogkonate,  he  would  see  her  again 
quickly  ;  and  th(!n  hastened  away  to  Pocasset  ;*  where; 
he  met  with.  Peter  JVunnuit,  tlie  husl)and  of  the 
Uueenf  of  Pocasset,  who  was  just  then  come  over  in 
a  canoe  from  iMounthope.  Peter  told  him  that  there 
would  certainly  he  war,  for  Philip  had  held  a  dance 
of  several  weeks  continuance,  and  had  entertained 
the  young  men  from  all  parts  of  tiie  country.  And 
added,  tiiat  Philij)  expected  to  be  sent  for  to  Ply- 
mouth, to  be  examined  about  Sassamon'sJ  death,  who 
was  muidered  at  Assawomset  ponds, \^  knowing  him- 
«('lf  guilty  of  contriving  that  murder.  The  same 
Peter  told  him  that  he  saw  Mr.  James  Brown, ||  of 
1  [and  bidj 

*  (Tiverton  shore  over  against  the  north  end  of  Rhodeisl- 
and.) 

t  Wpftamore  or  Wetamoe,  "Philip's  near  kinswoman." 
Hilt).  2-21.  The  same  mentioned  in  another  |)lace,  as 
"  S(|ua\v  Saciiem  of  Pocasset."  Slie  ivas  drowned  in  cio'.';- 
iii^;  a  river  or  aim  oC the  sea  at  Swanzey,  (i  August,  KiTii, 
liv  attempting  to  escajie  from  a  party  of  Knglisli.  lb.  2:i-l. 
Her  iirad  was  cut  olV,  and  set  upon  a  jiole.      Il)id. 

i  The  same  of  whom  the  history  is  given  in  note  S  on 
page  21. 

§  (Middlel)orough.) 

IMiiee  large  ponds  alioiit  40  miles  from  .T5oston,  and  16 
ffdiii  Ni'\vl)edford.  In  jiassing  from  tlie  latter  i)la('e  to  tiie 
t'oiiiier  we  have  the  laigest  on  the  right,  which  now  hears  the 
name  of  Assawomset,  or  Assawamset,  ami  two  others  on  the 
leli.  They  are  all  very  near  together.  Tiie  road  jiasses  he- 
tween  two,  se)iarated  only  hy  a  narrow  neck  of  Hat  land, 
about  a  stone's  throw  over. 

II  "  One  of  the  magistrates  of  Plymouth  jurisdiction.  ' 
Hubbard,  12.  'J'his  gentleman  was  very  active  in  the  \\;\r. 
He  was  a  magistrate  between  the  years  U)70  and  l(i7.^. 
Mortcui,  20S.  A  minisler  ol  Swan/ey  is  meiilioned  by  .Ma- 
ther in  his  third  ilasis  of  Ps'ewenglaiid  uiinislers  by  this 
name. 


28 


PHILIP'S  WAR 


Swanzoy,*  and  Mr.   S.-imiicl   Gorton, f   who  was  an 
interpreter,  and  two  otiier  men, J  wlio  l)ro(iiL!;lit  a  letter 

•  A  (own  on  the  west  side  of  Taunlon  river  in  tlio  bottom 
of  ISIoiinlliopo  bay,  aliont  15  miles  from  Taunton,  anil  in  tlie 
vi"inity  ofMountlio-  p,  distance  by  the  road  s^bout  11  iTiilcs. 

t Accounts  of  tliis  ajpntloinan  may  be  seen  in  Morton's  Me- 
morial, 1 17,  &.c.,  wliicb,  prriiaps,  arc  not  inijiartial.  That 
author  partaUiiia;  of  the  persecutinii;  spirit  of  the  times, 
accuses  him  of  all  maimer  of  out  raises  against  religion  and  go- 
vernment. "  Not  only,"  he  observes,  "  abandoning  and  re- 
jecting all  civil  power  and  authority,  (except  moulded  accoril- 
ing  to /;/«  own  /r//ir(/)  i)wt  belching  out  errours,  Sic."  Seve- 
ral pages  in  that  \vorlv  are  filled  up  to  this  elVect.     Dr,  Eliot, 


N.  K.  B 


log. 


^avs, 


It  is  evident  that  he  was  not  so  bad 


a  man  as  his  enemies  represented."  The  reader  is  referred 
to  that  excellrnt  work,  for  an  interesting  account  of  him. 
Allen,  also,  Sl-l,  seeriis  inclined  to  do  him  justice,  and  is  nioi-e 

I  (articular.  It  a|>pears  evident  that  he  was  rather  wild  in 
lis  views  of  religion,  and  went  too  far.  perhaps,  in  nersiiad- 
ing  others  to  fall  in  Avith  him.  He  came  to  Boston  in  Ki.^G, 
from  I.oiidon,  and  was  soon  suspected  of  heresy,  on  which  he 
was  exauiiiied.  ]Jut  fiom  his  aptne>s  in  evading  questions 
nothing  was  found  against  him.  He  >veiit  to  IMymoiilh,  but 
tlid  not  stay  long  there,  h-.ving  got  into  dilliculty  with  their 
minister.  From  theiu'e  h''  went  to  Hliodeisland  of  his  own 
accord;  or  as  some  say,  was  lianished  there.  Here,  it  is  said, 
he  underwent  corporeal  punishment  for  his  contemjU  of  civil 
authority.  Leaving  this  place  he  went  to  Providence  iu 
Iti-tit,  where  he  was  very  l.iimanely  treate<l  by  Mr.  Roger 
Williams.  v\  ho  also  had  heeii  banisluHlon  the  score  of  tenets. 
He  began  a  settlement  at  Patuxet,  4  or  5  miles  south  of 
Providence  in  Itill,  but  \vas  soon  complaineil  of  to  the  gov- 
ernment of  IMa-sachuseKs,  for  encroaching  upon  tlw  lands 
of  others.  'I'iie  (lovf  rnour  ordered  him  to  answer  to  the 
same  which  he  refused,  treating  tlie  mesenger  with  con- 
lempt.  But  he  was  arrested,  carried  to  Boston  and  hail  his 
trial.     A  cruel  sentence  was  passed  u|)on    him,  being  confin- 


ed a  whole  winter  at   Charlestown  in  heavv  iro 


mil  then 


banished   out  of  the  colony.     In  Iti-l-l,  he  went  to    Kngland, 
and  in  lij-lS,  relumed  to  his  possessions  by  perm-ission  of  jiar- 


lament. 


J  Who  these  txro  men  were  I  have  not  been  able  to  ascer- 
tain. Mention  is  made  in  the  liistories  of  this  war  of  messen- 
gers being  sent,  but  in  none  more  than  two,  and  their  iiaiiieri 
are  not  mentioned.  T\vo  were  also  sent  from  Massachu- 
getts.  See  Huh.  Nar.  11,  73.  Hutch.  I,  iVil.  They  were 
Bent  l(j  June,  li)75. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


29 


from  the  Govornour  of  Plymouth  to  Philip.  He 
observed  to  liim  furth(>r,  thiit  the  younji  men  were 
very  eii<^er  to  begin  tiic  war,  and  would  fain  luivc 
killed  Mr.  Brown,  but  Philip  prevented  it;  telling 
them  that  his  fatiier  had  charged  him  to  show  kind- 
ness to  Mr.  Brown.  In  short,  Philip  was  forced  to 
promise  them,  that,  on  the  next  Lord's  day,  when  the 
English  were  gone  to  njeeting  they  should  rifle  their 
houses,  and  from  that  time  forward,  kill  their  cattle. 

Peter  desired  Mr.  Church  to  go  and  see  his  wife, 
who  was  but  [just]  up  the  hill  ;*  he  went  and  found 
but  few  of  her  people  with  her.  She  said  tJiey  were 
all  gone  against  her  will  to  the  dances,  and  she  nuich 
feared  [that]  there  would  be  a  war.  Mr.  Church 
advised  her  to  go  to  the  island  and  secure  herself, 
and  those  that  were  with  her,  and  send  to  the  Gover- 
nour  of  Plymouth,  who  she  knew  was  her  friend;  and 
so  left  her,  resolving  to  hasten  to  Plymoutli,  and 
wait  on  the  Governour.  And  he  was  so  cxi)editious 
that  he  was  with  the  Governour  early  next  morning,f 
though  he  waiti-d  on  some  of  the  magistrates  by  the 
way,  who  were  of  the  council  of  war,  and  also  met 
him  at  the  GovcTuour's.  He  gave  them  an  account 
of  his  observations  and  discoveries,  which  confirmed 
their  former  int(>Higenc(;s,  and  hastened  their  prepa- 
ration for  defence. 

Philip,  according  to  his  promise  to  his  people,  pcr- 
mitlcul  them  to  murch  out  of  the  ncv  kJ  on  the  next 
Lord's  (\i\vS  wIkmi  ihey    plundered  the  nearest  hou- 

iianiont.  Ho  was  a  ininislrr,  and  a  man  of  talonls  ami  abili- 
Iv.  Tlis  (Icfonco  a^ain'l  thf'  rliarjjos  in  Morton's  Memorial, 
«l\ows  li'in  to  lio  a  man  of  learninir,  and  is  wortltr  perusing. 
It  is  in  Untchin-^on,  Hist.  Mas.  I,  4G7  to  470.  Ho  livotl  to 
an  advanci^il  ;ip:'\  bnt  tin'  tinio  ol'lii'^  dt-atli  is  not  known. 

*  I  cniii'luiie  tiiis  lull  to  be  tliat  a  littlf!  north  of  Ilowland's 
frvrv. 

t  .111 no  16. 

■j  Tlic  nrck  on  \vl\ir1i  Rristo!  Bnd  Warron  now  arc,  mak- 
ing tin-  am  ifiit    I'.ikanokct. 

§.Jiinr20.  S(m;  Tiumliu!!,  Hist.  Con.  I,  3-27.  Ihid.  U 
States,  I,  \3'X 


30 


IM1II.11"S  U  All. 


scs  tliiit  the  iiili;il)it::iits  liail  (Icscrti'il,  hiit  as  yet  of- 
(  rvd  IH)  violt'iict!  to  tlic  pciiplc,  at  least  moik;  wciu 
killed.*  However  tlie  alaiiii  was  <fiveii  hy  tlieir  iniin- 
heis  ami  hostile  eciiiipayc,  and  by  tlu;  prey  they 
madi,'  ofwhiit  tlieyeoidd  find  in  the  forsaken  houses. 
All  express  Ciiiiie  the  saiiu;  day  to  the  (loveriiour.f 
who  iiiiiiiediat(dy  uave  orders  to  the  caiitaiiis  oi"  the 
towns,  to  march  the  jireatest  part  oi"  their  eoinpaiiies, 
and  to  rendezvous  at  Taunton  on  Monday  ni;.iht,J 
where  Major  iiradiord  \as  to  receive  them,  and  dis- 
pose them  under  Captain  (now  made  Major)  Cut- 
wortliN  of  Scituate.  'J'he  (iovernour  desired  Mr. 
("hiu'ch  to  jiiv(!  them  his  company,  and  to  use  his  in- 
terest in  their  behalf,  with  tlu'  j>'enllenn'n  of  IMiode- 
island.  He  complied  wiih  it,  and  thev  m;ir(died  the 
next  day.  Major  Bradford  di'sired  Mr.  Cinnch,  with 
a  conini  inded  |)artv,  consistini;'  oi'  l']n;:lish  ami  some 
friend  Indians,  to  march  in  the  Iront  at  sonii'  distance 
fr(»ni  the  main  bo  ly.  Their  orders  were  to  keep  so 
la r  before  as  not  to  be  in  sinht  ofthearmv.  And  so 
they  did,  for  by  the  way  they  killed  a  deer,  llayed, 
roasted,  and  eat  the  most  of  him  before  the  army 
came  up  with   them.      Hut  the  T'lyinouth  forces  soon 

*  IJiit  an  biiliaii  w.i-;  I'li-fil  up  iri  ;tnil  •'•(iinnlt'il,  wliifli  w;i^  a 
siiiii'l'Mil  uiiiImmu,'''  Cordvi'in  I'l  licijiii  llif  wwrk.  Si-o  llui>. 
N'lr.  7J,  an  I  Hiilcli.  I, -201.  It  amicars  llial  i'liiliii  waitcil 
lor  til'  F,n};ii>li  lo  lie'i;in,  ai-d  (o  lliat  oml,  ha!  Mill'cit'ij  jiis 
in'Mi  to  |>ro\()ko  tlinni  lo  it  ;  yot,  il  uii>  tlumi;h!  tli.il  l'liili|i 
lii".i  (o  restrain  IIumm  iVoia  li('<;-inniii^' so  soon,  as  i>i  (/jwcrv  cd 
in  note  1  to  pa;;i'  i7.  At  itii-  tiim-  a  >\iiini-ica!  oi.inion 
incvaiiiMJ,  thai  tli'' sid'- ^vliicii  lirst  ii('j;an  would  ruiallv  lie 
(•oni|ipriMl.     lliitcli.  lliid. 

t  111  '•onsrinK'iH'c  of  till-,  inli'lliLjence  Govrrnonr  Winslow 
|iror!aiin<d  a  la-l.     H.  Adam,-,  I  iCi. 

:t:.limf  il. 

§  .lai  ic-  ('udwortii,-pvoral  vrars  ;:  ina^>;i'-trat('  oi'  Pivinonta 
colony.  Odii'i'  hisWn'ians  stylr-  liini  '''a;. tain,  liiit  lio  mil  t  .ki' 
liolicc  ol'tlii- ad\anc(>nit'nt.  Sco  lliilihard,  \ar.  75,  70  84 
Also  in  tlir  contiimaiion  oi'  Moiton,  -HiH,  wIkm-c  il  ajij/iMrs  he 
was  ai\  a->i>taiil  in  the  i^ov  friiiin'iu  hctwrcn  I()7l>  and  1075. 


riiiLirs 

^v 

All. 

31 

iiniv; 

(1  !lt  S\v 

!in/( 

V,* 

.111(1  \V(;re 

cirK.>fl\ 

posted 

at 

Mn- 

jor 

|{ 

own'sf 

and 

Ml 

•.  Mile 

1 . . 

s 

•iiiril: 

oils,  an 

d 

U'eie 

III* 

re 

soon  joined 

Wll 

1    llll)S( 

:  tiiat  ciinie  iVoin 

M 

assii- 

lio  had 


d   int< 


it(;d( 


til 


( luisens,  WHO  nad  entered  into  a  contiMleracv  witli 
llirir  IMymouth  hretliren  aguinst  tl<c  i)erlidious  liea- 
lliens. 

The  enemy,  who  heiraii  their  hostilities  with  j)!un- 
derinii  and  destroyiii;;'  cattle. '\  did  not  loiii^  eoiiteiit 
tlicni^-elves  with  that  ;iaine  ;  they  thirstt'd  for  J'^iij^lisii 
hhiod,  and  they  soon  broached  it ;  killing  two  men 
in   the   way   not  far  from   Mr.   Miles'  garrison,   and 

*\VI>etl\<'r  tlir  I'lyinoiitli  I'ofcos  wrro  at  Swanzcv  wlu'n 
tlio  first  Kn'j;li>li  wrrr>  killed  d.ios  not  ii|)poar,  llioii^li  it  is 
prrstimed  that  tlicy  wrvc  not.  ^Vc  aro  ccilain  tlial  llicy  liad 
MiMu'icnt  tiiiw  to  arrive  llioro.  It  appears  I'roin  llie  text  that 
(liev  marclied  j'roiu  IMyiiu)\illi  on  Monda) ,  wliicli  was  the  -it 
.hine,  and  liie  lirsl  Kll^;li^^  were  killed  tlie  'J  I. 

'I'iie  aiiliior  seems  to  lie  a  little  hel'ori"  liis  story  coiu'erniii^ 
(lie  Massaelnisetts'  iu'mi,  lor  we  know  that  tliey  did  not  ar- 
ri\(^  till  tlie  i2S  .lime,  and  tlieir  arrival  is  relatetl  Im  Ibve  the 
fust  Mien  were  killed. 

Dr.  Morse,  in  hi-  '"te  hi-tory  ol'tiu'  devolution,  lias  run 
over  this  history  Avit limit  any  repjard  to  dates.  Nor  has  he 
tlii)ii^;lit  it  WditJi  his  while  to  tidl  lis  there  over  was  such  an 
author  as  C'hi'.reli,  hut  copies  Croiii  him  as  tlioii^;h  it  were  his 
o\\  n   ^vork.  wliiidi,  at    lii^  t    he  makes  a  mutilated   nia'«.i. 

t  See  note  j  on  pa<^e   'i7. 

X'Vho  Uev.  .John  Miles,  as  I  find  in  Allen,  Hiog.  419,  was 
iniiThter  ol'lhe  llrst  liaptist  ehiireh  in  Massachusetts;  lluil  in 
It)  I'.l  he  wasasettled  minister  near  Swansea  in  South  Wales. 
Ili'iice.  perhaps,  the  name  o!'  Swanzcy  in  Mass.  is  derived. 
Mr.  M  ill's  heiii'^  ejected  in  lt)l»\J.  came  to  this  count  ry,  and 
('Mined  a  church  at  Utdioiiolh.  lie  removed  to  Swaii/ey  a 
l'< w  yoars  after,  which  town  was  L;ianted  to  the  liajitists 
hy  the  i;i)vernnieut  of  I'lymoiuh.  I!iiichinsoi>,  1, 'iOD,  - jieaks 
(if  him  as  a  man  di^coverini;  christian  unity,  i^ic  lie  died 
111  lll.S.^. 

§  It  ajijiears  thai  an  Indian  was  wo.inded  while  in  the  act 
el'  kii'iin;;  cattle  ;  or  as  1  raiiition  informs  us,  the  Indian  who 
wa-  ^vol^luled,  after  killin!:;  »(ime  animals  in  a  eian's  li<dd, 
went  to  his  hoii-e  and  demanded  liipior,  and  heiii'j;  rei'ii.-iMl 
attempted  to  lalvc  it  hy  violence,  t hicaleiiin'^  at  1  lie -aim: 
lime  to  he  re\  eii..>;i-v|  f(n'  such  u^a^e,  this  caused  the  Kii^li:h- 
man  *.o  lire  on  liim. 


32 


PHILIP'S    WAR. 


soon  after  eight  more*  at  Matapoiset:f  U|)on  wliose 
bodies  they  exercised  more  tiiuii  brutish  barbarities; 
beheacbng,  dismembering  and  mangling  them,  and 
cxj)osiMg  tliem  in  the  most  inhuman  manner,  wiiicii 
gashed  and  ghostly  objects  struck  a  diunp  on  all  be- 
holders.J 

The  enemy  flushed  with  these  v^xploits,  grew  yet 
bolder,  and  skulking  every  wlu!re  in  the  bushes,  shot 
at  all  passengers,  and  killed  many  that  ventured 
abroad.  They  came  so  near  as  to  shoot  two  sen- 
tinels at  Mr.  Miles'  garrison,  under  the  very  noses 
of  our  forces.  These  provocations  drew  out  [ — J' 
some  of  Captain  Prentice's  trooj)s,^  who  desired 
they  might  have  liberty  to  go  out  and  seek  the  ene- 
my in  their  own  (juarters.  (luartermasters  (iill  a:i(i 
Belcher||  commanded  the  parties  drawn  out,  who 
earn(!stly  desired  Mr.  (church's  company.  'I'hey  pro- 
vided him  a  horse  and  furniture,  (his  own  being  out  of 
the  way.)  He  readily  complied  with  their  desires, 
and  was  soon  mounted.  This  party  wa  ;  no  sooner 
over  Miles'  bridge;, IF  but  were  (ired  upon  by  an  am- 
1  [the  resentment  of] 

•  It  was  the  sanir  day,  24  June,  on  Tlinistlay,  being  a  fa-^:!, 
appointed  1)V  the  Governoiir  of  Plvnioutli,  on  liearitig  what 
took  place  the  20.  See  II.  Adam's  Hist..N.  Eiii^hin  t,  120. 
At  Itthohotii  aman  was  fired  upon  the  same  day.  Hutehinson, 
l,2til. 

t  (In  Swanzey.) 

Several  jjlaces  hore  this  name.     The  word  is  now  general- 
ly prononncf^d  Matajiois.     It  ap])ears  loo,  that  the  pioininci 
alion  tendeil  thus,  at  first,  as  I  (Ind  it  spell  in  VVinslow's  Nar- 
rative, Malapuyst.     See  Helknaj),  Biog.  II,  2rr2. 

I  The  sight  innst  have  hef^n  droadl'iil,  hnt  yet,  it  did  not 
hinder  the  Knglish  IVoiii  thf'  like  foul  deeds.  Wertaiiiorc's 
hea  I  was  i-ul  oil  and  set  npon  a  pole.     See  note  2  on  pagi-  27. 

§  Capt.  Tiiomas  Prentice  of  tlie  Ho-^ton  troops.  Twelve 
wa- tlie  nund)er  that  went  over  at  this  lime.  Jluhhard,  75 
Hutchin'^on,  I,  2o2. 

II  Hiihhard,  75,  calls  him  Corporal  Relclier.  Jle  makes  no 
niention  ol'any  peri-on  hy  the  name  of  (! ill. 

^  There  is  a  bridge  over  Palmer's  river,  which  bears  liiis 
name.     It  is  about  4  miles  north  of  Wari'cn. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


33 


biiscado  of  nhoiit  ii  dozen  Indians,  us  they  were  nf- 
tcrwiird  discovered  to  be.  When  ihey  drewoH',  the 
pilot*  was  mortally  wounded,  Mr.  Belcher  received 
a  shot  in  his  knee,  and  his  horse  was  killed  under 
him.  Mr.  (lill  was  struck  with  a  musket  hall  on  the 
side  of  his  body  ;  but  being  clad  with  a  butF  coat,f 
and  some;  thickness  of  paper  under  it,  it  never  broke 
his  skin.l  The  troopers  were  surprised  to  see  both 
their  commanders  wounded  and  wheeled  oti";  but 
Mr.  Church  persuaded,  at  length  stormed  and  stamp- 
ed, and  told  them  it  was  a  shame  to  run,  and  leave 
a  wounded  man  there  to  become  a  prey  to  the 
\  ibarous  enemy;  for  the  pilot  yet  sat  on  his  horse, 
tliough  amazed  with  the  shot  as  not  to  have  sense  lo 
guide  him.  Mr.  Gill  seconded  him,  and  otlered. 
Though  much  disabled,  to  assist  in  bringing  him  oti'. 
Mr.  Church  asked  a  stranger,  who  gave  him  his  com- 
pany in  that  action,  if  he  would  go  with  him  and 
I'cteh  olf  the  wounded  man.  Hr.  readily  consented, 
and  ihey  with  Mr.  Ciill  went;  but  the  woimded  man 
fainted,  and  fell  off  his  horse  before  they  came  to  him. 
But  Mr.  Church  and  the  stranger  dismounted,  took 
u\)  tile  man,  dead,  and  laid  him  before  Mr.  Gill  on  his 
hors(!.  Mr.  Church  told  the  other  two,  [that]  if  they 
would  take  care  of  the  dead  man,  he  would  go  and 
fi'tcii  his  horse  back,  which  was  going  olf  the  cause- 
way toward  the  enemy  ;  but  before  lie  got  over  the 
causeway  he  saw  the  eruMuy  run  to  the  right  into  the 
neck.  He  brought  back  the  horse,  and  called  ear- 
nestle  and  repeatedly  to  the  army  to  come  over  and 
fight  the  enemy  ;  and  while  he  stood  calling  and 
persuading,  the  skulking  enemy  relumed  to  their 
old  stand,  and  all  discharged  their  guns  at  him  at  one 
clap  ;  [and]  though  every  shot  missed  him,  yet,  one 

•  William  llaminond. 

t  A  ImtVcoat,  anil  kinH  of  cnira^sor  broaslplatc  of  iron  or 
storl  fc  rnifd  (lipir  armour;  swoids,  carabines,  and  pistols, 
tlioir  weapons, 

t  I'lne '•28.  This  action  took  place  the  same  dliy  that  tlie 
other  ti»oops  arrived  jj       3 


84 


I'HIUr'S  WAR. 


of  tlicnrinyon  tlic  other  side  (if  the  river,  roreived  one 
of  the  bulls  ill  liis  foot.  Mr.  Cliiireli  now  be<i;aii,  (no 
succour  coming  to  liiiii)  to  think  it  titiic  to  retreiit. 
Siiyiiiff,  "77*c  /.orr/  have  mercy  on  us,  if  sneli  ii 
Imiidful  of  Iiidiaiis  shall  thus  dare  siudi  an  army.'"* 

Upon  this  it  was  iininediately  resolved,  mid  orders 
were  given  to  inarch  down  into  the  neck,f  and  hav- 
ing passed  the  bridgi^  and  causeway,  the  direction 
V  as  to  extend  both  wings,  which  not  being  well  heed- 
ed by  those  that  remained  in  the  centre,  some  of 
them  mistook  their  friends  for  their  enemies, J  and 
made  a  firt;  upon  them  in  tlie  right  wing,  and  wound- 
ed that  noble  heroiek  youth,  Knsign  Savn';^o,  in  the 
thigh,§  but  it  happily  prov(!d  but  a  llesh  wound.  Tiiey 
marched  until  lli(!y  came  to  the  narrow  cf  ♦he  neck, 
at  a  place  called  Keekamuit,l|  wliere  they  took  dov.  n 

•  Thus  cmled  the  28  .Juno,  1C75,  accortliiiK  to  Hubhanl, 
75  ;  but  by  tlic  toxt,  thf  next  transaction  would  serni  untl'^r 
the  same  tlatr,  wliicli  I'roin  tlif  fact  that  most  oftlie  army  iii«l 
not  arrive  until  alter  noon,  and  tliat  the  action  iliil  not  take 
place  until  it  bad  arrivvMl,  it  is  plain  tiiat  it  was  not.  Hutch- 
inson, I,  26'^,  is  as  indistinct  w'th  rej^ard  to  the  dates  in 
question,  as  our  auliior,  but  Ho"i,;"s  considered  it  as  1  do. 
Annals,  1,421.  The  next  mornini',  fbilii)ard,  75,  says,  tliat 
the  Indians,  at  half  a  mile's  distance,  sliouteil  tWice  or 
thrice,  and  0  or  11)  simwin};;  themselves  at  the  bridge,  tiic 
army  immediately  went  in  pursuit  oftiiem. 

t  June  29. 

:j:  I  cannot  find  as  any  historian  takes  notice  of  this  bad 
managenu'nt  of  the  army.  Tiie  rea-^on  is  obvious  as  Hub- 
bard says  notbinp;  of  it,  whom  they  all  follow.  Hence  it  ap- 
pearsthat  Savaj;e  was  wounded  by  his  own  companiofis,  and 
not  by  10  or  12  of  the  enemy  discharging  upon  him  at  once 
Sec  next  note. 

§"  He  had  at  that  time  one  bullet  lodged  in  his  thie;h, 
another  shot  tiirongii  the  brim  of  his  hat,  l)y  ten  or  twe|\e 
of  the  enemy  discharging  upon  him  togetiier,  while  he  bolil- 
ly  held  u|)  his  colours  in  tiie  front  of  his  company." 
Hubbard,  Tti.  Our  author  or  Mr.  Hubbard  is  in  a  great 
mistake  about  the  manner  in  which  he  was  wounded,  but  tho 
former  ought  not  to  be  mistaken. 


II  (Up|)er  part  of  Hrislol.) 
Now  the  upper  part  of  \V 


'arren,  which  has  been  taken 


riiiiji-s  w  All. 


35 


tlir  hciids  ofoiolit  i;ii;,r|isliiii<ti  lliiit  were  killed  at  tl 


Head  HI 


Mnti 


10 


the  I 


>iiri>iirui 


ilHiiMt  tuck,  1111(1   set  upon  polos,  iil'lor 
IS  nrinncr  of  (hose  suva;;os.    Then!  Philip 


liad  staved  all  liis  drums  and 


to  tlie  cast  side  of  Alatapoisct   river.     Hence  it 
C'onelnded  l)v  those,  that  w 


eoii'.eyed  all  Ins  canoes 
was 


ere    ac<|iianited  \vi 


th    tl\( 


motions  of  those    peoph",   that  they  had  <|iiiited  tho 
neck.     Mr.  Clmrcli  told  thejn  that  I'hil 


i|)  was  (loiiht- 
o  t'n<^ai;e   those  In 


tro  any  pursued 
leniselves,  and  to 


less  (Tone  over  to  Poeasset    side  t 

•  lians  in  a  reb.'llion  with  him,  which  they  soon  found 

to  !)(■  tru('.      The  enemy  were  not  really  beaten  out 

of  Mounthopo  neck,  lhou<,'li  it  was  true  [that]  they 

fled    from    th(!nce ;    yet   it   was  bef 

them.     It  was  but  to  strengthen  tl 

gain  a  more   advantageous   post.      Ifowover,   sonic, 

and  not  a  few,  jjleased  themselves  with  the  fancy  of 

a  mighty  con(|uest. 

A  grand  council  was  held,  and  a  resolve  passed, 
to  build  a  fort  there,  to  maintain  tho  first  ground 
they  had  gained,  by  the  Indians  leaving  it  to  them. 
And  to  speak  the  truth,  it  must  be  said,  that  as  they 
gained  not  that  Held  by  their  sword,  nor  their  bow, 
so  it  was  rather  their  fear  than  their  courage  that 
obliged  them  to  s<n  up  the  marks  of  their  conquest.* 

I\Ir.  Church  looked  upon  it,  and  talked  of  it  with 
contempt,  and  urged  hard  the  pursuing  [of]  the  en- 
emy on  Poeasset  side;  and  with  the  gnjater  earnest- 
ness; Ixcaiiseof  the  promise  ma<le  to  Awashonks,  be- 
fore mentioned. 

'J'he  council  adj(»iirned  thomsclvos   from  Mount- 

from  Bristol.  It  is  callnl  on  tho  map  of  Rhodoisland,  Kicke- 
iniipt,  or  rathrr  (lie  l>ay  wliicli  niakfs  tliis  nock  on  one  sitic, 
is  so  called.     \\'arrfn  river  makes  the  other  side. 

•Major  SavriRf'  and  Major  Cudworth  commanded  the 
forces  in  (his  expediTJon,  at  whom,  of  course,  this  reflection 
is  directed.  But  chietly,  I  suppose,  at  Major  Cudworth: 
For  I  find,  Hul)l)ard,  7!>,  that  Captain  Cudworth,  as  he  de- 
nominates him,  "  If'fl  a  garrison  of  40  men  upon  Mount- 
hope  neck,"  which  is  all  that  he  says  about  this  fort. 


til 


m 


PHILIP'S  WAIl. 


39 


Governoiir's  liady  of  Rliodoisland)  gave  him  when  he 
came  otl'  tlic  ishiml,  wliich  lie  divided  among  the 
company,  which  was  all  the  provisions  they  had. 

Mr.  Church  after  their  slender  breakfast,  proposed 
to  Captain  Fuller,  that  he  would  march  in  (juest  of 
the  enemy,  with  such  of  the  company  as  would  be 
billing  to  march  with  him,  which  he  complied  with, 
though  with  a  great  deal  of  scruple;  because  of  his 
small  numbers,  and  the  extreme  hazard  he  foresaw 
must  attend  them.* 

J}ut  some  of  the  company  reflected  upon  Mr. 
Church,  that  notwithstanding  his  talk  on  the  other 
side  of  the  river,  he  had  not  shown  them  any  In- 
dians since  they  came  over ;  which  now  moved  him 
to  tell  them,  that,  if  it  were  their  desire  to  see  In- 
dians, he  believed  he  should  now  soon  show  them 
what  they  should  say  was  enough. 

The  number  allowed  himf  soon  drew  oflf  to  him, 
A'hich  C(.uld  not  be  many  ;  because  their  whole  com- 
pany consisted  of  no  more  than  thirty-six. 

They  moved  towards  Sogkonate,  until  they  came 
to  the  brookj  that  runs  into  Nunnaquahtjat^  neck 
where  they  discovered  a  fresh  and  plain  track,  which 

nis  usurpation,  and  lieclarcd  his  acts  to  be  utterly  void." 
Tims  tlie  spirit  of  feeling  between  the  two  colonies  at  tliis 
poriod  is  iliscovered. 

*  Captain  Fuller  had  not  proceeded  far,  before  he  fell  in 
witli  a  \i\v\fe  nund)er  of  the  enemy,  but  fortunately  he  was 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  water,  and  more  fortunately,  near  an 
old  house,  in  whicli  he  sheltered  himself  and  men  until  a 
vessel  discovereil  and  conveyed  them  oil",  with  no  other  loss, 
than  having  two  men  wounded.  He  had  17  men  in  hiscom- 
i>aiiy. 

t  Nineteen.  Hubbard,  S5,  says,  that  Mr.  Church  had 
not  aiiove  15  men. 

:{: 'riiis  brook  is  that  which  empties  into  the  bay  nearly  a 
mile  southward  from  Howiand's  ferry.  The  road  to  Little 
Complon,  here,  (bilows  the  shore  of  the  bay,  and  crosses  said 
brook  where  it  meets  the  bay. 

§  Now  called  (iuaucut,  a  small  strait  near  the  brook  just 
mentioned. 


m 


40 


PHILIP'S  WAJl. 


tliey  concluded  to  be  from  tlie  grout  piiic  swamp, 
about  a  mile  from  the  road  that  leads  to  So^^kopiite. 
^'Now,"  says  Mr.  Churcli,  to  liis  men,  "if  we  follow 
this  track  no  doubt  but  we  shall  soon  see  Indians 
enough."  They  expressed  their  willingness  to  fol- 
low the  track,  and  moved  [on]  in  it ;  but  [tlieyj  had 
'  not  gone  far,  before  one  of  them  narrowly  escaped 
being  bit  with  a  rattlesnake  ;  and  the  woods  that 
the  track  led  them  through  was  haunted  mucii  with 
those  snakes,  which  the  little  company  seemed  more 
to  be  afraid  of,  than  the  black  serptMits  they  were  in 
quest  of;  and  therefore  bent  their  course  anollni 
way  to  a  place  where  they  thougiu  it  })robable  to 
find  sonje  of  the  enemy.  Had  they  kept  the  track 
to  the  pine  swamp,  they  had  been  certain  of  meet- 
ing Indians  enough,  but  not  so  certain  that  any  df 
them  should  have  returned  to  give  [an]  account  how 
many. 

Now  they  passed  down  into  Punkatces*neck,  and 
in  their  march  discovered  a  large  wigwam  full  of 
Indian  truck,  which  the  soldiers  were  for  loading 
themselves  with,  until  INIr.  Church  forbid  it;  telling 
tliem  they  might  expect  soon  to  have  their  hands 
full  and  business  without  caring  for  j)lunder.  Then 
crossing  the  head  of  the  creek  into  the  neck,  they 
again  discovered  fresh  Indian  tracks ;  [which  had] 
very  lately  passed  before  them  into  the  neck.  Thcv 
then  got  privately  and  undiscovered  unto  the  fence 
of  Captain  Almy'sf  peas  field,  and  divided  into  two 
parties;    Mr.  Church  keeping  the  one  party  with 

*  A  point  orhinil  riinniiis;  south  nearly  (wo  milos  IxMwoon 
(lip  hay  and  liitllo  Conipton,  and  a  li(ll<'  more  than  a  mile 
^vido.  On  Lofkwood's  map  of  Hhodeisland  it  is  called  Pun- 
catest.  It  is  the  southern  extremity  of  Tiverton,  and  has 
been  known  by  the  name  of  Poca><set  neck. 

t  Captain  John  Almy,  who  li\wl  on  Uhodeisland  ;  the 
same,  I  presume,  mentioned  in  the  be<riiiiiin(r  of  this  liihtory. 
The  land  is  now  owned  i)y  people  of  the  same  name,  aiid 
Mr.  Sanl'ord  Almy,  an  aged  genllemaii,  lives  near  the  sjuit. 


L 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


41 


himself,  sent  the  other  with  Luke,*  who  was  ac- 
(|uainted  with  the  ground,  on  the  other  side.  Two 
Indians  were  soon  discovered  coining  out  of  the 
peas  field  towards  them,  when  Mr.  Church  and  those 
that  were  with  him,  concealed  themselves  from  tiiein 
by  falling  flat  on  the  ground,  but  the  other  division, 
not  using  the  same  caution,  was  seen  by  tlu;  enemy, 
which  occasioned  them  to  run,  whicli,  wlien  Mr. 
Church  perceived,  he  showed  himself  to  tiiem,  and 
called;  telling  them  he  desired  but  to  sj)eak  with 
them,  and  would  not  hurt  them.  But  they  ran  and 
Ciiurch  pursued.  The  Indians  climbed  over  a  fence, 
and  one  of  them  facing  about,  discliarged  his  piece, 
but  without  cfl'ect,  on  tlie  English.  One  of  the  Eng- 
lisii  soldiers  ran  up  to  the  fence  and  fired  upon  him 
that  had  discharged  his  piece,  and  they  concluded 
by  the  yelling  they  heard,  that  the  Indian  was  wound- 
ed. But  the  Indians  soon  got  into  the  thickets, 
whence  they  saw  them  no  more  for  the  present. 

Mr.  Church  then  marciiing  over  a  i)lane  piece  of 
ground  where  the  woods  were  very  thick  on  one 
side,ord(!red  his  little  company  to  march  at  a  double 
distance  to  make  as  big  a  show,  (if  they  should  be 
discovered,)  as  might  be.  But  before  they  saw  any 
body  t'ley  were  saluted  with  a  volley  of  fifty  or  six- 
ty gm;s.  Some  bullets  canie  very  surprisingly  near 
Mr.  Church,  wh  )  starting,  looked  behind  him  to  see 
vvhat  was  become  of  his  men,  expecting  to  have 
seen  half  of  them  dead;  but  se(Mng  them  all  uj)on 
their  legs,  and  briskly  firing  at  the  smokes  of  the 
enemies'  guns  ;  (for  tiiat  was  all  that  was  then  to 
be  seen.)!      He  blessed  God,  and  called  to  his  men 

*  As  tlif  name  of  LaUo  is  not  monlionod  any  where  else  in 
this  history,  I  cannot  tleterniinc  who  this  was. 

t  Tliis  was  inilood  very  rf  niarUahle,  as  it  aiipears  tnat 
notliinjj;  ])revcnt('(i  tlio  Indians  from  taking;  delihoi ate  aim. 
J"h(*  truth  of  the  text  must  not  h*'  (k)uhted,  hut  certainly 
,1ove  never  worked  a  {greater  mirach^  in  favour  of  the  '1  rojaiis 
at  the  siege  of  Troy,  tlian  llesjei  now  did  for  our  heroes. 


PI 


;?■;,=? 


42 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


not  to  discIiar<Te  all  their  guns  at  onco,  lest  the  ene- 
my should  take  the  advantage  of  such  an  opportuni- 
ty to  run  upon  them  with  their  hatehets. 

Tlieir  next  motion  was  imnnuliately  into  the  peas 
field.*  When  tiiey  came  to  tiie  fence,  Mr.  Church 
hid  us  many  as  h;id  not  discharged  their  guns  to 
cla|)  under  the  fence  and  lie  close,  while  the  others, 
at  some  distance  in  the  Held,  stood  to  charge  ;  hop- 
ing, that  if  the  enemy  slujuld  creep  to  the  fence, 
(to  gain  a  shot  at  timse  that  were  charging  tlu;ir 
guns.)  they  might  he  surprised  by  those  that  lie  un- 
der the  fence.  lUit  casting  his  eyes  to  the  side  of 
the  hill  above  them,  the  hill  seemed  to  move,  being 
covered  over  with  Indians,  with  their  bright  guns 
glittering  in  the  sun.  and  running  in  a  circumference 
with  a  design  to  surround  them. 

Seeing  such  multitudes  surrounding  him  and  his 
little  compiiny,  it  put  him  upon  thiidving  what  was 
become  ol'the  boats  that  were  ordered  to  attend  him, 
and  looking  up,  he  spied  them  ashore  at  Sandy- 
point, f  on  the  island  side  of  the  river,J  with  a  num- 
ber of  horse  and  foot  by  them,  and  wondered  what 
should  be  the  occiision  ;  until  he  was  afterwards  in- 
lormi'd  that  the  boats  had  been  over  that  morning 
from  \\\v.  island,  and  had  landed  a  party  of  men  at 
Fogland,  that  were  designed  in  Punkatees  neck  to 
fetch    olf  some    cattle    an<l    hors(!s,    but   were    am- 


•  (Tivorton  ^liorc  al)out  half  a  milf  above  Fop;lainl  IVrrv.) 
Tlie  situation  of  I'luikateps  is   2;ivi'ii  in  a   iirfcoiiiiij^   note. 
Ft  contains   nrarly  two   S(|narp   iMilos,andit    is   sullicicnt    to 
know  that  it  containeil  the  grtneui  on   which  this  battle  \vas 
foii^iit. 

t  Thoro  aro  (wo  Sandy  jioints  on  the  Rhodcisland  shoro, 
ono  ;i!i,)vi>  and  the  otluM-  lii'io>v  Fc;ij;lanil  ferry;  this  was  tiiat 
abo\  e.  Koj^land  ferry  connects  the  island  with  Punkatees 
and  is  near  the  middle  of  it. 

J  The  bay  is  meant.  It  beinp;  narrow,  or  from  three 
fourths  to  a  mile  wide,  is  sometimes  called  ;;  river,  and  in  the 
old  cliarters,   Narraganset  rivei-.     Sec  Douglass,  1,  398. 


L(jJ1| 


PHILIP'S   WAll. 


43 


buscaded,  and  many  of  tlieni  wounded  by  the  ene- 
my.* 

Now  our  gontleruan's  courage  and  conduct  were 
both  })ut  to  the  test.  lie  encouraged  his  men,  and 
orders  some  to  run  and  take  a  wall  for  slielter  be- 
fore the  enemy  gained  it.  It  was  time  for  them  new 
to  think  of  escaping  if  they  knew  which  way.  Mr. 
Church  or(h.'rs  his  men  to  strip  to  tlieir  white  shirts, 
that  the  ishui(k;rs  might  discover  them  to  be  Kng- 
hslimen,  and  tlien  or(h'rs  three  guns  to  be  tired  (bs- 
tmctly,  ho])ing  [that]  it  might  be  observed  by  their 
iViends  on  the  opposite  shore.  The  men  that  were 
ordered  to  take  the  wall  being  very  iiungry,  stop- 
ped a  while  among  the  peas  to  gather  a  few,  be- 
ing about  four  rods  from  the  wall.  The  enemy  from 
behind,  hailed  them  with  a  shower  of  bullets.  But 
soon  all  but  one  came  tumbling  over  an  old  hedge, 
down  the  bank,  where  Mr.  Church  and  the  rest  were, 
and  told  him,  that  his  brotiier,  IJ.  Southworth,f  who 
uas  the  man  that  was  missing,  was  killed;  that  they 
saw  him  tall.  And  so  they  did  indeed  see  hiui  fall, 
but  it  was  without  a  shot,  and  lav  no  loni:  r  than  till 
he  had  an  op])ortunity  to  chip  a  bullet  into  one  ol 
the  enemies'  foreheads,  and  then  came  runnini*;  to 
Ins  com|)any. 

The  meanness  of  the  English  powder  was  now 
their  greatest  uiisfortune.  When  tliey  were  imme- 
(liat(;ly  upon  this  beset  with  multitudes  of  Indians, 
who  |)osse-'sed  themselves  of  every  rock,  stump,  tree 
or  fence,  that  was  in  sight,  firing  upon  them  without 

*  It  is  lutMilionpil  in  a  later  part  of  (his  liistory,  tliat  Mr. 
Cliurc'li's  sorvan)  was  woihuIpiI  at  Pocassct,  wliilo  (here  al'lor 
i-atllo.  This  is  tlio  tiiiip  alliitled  to.  Hul)l)anl,  8G,  says  lliat 
"  live  mm  coiiiin;i;  tVoiii  Hhndoislaiul,  to  look  u[)  ihoir  cattle 
upon  Pocassot  nei-k,  wore  as'-aullod  by  the  same  Indians  ; 
oneol'tlic  live  was  Captain  Chuii'h's  sei  vant,  who  had  his 
le<f  hroken  in  tlie  sUliiuish,  the  rest  hardly  escaping  with 
their  lives  ;"  and,  that  "'this  was  the  lirsttiii.e  that  ever  any 
mischiel'  was  done  liy  I  lie  Indians  npon  Pocisset  neck.' 
Tins  was  on  the  .-iinii-  day  oflhi^  lialtle  ol'  Punkaiees. 

1  BrothtT  in  law  to  Mr.  Church. 


i  i 


-il 


44 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


censing  ;  while  they  h.ul  no  other  shelter  but  n  smnll 
bank,  and  bit  of  a  water  ienee.*  And  yet,  to  add  to 
the  disiidvantage  of  this  little  handful  of  distressed 
men,  the  Indians  also  possessed  tluunselves  of  the 
ruins  of  astone  house,  that  overlooked  them  Sq  that, 
now,  they  had  no  way  to  prevent  lying  ([uite  open  to 
some  or  other  of  the  enemy,  but  to  heap  up  stones 
before  them,  as  they  did  ;  and  still  bravely  and  won- 
derfully defended  themselves  against  all  the  i.-am- 
bers  of  the  enemy. 

At  length  eame  over  one  of  the  boats  from  the  isl- 
and shore,  but  the  enemy  i)lied  their  shot  so  warmly 
i^^  h"r,  as  made  her  keep  at  some  distance.  Mr. 
Chureli  desired  them  to  send  their  canoe  ashore,  to 
fetch  them  on  board  ;  but  no  persuasions  nor  argu- 
ments could  prevail  with  them  to  bring  their  canoe 
to  shore  ;  which  some  of  Mr.  Church's  men  per- 
ceiving, began  to  cry  out.  for  God's  sake  to  take 
them  olf,  i'or  their  ammunition  was  spent!  tSic.  Mr. 
Church  being  sensible  of  the  danger  of  t!ie  enemy's 
hearing  their  complaints,  and  being  made  acquaint- 
ed with  the  weakness  and  scantiness  of  their  ammuni- 
tion, fiercely  called  to  the  boat's  master,  and  bid 
him  either  send  his  canoe  ashore,  or  else  be  gone 
presently,  or  he  would  fire  upon  him. 

xAwav  goes  the  boat,  and  leaves  them  still  to  shift 
for  themselves.  But  then  another  difficulty  arose: 
the  enemy,  seeing  the  boat  leave  them,  were  reani- 
mated, and  fired  thicker  and  fiister  than  ever.  U[)- 
on  which,  some  of  the  men,  that  were  lightest  of  foot, 
began  to  talk  of  iittemj)ting  an  escape  by  fiight,  un- 
til Mr.  Church  solidly  convinced  them  of  the  ini- 
[)racticableness  of  it,  and  encouraged  them  yet.  [He] 
told  tiicm,  that  he  luid  observed  so  much  of  the  re- 
markable, nnd  wonderful   providence   of  Cod,  [in] 

•  This  irdoed  will  compare  whli  LovowpU's  Fip;ht.  That 
liero,  to  prrvotit  liriiijz;  (juite  pncompr.ssPfl,  ip'.roalpd  to  the 
slioip  of  a  pond  TIip  parlii'ulars  ol"  wliifli  will  lip  found  in 
the  continuation  of  ihishistory.     See  i^ppendix,  XI. 


/AX>MJV-  PREPjlRlJifO    TO  FIRE  FROM  BEHIXD  Jl    TREE,        P.  U. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


45 


I 


hitlierto  pro'  "vin<^  tlicin,  that  it  onrounijEfod  h'ltn  to 
l)elievt>,  with  miicli  coiifidciicc,  tlint  God  would  yet 
pr('Hi!rv(;  them  ;  that  not  a  liair  of  thtiir  lioads  should 
lull  to  iWv  ground  ;  hid  them  bo  patioiit,  courageous, 
niid  prudently  sparin<ij  of  tlKjir  iwurnuiiition,  aiul  he 
made  no  doubt  i)ut  tlicy  should  come  well  oti"  yet, 
&.C.  [Thus]  tmtil  his  littic;  army  a<j;aiu  resolved, 
one  and  all,  to  stay  with,  and  stick  by  Itim.  One  of 
them,  l)y  Mr.  Church's  order,  was  pitching  a  flat 
stone  u|)  on  end  before  him  in  the  sand,  when  a  bul- 
let from  the  enemy  with  a  full  force,  struck  the 
stone  while  he  was  pitching  it  on  end,  which  put 
the  poor  fellow  to  a  miserable  start,  till  Mr.  Church 
called  upon  him  to  observe  how  God  directed  the 
bullets,  that  the  enemy  could  not  hit  him  when  in 
the  same  ])lace,  [and]  yet  could  hit  the  stone  as  it 
was  erected. 

While  they  were  thus  making  the  l>est  defence 
they  could  against  their  numerous  enemies,  that 
made  the  woo(ls  ring  with  their  constant  yelling  and 
shouting.  And  night  coming  on,  somebody  told 
Mr.  Church,  [that]  they  spied  a  sloop  up  the  river 
as  far  as  Goldisland,*  that  seemed  to  be  coming 
down  towards  them.  lie  looked  up  and  told  them, 
that,  succour  was  now  coming,  for  he  believed  it  was 
Captain  Golding,f  whom  he  knew  to  be  a  man  for 
business,  and  would  certainly  fetch  them  ott"  if  he 
came.  The  wind  being  fair,  the  vessel  was  s()r>n 
with  them,  and  Captain  Golding  it  was.  Mr.  Church 
(as  soon  as  they  came  to  sp(!ak  with  one  anotlier) 
desired  him  to  come  to  anchor  at  such  a  distance 
from  the  shore,  that  he  might  veer  out  his  cable,  and 
ride   afloat ;  and    let  slip  his  canoe,    that  it  might 

*  A  very  smiill  Irdirv  islanil  a  liltlo  to  Ihn  south  of  (ho  ^tonn 
hriilgp,  noar  llio  miildle  of  the  stream,  and  about  4  or  5  miles 
from  vvderr  tliey  >vn'P. 

[  I  lind  nolliina;  rclalinp;  to  tliis  gentlotnan  exce])tinc;  wJiat 
IS  I'oiind  ill  lliis  liislorv.  We  may  infi-r  (liat  lif  was  a  iiiaii  ol 
wortli  and  confidence,  by  Mr.  Clinrcb'-;  entriisling  him  >vilh 
an  iiT»|ior<ant  post  at  the  fi^ht  when  IMiilip  was  killcii. 


i 


I'HII.IP'S  WAR. 


47 


si'lvos.*  A  (h.'livcruiUM!  which  that  "^ood  f^ciith'man 
oftoii  inciitions  to  the  ^h)ry  of  God,  and  his  protect- 
iji;j  provi<U'iic('. 

'J'lic  next  day,f  mcctin;^  with  thi;  rest  of  his  little 
company, J  whom  lie  had  left  at  I'ocasset,  (that  had 
iilso  u  small  skirmish  with  the  Indians  and  had  two 
men  wonnded)  they  retmned  to  tlu;  i\Ionnthop(!  {Har- 
rison, which  Mr.  Chureh  used  to  call  tlie  losing 
fort. 

iMr.  Churcdi  then  returned  to  the  island,  to  seek 
provision  for  tlu;  army.  [There  he]  meets  with  Al- 
derman,^ a  noted  Indian,  that  was  just  come  over 
fiom  the  scjuaw  Sachem's  cape;  of  Pociisset,  having 
deserted  from  her,  and  brought  over  his  family,  who 
gave  him  an  account  of  the  state  of  the  Indians, 
and  where  each  of  tin;  Sagamore's  headtpiarters 
was.  Mr.  Chureh  then  discoursed  with  somi!,  who 
knew  the  spot  W(dl,  where  the  Indians  said  Weeta- 
iMore's||  head([uarters  were,  and  olfered  their  service 
to  pilot  him  [to  it. J 

With  this  news  he  hastened  to  the  Mounthope 
garrison,  [andj  the  army  (,'.\ pressed  their  reailiness  to 
emhrace  such  an  opportunity. 

All  th»!  ablest  soldiers  were  now  immediately  driiwn 
(If.  e(|uipped  and  despatched  upon  this  (hisign,  un- 
der the;  conunandof  a  certain  ollicer.li  And  having 
marched   about  two  miles,  viz.,  until  they  came  to 

•  FInliliard  85,  says  that  tliere  were  seven  or  eip;ht  srores, 
JMalliei',  Ibllowiiif;  liiiii,  says  there  were  "  an  liundred  and 
aliuit   live    times   lil'leen   territ)le   Inihuns."     Magnalia,  it, 

t  .Inly  19. 

I  On  lUiodei-land.  ISTr.  Cliurc-h  and  his  company  were 
liiiiir-porleil  tlii'ic,  a-  neie  Capt.  Fuller  and  his  couipany  bc- 
fnre.     Si'e   no(e  1  on  pau;''  .SO. 

§  The  Indian  tliat  kiUrd  I'liilii). 

II  (Scjnaw  Sachem  of  Poca-set.) 

An  aci'ouiit  of  this  "  oUl  (iueon"  has  been  given.  See 
note  -1  on  pajie  "27. 

1  1  have  not  learned  this  officer's  name,  but  it  was  Capt. 
Heucliman's  Lienlenant. 


48 


I'lni.ll'N  WAR. 


tho  cov»  tliJil  lies  soiifliwcst  frurn  tlm  \r(»iirit  wlnre 
orders  were  /^ivni  liir  ii  liiilt.  'I'lif  citimniUKlcr  id 
chief  told  tlifin  [tliiit]  Ik;  tlioii<j;lit  it  propter  to  Uikv. 
advice  bcfon'  Ik;  went  any  further  ;  culled  Mr. 
Church  Hud  the  pilot  aud  aslv(,'d  theni  how  they  kuew 
that  Philip  aiKlall  hisuK-n  were  not  hy  that  tiiue  ;fot 
to  Weetainorc's  cauip;  or  that  all  her  own  men 
wen;  not  by  that  tiuKi  returned  to  her  aj^aiii,  with 
many  nK)r(;  fri<j;htful  (juestioiis.  Mr.  Churcli  told 
hirn  [that]  tlK>y  had  acipiainted  him  with  as  much  as 
they  kiK'W,  aiKl  that  for  his  |)art  ho  coidd  discover 
iK)thin;4  that  iK-cd  to  discourage;  tlK;tn  from  proceed- 
in;^;  tliat  ho  thou<,dit  it  so  practicahh;,  that  he  witli 
the  pilot,  wouhi  willin'jly  lead  the;  way  to  thi;  spot, 


I'lIIMP'S  WAR. 


40 


Mr..rimrch,  one  IJiixtcr,  and  Cnpfnin  TTiintrr,  an 
Tn<li:in*  protU'icil  to  -jo  out,  on   llic  discovt'iv  <">  the 
left    winu,    wliicli    was    accepted.       'I'liey    had    not 
marched  above  a  quarter  of  a  mile  hefore  they  stiirt- 
ed   three  of  llu;  eneniv.     Captain    Hunter  wouniled 
one  of  them    in   the  kiiee.  vvlio  when  he  can\e  "P  [to 
him]  he  discovered   to  be  his   near   kinsman.      1  tiCi 
captive  desired   favour  f..r   his  scpiaw,  if  she  should) 
fall  into  their  hauls,  hut  asked  none  for  hinisell;  ex- 
ceptim,'   the    lihertv    of  taking   a   whiff  of  tobacco;, 
and   w'hile  he  was'fakinji  his  whiiF  his  kinsman,  with 
one  Idow  of  his  hatchet,  despatched  him. 

l*roceedin<j  to  Weetamore's  cam])  lliey  were  dis- 
covered by  one  of  the  eiiemv,  who  ran  in  and  gave 
infornuition.  Upon  which  a  'lusty  youii<?  fellow  left 
his  meat  up(m  his  spit,*  runninir  hastdy  out,  told  his 
companions  [that]  he  would  kill  an  Kn^dishman  be- 
fore he  ate  his  dinner;  but  failed  of  his  (lesion;  being 
no  sooner  out  than  shot  down.  The  enemies'  fires, 
and  what  shelter  they  ha<l,  were  l)y  the  edi^e  i^  a 
thick  cedar  swamp,  into  which  on  this  alarm  they 
betook  themselves,  and  the  Kn<,dlsh  as  nimbly  pursu- 
ed; but  wer''  soon  commanded  b;ick  by  their  chiel- 
tain,  [but  a  until]'  they  were  come  within  ['he] 
hoariiK^  oi  ihe  cries  of  their  women  and  children; 
and  so  -uded  that  exploit.  liut  returning  to  their 
sloop  lie  enemy  pursued  them,  and  wounded  two  of 
tlieii  men.  'I'he  next  day  they  returned  to  the 
Mounthope  garrison. f 

•  [lifter] 


*  (Probably  a  wooden  spit.) 

fTlicao  operations  took  up  about  four  or  five  d.nys.  hence 
wc  liuve  arrived  to  tlie  13  or  14  July.  In  tlic  eonrso  of  wliitli 
time,  fourteen  or  fifteen  of  the  enemy  «,r,.  killed.  Seo 
IIubl);ird,  87.  Holmes,  1,  Atl±  Tie  individual  cljorta 
were  of  far  more  eon8e(iuenee  than  tlie  mannnnres  of  the 
main  army  dnrinir  tiie  same  time;  yet  llutehinson,  II.  Adams, 
and  some  others  8ine>«.  thouyht  them  not  worth  mention- 
insj. 


50 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Soon  after  this  was  Philip's  hendquarters  visited* 
by  some  other  Eiiijlish  forces,  but  t^hiiip,  and  his  ^ang 
had  the  very  tbrtiine  to  escape,  tiiat  Weetainore  and 
hers  (but  now  mentioned)  liad.  They  tooiv  into  a 
swamp,  and  their  pursuers  \v»!re  commanded  back. 

After  this  Dartmouth'sf  lUstresses  recjuired  succour, 
[a]  great  part  of  the  town  being  laid  desolate,  and 
many  of  the  inhabitants  killed.     The   niost  of    IMy- 

*A  particular  ad'ouiit  of  this  afl'air  from  our  .lutlior,  nould 
have  been  gratifyinfr.  15ut  most  other  historians  before  and  since 
iiini,  liave  been  elaborate  u])on  it. 

In  eonsetiuenee  of  the  intelligence  i,fained  by  Mr.  Church,  the 
army,  after  fniishinif  tiie  treaty  with  the  .Narragaiisets,  before 
named,  movctl  to  Taunton,  wiiere  tliey  arrived  the  17  Jidy,  in 
tile  i'vening;  and  on  the  18,  inarciied  to  attaciv  I'liilip,  who  was 
now  in  a.  gwat  swain|),  adjacent  to,  and  (ui  the  east  side  of 
Taunton  river.  'J'iie  army  liid  not  arrive  until  late  in  tiie  d.ay, 
but  soon  entered  resolutely  into  the  swamp.  The  underwood 
was  thick,  and  the  foe  couKl  not  be  seen.  The  iirst  tiiat 
enterrd  were  shot  down,  but  the  rest  rushing  on,  soon  forced 
tiiem  from  their  hiding  places,  and  took  possession  of  tiieir 
wigwams,  about  100  in  number.  Nigiit  coming  on,  encli 
was  in  danger  from  his  fellow;  iiring  at  every  bush  that 
eeen\ed  to  shake.  A  retreat  was  now  ordered.  Conclud- 
ing that  I'liilij)  was  safely  hemmed  in,  the  Massachusetts  forces 
marched  to  Boston,  and  the  (-omiecticut  troojis,  being  the 
greatest  sutl'erer.s,  returned  hoim^  leaving  those  of  Plynu)Utli  to 
starve  out  the  enemy.  Trundiulfs  CouMcctiiut,  I,  33i2.  Ibid. 
U.  S.  I,  140.  This  movement  of  the  army  lias  been  very  much 
cen.'jiired.  Had  they  pressed  upon  the  enemy  the  ne.\t  day,  it  is 
thought  they  would  liavt'  been  easily  subdued.  J5ut  I'hilip  anil 
his  warriours,  on  the  1  August,  betore  day,  passed  the  river  on 
rafts,  and  in  great  triumph,  marched  olf  into  the  country 
of  the  iNipmucks.  /.out  16  of  the  English  wore  killed. 
Ibid.  Mather,  II,  488,  says  that  Philip  left  a  hundred  of  his 
people  behind  who  fell  into  the  li.nids  of  the  English.  It  is 
said  that  l'hili[)  li.'id  a  brother  killed  in  this  tigli^,  who  was  ii 
chief  Captain,  and  had  been  educated  at  Harvard  ColKi'e. 
IIutA'h.  I,  Mb. 

jThat  part  of  Dartmouth  wliieh  was  destroyed  is  about  5 
mile.s  S.  \\'.  from  Newbcdford,  and  known  by  the  name  of 
Aponagansct.  The  early  histories  give  us  no  particulars  about 
the  atVair,  and  few  mention  it  at  all.  .Many  of  the  inhabit. nils 
moved  to  Rhodeisl.ind.  .MidilleboriUlgll,  then  called  Neinasliet, 
about  this  time  was  mostly  burned;  probably,  while  the  t'caty 
was  eoneluding  with  the  .NariMganncts. 


I'lIIIJFS  WAR. 


51 


mouth  forces  were  ordered  tliither.  And  coininiu;  to 
llussell's  giirrison*  at  roniigaiiset,f  they  met  with  a 
nutnher  of  the  enemy,  that  had  surrendered  them- 
selves prisoners  on  terms  promised  by  Captain  Eels 
of  the  garrison,  and  Ralph  Earl, J  who  persuaded 
them  (hy  a  friend  Indian  he  had  employed)  to  come 
in.  And  had  their  promise  to  the  Indians  been  kept, 
and    the    Indians    fairly  treated,  it  is  j)robable  that, 

*  Tlie  I't'lhirs  of  tliis  old  gnrrisoii  iiro  .still  to  be  seen.  They 
nre  on  the  north  b:nik  of  A|tonii<fiinsi't  about  a.  mile  tVoin 
it.s  niontli.  I  was  int'oi'ined  by  an  inhabitant  on  the  spot,  that 
considerable  nianonivriiijf  went  on  here  in  those  days.  Tlio 
Indians    had  a   fort  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  and  used 

manner  of  moekery,  to  a^gn 


to  show  tl 


leniselves, 


and 


vate  the  Knglish  ;  tliey  beinjf  at  mon.  tliun  a  connuon  ijunshot  otK 
At  one  time  one  made  his  appearance,  and  tiu'ned  his  haekside  in 
delianee,  as  usual ;  but  some  one  haviniran  uneommonly  lonyyun 
fired  upon  him  and  put  an  end  to  his  mimiukry. 

A  similar  story  is  told  by  the  people  of  Middleboroni,di, 
wliieh  took  pi  lee  a  little  north  of  the  town  house,  aeross  the 
ISem:isket.      The  distanee  of    the   former  does  not  render  the 


story  so  improbable  as  that  of  the  latter,  but  eiremu.stanees  are 
more  antheiitiek.  The  gun  is  still  sIidwii  which  performed 
the  astonishing  feat.  The  distance,  sume  .say  is  ne.irly  half  a 
ndle,  which  is  considerable  ground  of  improbability.  That  a 
eircunustance  of  this  kind  occurred  at  both  these  places,  too,  is  a 
doubt,     JJnt    it   is  true  that  a  liglit  did  take  place  aeross  the 


river  at  iMi(Ullel)or( 


The    buli 


inrued   a 


oris 


wcr   factor 


since. 


,t  mill    which   stood 
id 


ans   came 


near 


to    th 


le   river  anc 


the   present   site  of  the 


:n:d    so(ui   alter  drew  o 


tr.    T 


le 


alfair  I 


las  been 


ted  over   by  the  inhabitants  as  ii  celebration  not  many  years 


t  (In  D.irtmouth.) 

Tlie  word    is  generally  pronounced  as  it  is  sjielled  in  the  text, 

this  name  I'olvuanset,  when  he  took 


but    is    always,   especially  of    late,    written   Aponagaiisct 


Douglass,  it  appears  lear 


a  sui-vey  of  the  country.     See  his  Summaiy,  I,  403. 

1 1  can  find  no  mention  of  these  two  gentlemen  in  any  of  the 
histories.     Ibit  their  names  are  sulVicieutly  immortalized  by  their 


conduct  m  oppi 


ism 


'  the  diabolieal  acts  of  (roverumeul  for  selling 


prisoners  as  slaves.  It  is  possible  tliat  they  might  decline  servinfj 
imy  more  in  tin  war,  alter  being  so  much  abused;  and  liene«3 
were  not  noticed  by  the  historians,  who  also  pass  over  this  black 
page  of  our  history  as  lightly  us  possible. 


n 


52 


PiniJP'S  WAR. 


most,  if  not  all,  the  Indians  in  those  parts  had  soon 
followed  the  example  of  those,  who  had  now  surren- 
dered themselves,  which  would  have  been  a  good 
step  towards  finishing  the  war.  But  in  spite  of  all 
that  Captain  Eels,  Church  or  Earl  could  say,  argue, 
plead  or  lu'g,  somebody  else  that  had  more  power  in 
their  hands,  improved  it.  And  without  any  regard 
tp  the  promises  made  them  on  their  surrendering  them- 
selves, they  were  carried  away  to  Plymoutii,  there  sold, 
and  transported  out  of  the  country,  being  about  eight 
score  persons.*  An  action  so  hateful  to  Mr.  Church, 
that  he  opposed  it,  to  the  loss  of  ihe  good  will  and 
respects  of  some  that  before  were  his  good  friends. 

But  while  these  things  were  acting  at  Dartmouth, 
Philip  made  his  esaape;t  leaving  his  country,  fled 
over  Taunton  river,  and  llehoboth  plain,  and  Patux- 
etj  river,  where  Captain  Edmunds§  of  Providence, 
made  some  spoil  upon  him,  and  had  ])r()bably  done 
more,  but  was  prevented  by  the  coming  of  a  superi- 
our  officer,  that  put  him  by,|| 

*VVith  regrot  it  is  mentioned  th.-it  the  venenihle  John  Wiii- 
throp  wiis  (j()\  cniour  of  Connecticut,  (Connectii'ut  iinii  Ne\vh;iven 
now  i'onniiiy:  but  one  colony)  the  lion.  Jolni  l,eveiett  of 
iSlMssiu-husetts.  and  the  lion.  Josi.ih  VVinslow  of  l'lynn)ntli. 
Ilhodeisiiind.  bee.inse  they  chose  freedom  i:ither  th.m  t-Uixenj, 
had  not  been  admitted  into  the  Union.  From  this  liistoiy  it 
\vonId  seem  that  one  Cranston  was  Covernour  of  liliode- 
island  at  tliis  time;  but  th:it  colony  appears  not  to  be  implicated 
in  this  as  well  as  many  othCr  acta  of  maleadministration.  kSee 
note  l2  on  p;iye  38. 

t  An  account  of  which  is  given  in  note  1,  pnge  50. 

|Dou«rliiss  wrote  this  word  Patuket,  as  it  is  now  pronounced. 
Sunnn;n y,  I,  100.  It  is  now  often  written  l'atn.\el.  It  is  Black- 
stone  river,  or  was  so  called  formerly. 

\  I  find  no  other  account  of  this  officer  in  Ih,'  Indinii  wars, 
only  wiiat  is  hinted  at  in  this  history;  Uom  whicli  it  ;ip|H';M'8 
that  he  was  more  than  once  emi»loyed,  and  w.is  in  the  east- 
ern war. 

||IIubi)ard,  91,  says  that  Philip  had  about  thirty  of  his 
piirty  killed ;  but  he  takes  no  n(;tice  of  Ca]>t.  Kdniinids'  beinir 
yul    by.      He   said    that   Capt.    Ueneiunan    came    up   to   thein, 


PlllUrVS  WAR. 


53 


And  now  another  fort  was  built  at  Pocasset,*  that 
proved  as  troublesome  and  chargeable  as  that  at 
Mounthope;  and  the  remainder  of  the  summer  was 
improved  in  providing  for  the  forts  and  forces  there 
maintained;  while  our  enemies  were  fled  some  hun- 
dreds of  miles  into  the  country  near  as  far  as  Alba- 

nyj 

but  not  till  the  skirmish  was  over.  "But  why  Philip  was 
followed  no  further,"  he  says,  is  better  to  suspend  than  too  criti- 
cally  to  incjuire  into."  Ilenee  we  may  conclude  that  the  pursuit 
was  countermanded  by  Capt.  Henchman,  who  when  too  late 
followed  after  the  enenly  without  any  success. 

*Tlie  fort  here  meant  was  built  to  prevent  I'lJlip's  escape 
from  the  swamp  before  mentioned.  See  note  1,  on  nage  50. 
Mr.  Church  appears  early  to  have  seen  the  folly  <if  fort  huilding 
under  such  circumstances.  While  that  at  Mounthope  was 
buildinir,  lie  had  seen  Philip  gaining  time;  and  while  this  was 
building  to  confine  him  to  a"  swamp,  he  was  marching  oft"  in 
triumpli. 

tllere  appears  a  large  chasm  in  our  history  including  about 
four  months,  namely,  from  the  escape  of  Philip  on  the  1  August, 
to  December;  during  which  time  many  circumstances  transpired 
worthy  of  notice,  and  necessary  to  render  tiiis  history  more 
perfect  .Air.  (^hurcli  .-ippears  to"  have  quitted  the  war,  and  is, 
perhaps,  witli  his  family. 

l'hili|)  having  taken  up  his  residence  among  tiie  Xipmucks  or 
Xipnets.  did  not  fail  to  engage  them  in  his  cause. 

On  the  14  .Inly  a  party  killed  4  or  5  people  at  ^fendon  a  town 
37  miles  southwest  of  Boston. 

August  2,  Capt.  llutciiinson  with  20  horsemen  went  to  re- 
new the  treaty  witli  those  Indians  at  a  place  appointed,  near 
Qnabaiig.  (now  Brooktield)  a  town  about  fi'O  miles  nearly 
west  from  Boston;  but  on  arriving  at  the  i>!ace  appointed, 
tiu!  Indians  did  not  appear.  So  lie  proceeded  4  or  5  miles 
beyond,  towards  tlieir  chief  town,  w  lien  all  at  once,  some  hun- 
dreds of  tiu'm  tired  upon  the  company.  Eight  were  shot 
down,  and  eight  others  were  wounded.  Among  the  latter  was 
Capt.  Hutchinson  who  died  ^oon  after.  The  remainder  escaped 
to  (iuahaog,  and  the  Indians  pursued  them.  But  the  Eng- 
lisii  arrived  in  time  to  warn  the  inhiibitants  of  the  danger, 
who  witii  them.selves  crowded  into  one  liouse.  The  other 
houses  (about  20)  were  imnu'diately  burned  down.  They 
next  besieged  the  house  containing  the  inliabitants  (about  70) 
and  the  soldiers.     This  they  exerted   themselves  to   tire  also, 


54 


]'iilI,ll''S  WAU. 


And  now  stronti  suspicions  l)i"jini   fo  ;i;'is('  of  tlie 
NiUTiiiiJinset*  Indiiins   tiuit   tlicv  were  ill  ;itli'('t('(l  iind 


for    two    diivs,   mikI 


nil 


the    1.:ir(l    tlu-y 

II.      'I'lii'y    tilli'il    a 

Mild   si't   it   on    lii'c,  and   liy   iiicmiis  of 

liiid   nearly   bioiiiilil  the   llaiiu's  in  con- 


'ijoc't    by    u   stratai,rci 


witii   various   Hiici't'ss 

nearly    i-tVirtt'd   tlii'ir 

cart    witli    I'oiiihnstihli's 

splifiiiu'   i)oic.s  tojfetlu'r 

tact    with    the    iiniisc,    wlicii    Major    Will.ini     arrived    willi    -18 

draijiooiiH    and    dispersed   tlieni.      See    Ainerieaii    Ann.    I,   4l'3, 

424. 

Tlie  Indians  about  lladli-y.  who  had  Intherto  jiept  nj)  tlio 
sliow  of  frieiidsiiip,  now  deserted  thtHr  dwclliiiivs  and  drew  off 
after  I'liilip.  Toward  tlie  last  of  Aiii.ni.st,  Cajjt.  I5eers  and 
Capt.  1-otlirop  pursued  and  overtook  tlieiii,  and  a  fi;'ree  b.ittle 
was  fouylit,  i'\  wliieii  10  of  the  English  and  2(5  Indians  were 
killed. 

Septeinher  1,  they  Imrned  Deerfield  and  killed  one  of  the 
jnliabit,-inl.s.  The  same  day  (liein^f  a  fast)  they  fell  upon  1  lad- 
ley  while  the  people  were  at  nieetiiii^,  at  wliieli  they  were  over- 
eoine  with  eonfiisitni.  At  this  erisis,  a  vener.ible  jfentleiiian 
in  siiifrular  attire  ap|)eared  ainoiifj  them,  and  pnttiiif,'  himself 
lit  their  head,  rushed  upon  the  Indians  and  dis]iersed  them, 
then  disappeared.  'I'lie  inlialiitants  tlioii^ht  an  aiiffel  had  u[\- 
ju'ared,  and  led  them  to  vietory.  Hut  it  was  (leiieral  (ioH'e, 
one  of  the  .liidir(s  <d'  Kinir  Cluirles  I,  who  was  set'reted  in 
the  town.  See  I'resident  Stiles'  history  of  the  Jndjres,  109,  and 
Holmes,  I,  424. 

About  1 1  Se|)tem])er  Capt.  J?eers  with  3G  men  went  up  tne 
river  to  observe  how  tliin<rs  stood  at  a  new  ]ilaiitatioii  I'alled 
S(iiiakeaif,  noiv  Nortlilield.  The  Indians  a  few  days  bet'ore 
(but  uiikiiowii  to  them)  had  fallen  upon  the  pl.aee  and  killed  9 
or  10  persons,  and  now  laid  in  ambush  for  the  I'lnirlish,  whom 
it  apjiears  they  e\peeled.  They  had  to  niareli  nearly  'M)  miles 
tlirou^di  a  liideous  for"st.  On  arri\in^'  within  three  miles 
of  the  plaee,  they  were  fired  upon  bv  ;i  host  of  enemies,  and  a 
larire  ))roporti(Hi  of  their  number  fell.  The  others  f^'ained  an 
cinineiiee  and  fouirht  bravely  till  tlieir  C;i|itain  was  sl.iiii,  when 
they  lied  in  every  direetion.  Sixteen  oiilv  escaped.  Hubbard, 
1U7. 

On  the    18tli  follow  inif,  as  Caiit.  I.othrop  with   80  men  was 

guarding    some    carts    i'nini    Deerlield    to   Hadley,   tiiev    ^^■erc 

^'"^'" 

*Tt  was  believed  that  the  Ii  liiins  irenerally  returned  from  the 
western  frontier  abuio'  the  Co  I'ticiit,  and  to(d<  u|)  their  winter 
quarters  ainonif  the  .Narray.insets;  but  whether  I'liilip  did  is 
uneertain.  Some  suppose  that  lie  visited  the  iloliawks  and 
Canada  Indians  for  assistunce. 


r    \ 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


55 


designed  mischief.  And  so  the  event  soon  discov- 
ered. The  next  winter  they  hetj;in  their  hostilities 
upon  the  English.  The  united  colonies  then  agreed 
to  send  an  army  to  suppress  them :  Governour  VVins- 
low  to  comm.and  the  arniv.* 

lie  undertaking  the  expedition,  invited  Mr.  Church 
to  command   a  company,   [ — ]'  which  he  dechned; 
'  [in  tlie  expedition] 

fttlleii  upon,  iiiid,  ineluiliiig  teamsters,  90  were  slain;  7  or  8  only 
escaped.     Ibid.  108. 

Octolier  5,  tlie  Springtiold  Indians  liavinjf  lioon  joined  by  about 
300  of  I'idlip's  men  bi'j,'an  tiie  destruetion  of  Sprint,flieid.  Hut 
tiie  attaek  being  expeeted,  Major  Treat  was  sent  for,  wiio  was 
tlieii  at  Wcstfield,  and  arrived  in  time  to  save  mueii  of  the 
town  from  the  tlames,  but,  32  iiouses  were  eorisumed.  Holmes, 
I,  4-25. 

October  19,  Hatfield  was  assaulted  on  Jill  sides  by  7  or  800 
Indians,  but  there  being  a  e(nisi(leral)ie  number  of  men  well  pre- 
pared to  reeeive  them,  obliged  them  to  tlee  witiiout  doing  nmeh 
damage.  A  few  out  buildings  were  burned,  and  some  of  the 
defenders  killed,  but  \\  e  have  no  aeeount  how  many.  Ilolme.s,  I. 
4'25,  says  this  atVair  took  plaee  at  Hadley;  but  llubbard  whom 
he  eites,  1  Hi,  .says  it  was  at  llattield.  The  piaees  are  only  sepa- 
rated by  a  bridge  over  the  Couneetieut,  and  were  formerly  included 
under  the  same  name. 

.Mr.  Iloyt  in  his  Antiquarian  Researehes,  136,  thinks  that 
it  was  in  tliis  attack  that  (ien.  (ioH'e  made  his  appearance, 
because  ifr.  Hubbard  takes  no  notice  of  an  attack  upon  ihat 
place  in  Sept.  1675,  which,  if  there  had  been  one,  it  would 
not  have  escaped  his  notice.  Hut  this  nnght  iiave  been  un- 
noticed by  Mr.  Hubbard  as  well  as  some  other  alVairs  of  the 
war. 

Tims  are  some  of  the  most  important  events  sketched  in  our 
hero's  absence,  and  we  may  now  add  cimcerning  him  what  Homer 
did  of  Achilles'  return  to  the  siege  of  Troy. 

Thin  great  Actiilli's.  ti'mir  of  tlii'  plain, 
Lunir  iual  tu  battle,  s^liuiiu  iii  arins  auaiii. 

Iliad,  II,  B.  XX,  .57. 

*It  was  to  consist  of  1000  men  and  wliat  friendly  Indians 
would  join  them.  .Massachusetts  was  to  furnish  5"i7,  i'ly- 
montli  158,  (.'onnecticut  315.  Major  Robert  Treat  with  those 
of  (.'onnecticiit,  Major  Hradford  with  those  of  Plymouth, 
and  .M.ijor  Samuel  Appleton  with  those  of  Massachusetts. 
The  wliole  under  Gen.  Josiah  VVinslow.  Ameriean  Annals, 
I,  426. 


59 


56 


PHIIJP'S  WAR. 


ti  } 


craving  excuse  from  taking  [a]  commission,  [hut] 
he  promises  to  wait  upon  him  as  a  Reformado  [a  vo- 
lunteer] through  the  expe(h'tion.  Having  rode  with 
the  General  to  Boston,  and  from  thence  to  Ilehoboth, 
upon  the  General's  request  he  went  thence  the  near- 
est vyay  over  the  ferries,  with  Major  Smith,*  to  his 
garrison  in  the  Narraganset  countrv,  to  prepare  and 
provide  for  the  coming  of  General  Winslow,  who 
marched  round  tlnough  the  country  with  his  army 
proi)osing  by  niijht  to  surprise  Puniham,t  a  certain 
Narraganset  sachem,  and  his  town  ;  but  being  avv.ue 
ot  the  approach  of  our  army,  made  their  escape  in- 
to the  desertsj.  But  Ui\  Church  meeting  with  fair 
winds,  arriverl  safe  at  the  Major's  garrison  in  the 
evening.^  and  soon  began  to  inquire  after  the  ene- 
rgy's re:jorls,  wigwams  or  sleeping  }tlaces;  and  iiav- 
ing  gained  some  intelligence,  he  proposed  to  the  VA- 
dridges  and  some  other  brisk  hands  that  he  met  with, 
to  attempt  the  surprising  of  some  of  the  enemy,  to 
make  a  present  of,  to  the  General,  when  he  should 
arrive,  which  might  advantage  his  design.  Being 
brisk  blades  they  readily  complied  with  the  mo- 
tion, and  were  soon  upon  their  march.  The  night 
was  very  cold,  but  blessed  with  the  moon.     Before 

*Tliis  friMitU'iiian,  Mr.  Ilubhird  iiitorms  us,  N;ir.  128,  livni  in 
Wiekford  wiu-re  tlie  iiriny  Wiis  to  take  up  its  liciid-ciunrtfrs. 
Wicklbrd  is  about  9  miles'  N.  W.  from  NcwiJort  on  Narrairauset 
bay. 

+  CSjicIipm  of  SliMwomot  or  Warwick.) 

This  Sai'liciii  iiad  sicfucd  the  treaty  in  July,  wherein  .such  {rreat 
faith  and  tidelity  were  promised.  See  note  3  on  pape  36.  A  lew 
days  before  the  iri'eat  swamp  (iirht  at  N'arrafrnn.set  Capt.  Prentice 
destroyed  his  town  after  it  was  deserted.  But  in  July,  lt;76,  lie 
was  killed  by  some  of  the  Massachusetts  men,  near  Dcdham.  A 
erandson  of  Ins  was  taken  before  this,  liy  a  party  under  Ct\\A. 
Denison,  who  was  esteemed  the  best  soldier  and  most  warlike  of 
all  the  Narraganset  chiefs.     Trumbull,  1,  345. 

tit  appears  that  "all  did  not  escape  inio  the  deserts.  Tho 
heroick  Capt.  .Mosely  captured  36  on  his  way  to  Wickford. 

{December  11. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


57 


the  day  broke  they  eflected  their  exploit ;  and,  by 
the  risiiifT  of  the  sun,  arrived  at  the  Major's  garrison, 
wiiere  they  met  the  general,  and  presented  iiiin  with 
eighteen  ot'  the  eneni),  [which]  they  had  captivated. 
The  General,  pleased  with  the  exploit,  gave  them 
tlianks  particularly  to  ]Mr.  Church,  the  mover  and 
chief  actor  of  the  business.  And  sending  two  of 
thei>>  (likely  boys)  [as]  a  present  to  Boston;  [and] 
smiling  on  Mr.  Church,  told  him,  that  he  made  no 
doubt  but  his  faculty  would  sui^ply  them  with  Indian 
boys  enough  before  the  war  was  ended. 

Their  next  move  was  to  a  swamp,*  which  the  In- 
dians had  fortified  with  a  fort.f  Mr.  Church  rode  in 
the  Ceneral's    guard    when    the   bloody  engagement 

*  l{ul)l);ii'il,  13(),  Buys  tlmt  tlie  army  wiis  pilotod  to  lliis  pUu'u 
by  Dili.'  IV'tiT,  a  t'li^^itivc  Indian,  who  tied  from  tlio  Narraganst-ts, 
ii|),iii  sonii'  disi'ontunt,  and  to  him  tiu-y  wcmv  indebted,  in  a  great 
nie.i.snre  for  their  sueeess.  How  bmg  before  the  army  would 
iiave  found  tiie  enemy,  or  on  what  part  of  the  fort  t'.iey  would 
have  fallen,  is  uneertain.  It  appears  that  had  they  eonu' upon 
an\  other  part,  they  nmst  have  been  repulsed.  VVhellier  this 
Peter  was  the  son  of  Awashonks,  or  Peter  Nunnuit,  the  husband 
of  W'eetamore,  the  Queen  of  I'oeasset,  is  uneertain.  But  Mr. 
Hubbard  styles  him  a  fugitive  from  the  iNarragausets.  If  lie 
were  a  Narragaiiset,  he  was  neither. 

t  Hef.ire  this,  on  the  14,  a  seout  under  Sergeant  'Bennet  killed 
two  and  t-iolv  four  prisoners.  The  rest  of  the  same  eompany, 
in  ranging  the  eountry,  eame  upon  a  town,  burned  150  wigwams, 
killed  7  id"  the  e.iemy  and  brought  in  eight  prisoners.  On 
the  lo,  some  Indi.ms  eame  under  the  pretence  of  making 
peaeo,  and  on  their  return  killed  several  of  tlie  English,  who 
wore  scattered  on  their  own  business.  Captain  iMosely,  while 
eseorting  Maj.  Appleton's  men  to  (piarters,  was  lired  upon 
by  -20  or  30  of  the  enemy  from  behind  a  stone  wall,  but 
were  innnediately  disperse.l,  leaving  one  dead.  On  the  16, 
they  iveeived  the  news  that  .lerry  IkiH's  garrison  at  1'.  ;ty- 
(piarnseot,  was  burned,  and  fifteen  persons  killed.  On  the  18, 
tlu'  <!oimeetieut  forces  arrived,  who  on  (heir  way  had  taken  and 
killetl  11  of  the  enemy.  The  united  forces  now  set  out,  Dec. 
19,  for  the  head(|nariers  of  the  enemy.  The  weather  was 
Severely  cold  and  nnich  snow  upon  the  the  ground.  They 
arrived  npim  the  borders  of  the  swamp  about  one  o'clock.  Hub- 
bard, 128  to  130. 


'1 


it 


4 

i 


68 


PHILIPS  WAR. 


began.  But  Ijcing  impafiont  of  boiiiir  out  of  tlio 
liont  of  the  iiction,  iinpoi-tunatcly  l)ei;ife(l  leave  of  tlie 
Geru'cal,  that  he  might  run  down  to  the  assistance  of 
his  friends.  The  General  yielded  to  his  recjuest, 
yirovided  he  could  rally  soinc  hands  to  go  with  hitn. 
Tiiirty  men  immediately  drew  out  and  l"ollowed  him. 
They  entered  the  swamp,  and  jiassed  over  the  log, 
that  was  the  |:)assage  into  the  fort,  where  they  saw 
many  men  and  several  valiant  Captains  lie  slain.* 
Mr.  Church  spying  Captain  Gardner  of  Salem, 
amidst  the  wigwams  in  the  east  end  of  the  foit,  niade 
towards  him;  hut  on  a  sudden,  while  they  were 
looking  each  otlui'  in  the  face.  Captain  Gardner  set- 
tled down.  ]\[r.  Churfh  stepped  to  him.  and  seeing 
the  l)iood  run  down  his  cheek  lifted  u|)  his  cap,  and 
calling  him  hy  his  name,  he  Icjoked  up  in  his  lace 
but  spake  not  a  word ;  being  mortally  shot  through 
the  head.  And  observing  his  wound,  Mr.  Church 
found  the  ball  entered  his  head  on  the  side  that  was 
next  the  upland,  where  the  English  entered  the 
swamp.  Upon  which,  having  ordered  some  care  to 
be  taken  of  the  Captain,  he  des]-)atched  information 
to  the  General,  that  the  best  and  forwardest  of  his 
army,  that  hazarded  their  lives  to  enter  the  fort  upon 
the  muz/les  of  the  enemy's  guns,  were  shot  in  their 
backs,  and  killed  by  them  that  lay  behind.  Mr. 
C'hurch  with  his  small  company,  hastened  out  ol'  the 
fort  (that  the  English  were  no<v  possessed  of)  to  get 
a  shot  at  the  Indians  that  were  in  the  swanii>, 
and  kept  Hring  upon  them.  He  soon  met  with  a 
broad  and  bloody  track  whei'e  the  enemy  had  lied 
with  their  wounded  men.  Following  hard  in  the 
track,  he  soon  s|)ied  one  of  the  enemy,  who  clapi>*Kl 
his  gun  across  his  breast,  made  towards  Mr.  Cliiirch, 
and  beckoned  to  him  with  his  hand.  Mr.  Chuich 
immediately  commanded    no   man   to  hurt  him,  hop- 

*Six  C.'iptiiiiis  wcri'  klli'd.  r;i|it;iiiis  l);ivi'|ij)iii't,  (iiirdincr  and 
Joliiifson  of  M;iss:U'luis('tts:  (i.ill(i|),  Sicly  and  .M.-itsIkiII  of 
C'oiiiii'ctiiMit.  No  nu'iitioii  is  ni;ide  that  any  oHiccrs  were  killed 
beioDijinjj  to  Piyiiioutii. 


Co 


\'ii'^^^Siid^-. 


*l 


livl 


'    '•  ■•)l 


'«vjV,K'.f*S)»ii«fci**'---' 


i 


m 
m 

m 


GO 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


lev,  and  unexpected  ol.ii)  on  their  bucks.  tl>at  they 


who  escaped  with  their  hves,  were  so  surprised,  that 
they  scampered,  they  knew  not  whither  tlieniselves. 
About  a  do/eii  of  them  ran  ritrht  over  the  lo^  into 
the  fort,  and  took  into  a  sort  of  liovel  that  was  built 
with  poles,  after  the    manner  of  a    c 


orn  cnl). 


iMr. 

Church's  men  havinij;  their  cartri(lij;es  fixed,  were 
soon  ready  to  obey  liis  orders,  which  were  inunedi- 
ately  to  chai'^e  and  run  [ — ]'  upon  the  hovel  and  over- 
set it;  calliuir  as  he  ran  on,  to  some  that  were  in  the 


lort,  to  assist  bun  in  oversettintj  it 


r 


lev  no  sooner 


came   to  lace 


tl 


le   enemv  s    >< 


heller,  but    Siw  Church 


discovered  that  one  of   them    had    fuuiitl    a   hole  to 

loint  his  yun  throujfh    riirht   at  him.     Hut  howevi-r 

he]  encoura<j;v'd  his  companv.  ;iM(i   ran  ri<ilit  on,  till 

le   was  struck   with   three  btiilet-^ ;    one  in   bis  thiirli, 

which  was    near  half  cut    otl"  as   it   uhuiced  on   the 

joint   of  his  hip  bone;  another   thrnuiih   the   leather 


vith 


dl  Ik 


inus   ot  nis   Dreeclies  amt  (trawers  witli  a  small  llesii 
wound;  a  third  pierced  his  [>ocket,  and  wounded  a 

Iiair  of  mittens  that  he  had  boi  rowed  of  ('a|itniu 
'rentice;  liein^  wrapped  u|)  together,  had  the  mis- 
fortune of  havinif  yiany  iioles  jut  through  them  with 
one  i)ullet.  I'lif  however  he  made  sliil't  to  keep  on 
his  legs,  and  nimbly  discharged  his  gun  at  them  that 
had  woumleil  him.  Heiiig  disaltled  now  to  go  a  step, 
his  men  would  have  carried  him  otl".  but  he  forbid 
their  touchin'j;  of  him.  until  they  had  p^rfecti'd  their 
project  of  oversetting  the  enemv's  shelter;  bid  them 
run,  for  now  the  Indians  h;id  no  guns  charged. 
While  be  was  urginir  them  to  run  on,  the  Indians  be- 
gan to  shoot  arrows,  and  with  one  |>ierced  tbroiiLrh 
the  arm  of  an  I'jiglishman  that  had  hold  oi'  Mr. 
Church's  arm  to  support  him.  The  J'liiirlish,  in  short, 
were  discouraired  and  drew  back.  And  by  this 
time  the  English  people  in  the  fort  had  begun  to  set 
fire  to  the  wigwams  and  houses  in  the  fort,  which 
Mr.  Churcii  laboured  hard  to  prevent.     They  told  him 

•[on] 


i 


i 


I'lIII.U'VS  WAR. 


61 


flliiit]    llicv  liinl    orders    from   the    flenmil    to  hum 
tluMii.     lit'  lM'mi(!(l   tlicm  to  torlicar  \mtil  he  liiid  (hs- 
coursed  with  the  General.       And  hasleninLj  to  hitn, 
he  hejiged   to    spare    the  wiijrwains,  Sic,  in  the  fort 
from  fire.     [.Viid]  told  him  [that]  the  \\ii,'\vams  were 
musket  proof;  heiiig  all  lined  with  haskets  and   tut)s 
of  trrain   ami    other    |)rovisions,  suflieient    to   supply 
the  whole    army,   until    the   sprinjj;  of  tlu'   year,  and 
every  wounded  man  nli^ht  have  a  good  warm  house 
to  I()d<fe  iti,  who  otherwise  would  necessarily  perish 
with  the  storms  and    cold;    ii.d    moreover  that   tlie 
army  had  no  other  provisions  to  trust  unto  or  depend 
upon;    that    he  knew  that  the  Plymouth  <'orces  had 
not  so  much  as  one  [hiscuilT  l;'ft,  for  he   had  seen 
their  last  dealt  out,  &c.*      The  Genen.;  advisin     a 
few  words  with  the  (rentlemen  that  were  ahout        n 
moved  towards  the  fort,  designinj^  to  ride  in  1  ;';i  elf 
and  hring  in  the  whole  army ;  hut  just  as  he  was  en- 
tering the  swamp  one  <>\'  his  Captain.-    a-  i  hin),  and 
asked  him,  whither  he  was  going?     1I(    tol.;  him  "In- 
to  the   fort."      The  ('aptain   laid    hold   of   his   horse 
and  told  him,  [that]  his  life  was  worth  an  hundred  of 
theirs,  and  [that]  he  should  not  expose  himself     'J'he 
General   told  him.  that,  he    suppo.sed   the  hrunt  was 
over,  and   that  Mr.  Church    had    informed   him  that 
the  fort  was  taken,  A:c. ;    and  as  the  case   was  cir- 
cumstanced,  he   was  of  the   mind,  that  it  was  most 
practicable    for    him    and  his  army   to  shelter  them- 
selves  in  the  fort.     The  (^aptain   in  a  great  heat  re- 
plied, that  (^lurch  lied;   and  told  the  General,  that, 
if  he  moved  another  steji,  towards  the  fort  he  vvould 
shoot    his    horst!    under    i;  •)        Then    [bristled]"    up 
'  [biskako]  '  [brusli'd] 

*'J:1his  tlie  lnToi.'k  Cimivli  diHiMwurinl  not  only  rrreat  briivcry 
in  l);ittl(".  l)iit  jiMliriiiriit  and  lori'tlioiiylit.  Had  liis  advict'  hvvn 
taiuMi,  no  d<iul)l  ni:iny  i.vi's  wmdd  have  bi'iMi  saved.  It 
nuv  bo  rem  ili.'d.  tln.t  notwitlistandinjr  iMr.  Clinivli  so  di.s- 
tinLTiiislu'd  liimscir  l,i  this  liylit,  bin  lumib  is  not  mentioned  by  our 
cbiul'  iiihtoriaiKs. 


*% 


m 


i 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


03 


c(\  by  the  English,  tuid  hy  tlic  cold  of  that  night;* 
that  they  Hed  out  of  th(;ir  fort  so  liiistdy,  tliat  tliey 
ciinii'd  notliing  witli  them,  tluit  if  tho  English  hiui 
kept  in  the  fort,  the  Indiiins  would  certainly  have 
\)it-n  necessitated,  eitlier  to  surrender  themselves  In 
I  hem.  or  to  have  perished  by  hunger,  and  the  seve- 
rity of  the  season. f 

lAomr  time  after  this  fort  fight,  a  certain  Sogkon- 
;)t(!  Indian,  hearing  iMr.  Chr.rch  ndate  the  manner 
of  his  being  wounded,  told  him,  [that]  he  did  not 
know  but  he  himself  was  the  Indian  that  v.oimded 
him,  for  that  he  w'as  one()f  that  comi)any  of  Indians 
llijit  Mr.  Church  made  a  shot  u|)on,  when  they  were 
rising  to  make  a  shot  into  the  fort.  They  were  in 
muuber  about  siMv  or  seventv  that  just  then  came 
down  from  Pumham's  town  J  and  never  before  then 
lired  a  gun  against  the    English.     That  wIkmi   Mr.. 

•  Mr.  ?Iiil)bari1,  1.S5,  mnitions,  tliat  one  Potock,  a  f:;rf'at 
coimspllor  amoiiK  tlu'in,  i-oiil'pssod  on  1)0!  1151;  laUon,  tliat  l!i« 
Indians  lost  700  li|>;litinjj;  mon,  bosidos  .SOO,  wlio  died  ol'tlioir 
wounds.  Many  old  porsons,  tdiildron  and  woiuidni,  no 
douiit  perislird  in  tlio  flanios.  But  Irttf  r-iCrom  tlio  arinv,  at  tlip 
tinio,  may  l)o  seen  in  Hntchinson,  I,  -ill,  'i73,  in  wliiidi  tlie 
cniMuy's  loss  is  not  so  iii^idy  ratod.  Tlmy  fomiiavo  better 
^vit!l  the  account  j;;iven  by  our  author  in  tiie  next  note. 

1  (Tiie  swamp  I'l^ht  happened  on  Deeendier  1!),*  Hi*"),  in 
whitdi  about  50  Eni;lisii  \v('re  killed  in  the  action,  and  died 
ol' their  \vounds  ;  and  about  300  or  350  Indians,  men,  women 
and  children  were  killed,  and  as  many  more  capfivated.f  It 
i>  >aid  500  wi<^wanis  were  luuned  with  the  i'ort,  and  200 
more  in  otlier  parts  oi"  Narraj;anset.  The  ])lace  of  the  i'ort 
w;is  an  elevated  ground,  or  i)iece  ol'uiiland,  of,  perhaps,  3  or 
-1  acres,  in  the  middh'  of  a  hi<leous  s\vam]),  about  7  miles 
iieailv  due  west  from  Narraganset,  south  ferry. |) 

J  \Vliat  is  now  Warwick.     See  note  'i,  page  5G. 

»  'I'hr  <p|il  copy  of  lliis  history,  from  whicli  I  iiiiiit  tliis,  fjivcs  tlic  dato, 
Dec.    2!),  but  it  must  be  a  misprint. 

t  I'lM-haps  later  writers  am  inor(!  correct  willi  rofiaril  to  tlin  loss  of  tliQ 
Kll-IisIi.  than  <>\ir  anlhor.  It  is  saiil  that  there  wen;  ahov  SO  slam,  and 
\M  woimilocl,  who  aluirwanls  recovcreii.      Hist.  (Jon.  1,;U0. 

t  I'hi!  swamp  whore  this  battle  w.as  tou^'ht  is  ill  Suuthkingston,  llHoae- 
isUiid,  situated  as  meiitiuiied  above. 


♦ 


m 


i      \: 


'Hi. 


'U\/]\ 


ii! 


64 


PHILIP'S  WAR, 


Church  fired  upon  them  he  killed  fourteen  dead  unon 
the  spot,  aHd  wounded  a  greater  number  than  he 
killed.  Many  of  which  died  afterwards  of  their 
wounds,  in  the  cold  and  storm  [of]  the  following 
night. 

Mr.  Church  was  moved  with  other  wounded  men, 
over  to  Rhodeislijid,  where  in  about  three  inontiis' 
time,  he  was  in  some  good  measure  recovered  of 
his  wounds,  and  the  fever  that  attended  them ;  and 
then  went  over  to  the  General*  to  take  his  leave  of 
him,  witii  a  design  to  return  home.f     But  the  Gene- 

•  General  Winslow,  with  tlie  Plymouth  and  Massachusetts 
forces,  remained  in  the  Narrag;anset  country  most  of  the 
winter,  and  performed  considerable  a}:!;ainst  the  enoniy, 
Tlie  Connecticut  men  under  Major  Treat,  being  mucii  cut 
to  pieces,  returned  iiome. 

t  While  our  hero  is  petting  better  of  his  wounds  we  will 
take  a  short  view  of  what  is  transacting  abroad. 

Tlie  enemy,  toward  the  end  of  .lanuary,  left  their  v'nuntry 
and  moved  otf  to  the  Nipnmcks.  A  party,  in  their  way, 
drove  oft"  15  horses.  50  cattle  and  200  sheep,  from  one  of  the 
inha'oitants  of  Warwick.  On  tlie  10  Feb.,  sevrral  hundreds 
of  them  fell  upon  Lancaster  ;  plundered  and  burned  a  great 
jiart  of  the  town,  and  killed  or  captivated  forty  per<ons. 
(Philip  commanded  in  this  attack,  it  was  supposed.)  {''cb. 
21,  nearly  half  of  the  town  of  Medfield  was  liurned,  and  (m 
the  25,  seven  ()r  eight  buildings  \N  .  ,  Iso  burned  a1  W'im- 
iiiouth.  March  l.S,  (iroton  was  all  I' -'royed  excepting  I'onr 
garrison  houses.  On  the  17,  Warwick  had  every  liouso  liui'ncil 
save  one.  Qn  the  20,  Marlborough  was  nearly  all  de^tioyed, 
and  the  inhabitantsdeserted  it.  The  same  day  Capt.  I'ierce 
of  Scituale  with  lifty  Kiiglish  and  twenty  friendly  Indians, 
was  cut  ofl"  with  most  of  his  men.  (For  the  particulars  of 
this  ali'air  see  note  further  onward.)  On  the  28,  forty  houses 
and  thirty  barns  were  burned  at  Itehoboth  ;  and  the  day 
following,  about  HO  houses  in  Providence.  The  main  body 
of  the  enemy  wsis  supposed  now  to  be  in  the  woods  belueeu 
lirookfndd  and  Marlborough,  ami  Connecticut  river.  Capt 
IJenison  of  Connecticut  with  a  few  brave  volunteers  per- 
(ormed  signal  services.  In  the  first  of  April  he  killed  ami  loo 
•11  of  the  enemy,  and  before  the  end  of  the  month  70  nior. 
were  killed  and  taken,  all  without  the  lossof  a  man.  In  ihi. 
lieginning  of  April  the  Wamesit  Indians  did  some  inisclin  I  at 
Chelmsford,  on  Merrimack  ri\''r,  to  which  it  a|  p'ais  lln-y 
had  been  jirovoked.      On   tlic  17,  the   reuiaining  l)oub«.s  at 


►  s 


/I 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


G5 


ral's  (Treat  importunity  again  persuaded  him  to  accom- 
pany liiin  in  a  long  marcli*  into  tlie  Nipniuckf  coun- 
try, though  he  had  then  tents  in  his  wounds,  and  so 
lame  as  not  [to  be]  able  to  mount  his  horse  without 
two  men's  assistance. 

In  this  march,  the  first  thing  remarkable,  was,  they 
came  to  an  Indian  town,  where  there  were  many  wig- 
wams in  sight,  l)ut  an  icy  swamp,  lying  between  them 
and  the  wigwams,  prevented  their  running  at  once 
u|ion  it  as  they  intended.  There  was  much  firing  upon 
each  side  belbre  they  passed  the  swamp.  But  at 
length  the  enemy  all  fled,  and  a  certain  Mohegan, 
that  was  a  friend  Indian,  pursued  and  seized  one  of 
the  en'Muy  that  had  a  small  wound  in  his  leg,  and 
brought  him  before  the  General,  where  he  was  exam- 
ined.    Some   were    (or   torturing  hiui   to  brine  him 

Sl.iflhnronifli  wort'  consnmpd.  The  noxt  d;ty,  18  April,  tlu>y 
cniiit'  t'uiiously  upon  Siidluiry.  (Soiiu'  at'i'ouiit  of  wliicii  will  be 
sifivcn  ill  ;m  fiisiiinir  note.)  Near  tlic  fiid  of  A]iril,  Scitiinto  !tI)out 
30  ni'iK's  from  liostoii,  on  the  hay,  had  19  liouses  and  barna 
IjiH'iu'd.  'I'lii'  inhabitants  inado  a  j^'ailant  rt'sistancc  and  put  tiio 
pnoniy  to  llii,dit.  31ay  8,  they  hurncd  17  houses  and  barns  at 
J?ridu'('\\atcr,  a  larLTC  town  about  20  miles  soutli  of  Boston. 
Mather.  .Maoiialia,  II,  4i)7,  says  that,  "not  an  inhabitant  was  lost 
by  this  town  durinir  the  war.  neither  yoiniLf  nor  old;  that  when 
their  (Kvellin;,rs  were  tired  at  this  time,  (iod,  from  heaven,  fonirlit 
for  them  witli  a  storm  of  li^.ditnini,'-,  thunder  and  rain,  whereby  a 
jrreat  |iirt  of  their  houses  \w\\'  jireserved.''  On  tlie  II,  the,  tt>wn 
(d'  I'lyiuouth  had  Ki  housesand  barns  burned  ;  and  two  days  after 
9  moi'e.  Middleboronj^h.  liS  miles  from  iJoston,  had  its  f*j\v 
remainin<r  housi's  burned  the  same  day. 

These  were  the  most  distressinir  days  that  Neweiifjland  over 
beheld.  Town  after  town  fell  a  saerifiee  to  their  fury.  All 
was  fear  and  eonsternatioii.  Few  there  were,  who  were  not 
in  monrniuir  for  some  near  kindred,  and  nothinif  but  horrour 
st,u-ed  them  in  the  faee.  iJut  we  are  now  to  see  the  aftiiirs  of 
Philip  decline. 

*  I  eannot  find  as  any  other  historian  has  taken  notice  of  this 
exjiedition  of  the  eonnuander  in  eliief.  •  It  appears  from  what  is 
above  stated  that  it  was  in  Mareh,  KiTG. 

+  (Country  about  Worcester,  Oxford,  Grafton,  Dudley,  &c.) 

5 


m 

Si 


66 


PHILIP'S    WAR. 


to  a  more  amj)lo  confession  of  wlmt  lie  know  con- 
cerning liis  countrymen.  Mr.  Church,  verily  believ- 
ing [tiuitj  he  had  been  ingenuous  in  liis  confession, 
inrercedcd  and  prevailed  for  his  escaping  torture. 
But  the  army  being  bound  forward  in  their  march, 
and  the  Indian's  wound  somewhat  disenabling  him 
for  travelling,  it  was  concluded  [that]  he  should  be 
knocked  on  tlie  head.  Accordingly  he  was  brought 
before  a  great  fire,  and  the  Moliegan  that  took  him 
was  allowed,  as  he  desired  to  be,  his  e.\ecutiou<:r. 
Mr.  Cluirch  taking  no  delight  in  the  sport,  framed 
an  erraml  at  some  distance  among  the  baggage 
horses,  and  when  he  hud  got  ten  rods,  or  thereabouts, 
from  the  fire,  the  executioner  fetching  a  blow  with 
a  hatchet  at  the  head  of  tlw  i)risoner,  he  being  awiire 
of  the  blow,  dodged  his  head  aside,  and  the  execu- 
tioner missing  his  litroke,  the  hatchet  flew  out  of  his 
aand,  and  hail  like  to  have  done  execution  where  it 
was  not  designed.  The  prisoner  upon  his  narrow 
escape  broke  from  them  that  lield  him,  and  notwith- 
slanding  his  wound,  made  use  of  his  legs,  and  hap- 
pened to  run  right  upon  Mr.  Church,  who  hiid  hold 
on  him,  and  a  close  scullle  they  had  ;  but  the  Indian 
having  no  clothes  on  slippcMl  from  him  and  nni  again, 
and  Mr,  Church  puruied  [him,]'  altlioiigh  being 
lame  there  was  no  great  odds  in  tlu;  race,  until  the 
Indian  stumbled  and  feU,  and  [then]  they  closed 
again — scudled  and  fought  pretty  snuirtly.  unu\  the 
liidian,  by  the  advantage  of  his  nakedness,  slipped 
from  his  hold  again,  and  sot  out  on  his  third  race. 
with  Mr.  Church  close  at  his  heels,  endeavouring  to 
lay  hold  on  the  hair  of  his  head,  which  was  all  the 
hold  could  be  taken  of  liim.  And  running  through 
a  swam[)  that  was  covered  with  hollow  ic(>,  it  made 
so  loud  a  noise  that  Mr.  Church  e.vpected  (but  in 
vain)  that  some  of  iiis  liiiglish  friends  would  folio  v 
the  noise  and  come  to  his  assistance.  But  tlie  In- 
dian happened  to  run  atlnvart  a  large  tree  thr.t  lay 
I  \\]\i'  Indianj 


f 


l'HI[.ll"S  WAR. 


67 


fallen  iiejir  l)r('nst  liigii,  where  he  stopped  find  cried 
nut  uIdikI  lor  litlp.  IJiit  Mr.  Chiireh  Ixmii^  soon 
upon  him  ■,v^n\\\,  the  IiiJiaii  seized  liiin  fnst  l)y  the 
hair  of  liis  liead,  and  endeavoured  by  twistinir  to 
break  his  neek.  Hnt  thou;di  Mr.  Ciiureh's  wounds 
had  sonii'v,  hat  weakened  him,  and  tlie  Indian  a  stout 
feUow,  yet  he  held  him  in  play  and  twisted  the  In- 
dian's ne(dv  as  well,  and  to((k  the  advantagt;  (if  many 
opportuniti(>s,  while  they  hunir  by  each  otlu^r's  hair, 
gave  him  notorious  bunts  in  the  taee"  witli  his  head. 
15ut  in  the  heat  of  the  seullle  they  heard  the  ice 
break,  with  somebody's  coming  apace  to  them,  wiiicli 
wlu'u  tiny  hi'ard.  Church  concluded  there  was  help 
for  one  or  other  of  them,  but  was  doubtful  uiiich  of 
them  nmst  now  receive  the  fatal  stroke — anon  .some- 
body comes  uj)  to  them,  who  proved  to  be  the  In- 
dian that  had  fust  taken  tht;  prisoner;  [and]  with- 
out speaking  a  word,  he  felt  tliem  out,  (for  it  was 
so  dark  he  could  not  distinguish  them  by  sight,  the 
one  being  clothed  and  the  other  naked)  he  felt 
where  Mr.  Church's  hands  WH're  fastened  in  the  Ne- 
to|)"s*  hair  and  with  one  blow  settled  his  hatchet  in 
between  them,  and  [thus]  ended  the  strife,  lie  then 
sj)iM\e  to  Mr.  Church  and  huggtnl  him  in  his  arms, 
and  thanked  him  a!)un(lantly  for  catching  liis  prison- 
er, [lie  then]'  cut  olf  the  head  of  his  victim  Jind 
carried  it  to  the  camp,  and  [after]  giving  an  account 
to  the  rest  ol"  th(>  frieiul  Indians  in  the  camp  how 
Mr.  Chinch  had  seized  his  prisoner,  &.C.,  they  all 
join(Ml  in  a  mighty  shout. 

I'roceeding  in  this  march  they  had  the  success  of 
killi.ig  many  of  the  encMuy ;  unl  •  ;  t  length  their 
provisions  failing,  they  returm d  home. 

King  lMuli[)f  (as  was  before  hinted)  was  fled  to  a 

1  [an.l] 

•  The  Notop  Inilijins  were  a  small  tribe  among  the  Sogko- 
natos. 

tit  was  supposodliy  many  th;.'  V'hilip  was  at  the  g' _ai 
8Av,ii.ip  lij^iit  at  Narrag.uisrt  in  Doixiiibcr,  lt^75.     Sue  noli  i 


mm 


i 


'  ji 


it' I 


r 


r  1 


I*.  J  *  *■ 


M       'I 


68 


PHIMP'S  WAR. 


placo  ( ;ill('(!  Scnttiicook,*  hctwccii  Yor!,  am!  Albany, 
vvlu;rc  t'li'  M<)')li;msf  iiiailc  u  dcscr-ii  npoii  hiiu  nnd 
killed  many  of  his  men,  wliicli  move  I  iiiiii  irom 
tlieiice.  t 

His  nv\\  k(-niielliiii!f  place  was  at  the  fal''^  of  Con- 
necticiit  river,  where,  soimfirno  aiser  CaiJiaii:  iur- 
ner  fDiiii  1  him.  [audi  '  'I'l't;  upon  jiinj  by  night,  kill- 
ed him  a  „n-oat  maiiy  uuMi.  and  (riirhteiUMl  many  more 
into  the  river.  tha;>  v\v,re  hurlud  down  lh<;  fulis  and 
dro\vne(i.|| 


*  It  is  ahnvo  Albany,  on  the  cist  siJ^  of  ihc  noiili  hrareU 
of  'i!ip  Hiiil>^on,  nnw  callrd  lioosiu  ri\PT,  about  15  iii\'n«  frorsi 
Aiiiany.  Siail/i  wrote  tbi.s  won!  Scii;;lilabooik,  H».-.:<.;y  i%', 
V,>,;:,  307. 

t  (Mnb-r.vks.) 

'I'bis  worti  aeconlinf;  to  Roffor  Williams,  is  derived  from 
til''  ^vord  mnhn,  wbicb  sifjnilies  to  eat.  Or  Molianks  signili- 
cd  caiitiibals  or  man  eaters  among  Hi"  otber  tribes  of  Inilians. 
Tniiir  ull.  U.  Slates,  I,  47.  Hulcliiii-on,  I,  405.  Thistritic 
V\as'iiuated  along  (lie  .M()!K^^vk  river,  from  wlioni  it  took  its 
name,  and  was  one  of  the  powi-iful  Fivmations,  who  in  17I3, 
wre  joined  l)y  (he 'I'uskarora  Indian^  a  large  tribe  from  N. 
Carolina,  and  (henee  kn()\vn  by  tlie  name  of  (he  Sixna- 
tions.  Williami-on,  N.  Candina,  I,  iO.i.  Hon.  J)e  Witt 
€lin(on,  in  N.  Y.  Hist.  Soe.  Col.  H,  48,  says  tiie  Tuskaroras 
joined  tiie  other  nations  in  l7liJ. 

f  l*lii!i|Mlespairing  of  exterminating  the  English  witli  his 
Newengiaiid  Inilians  resorted  to  the  Slohawks  to  peisuailc 
Ihem  to  engage  in  his  cause.  They  not  being  willing,  he 
had  vf  eonr^e  to  a  foul  expedient.  Meeting  with  some  Mo- 
hawks in  the  -ivoods,  luinting,  he  caused  them  to  be  murdered  ; 
ami  then  infirnied  their  friends,  tliat  the  English  had  done 
it.  lJ.it  it  so  ha|)pene(l  that  one,  ^vhich  ^vas  left  for  dead, 
revived  and  revurned  to  his  friends,  and  iidbrmed  them  of 
thetrulh.  The  Molnnvks  in  just  resentment  fell  u|ioii  him 
and  killed  many  of  his  men.     Adams,  Hist.  N.  Kng.  1^5, 

§  f  Above  DefMllehl,) 

ft  ha>  been  siigu';fsted,  and  it  is  (bought  verv  appropriate- 
ly to  call  that  cataraid,  where  Capt.  'I'urner  destroved  tae 
Indian-,  'l'urner\  frills.     See  Antiipiarian   Uesearches,  131. 

IJ  I'll, lip  with  a  great  eompany  of  li:s  people  liad  taken  a 
.'•.laiii!  at  the  fall  in  ('oiniertuMit  ri\er  for  the  convenience  of 
getti:iga  Mijiply  of  li-h,  after  the  deslnict ion  of  their  pro- 
visions at   the   g-eat   swamp   fight  in   '^arraganset.     Some 


L 


\il    ' 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


69 


Philip  got  over  the  river,  nnd  on  the  back  side  of 
Wetuset*  hills,  meets  with  nil  the  remnants  of  the 
Narri\f:fanset  and  Nipmuckf  Indians,  that  were  there 
gathered  together,  and  became  very  numerous;  and 
[then]  made  their  descent  on  SudhuryJ  ami  *!  e 
adjacent  parts  of  the  country,  where  they  met  with, 

prisonovH  deserted  iiiid  hroiiijlit  news  to  Ilndley,  ITatneld  and 
Northampton  of  the  Indians'  sitnation  at  the  falls.  On  the  18 
Way,  KiO  men  ntider  ('apt.  Turner  arrived  near  tiieir  quarters  at 
day  break.  The  enemy  were  in  their  wi<rwams  asleep,  and  with- 
out  guards.  The  English  rnshed  upon  tlu'in  and  fired  as  they 
rose  from  sleep,  whieli  so  terrilied  tiiem  th.it  they  tied  in  every 
diriietion;  eryiiig  out  "Mohawks!  Mohawks!"  Some  ran  into  tho 
river,  some  took  eanoes,  and  in  their  fright  forgot  tiie  paddles,  and 
were  |)reeipitaU'd  down  the  dreadful  fall  and  dashed  in  i)ieees. 
The  enemy  is  siipiiosed  to  have  lost  300.     The  Enulisii   ha\ing 


finished  the  work,  began  a  retreat;  but  the  Indians,  on  reeovering 
fnun  their  terror  fell  upon  their  rear,  killed  f'apt.  Turner  and  38 
of  his  men.  See  Ameriean  Amials,  I,  430.  Why  is  the  name  of 
Turner  not  found  in  our  Biographical  Dictionaries? 

*lu  the  north  i)art  of  the  present  town  of  Princetown  in 
Worcester  comity,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Boston.  Mr.  lluhhard 
wrote  this  word  NV'atchuset,  and  Dr.  Morse,  Wachusett,  and  calls 
it  a  mount.'iin.  See  Univ.  (Ja/.  But  in  this,  as  well  as  many 
other  words,  the  easiest  way  is  the  best  way;  hence  Wachuset  is 
to  be  preferred. 

t  (About  Rutland.) 

It  was  just  said  that  the  IVipmnck  country  was  about  Wor- 
cester, (Oxford,  &c.  See  note  '2  on  page  (iii.  Nipnmck  was  a 
general  name  for  all  Indians  beyond  the  Connecticut  toward 
Canada. 

:[()n  the  27  ^lardi,  1G76,  some  persons  of  .Marlborough  joined 


others  of  Sudburv,  and  went  in  search  of  the  e 


nemy. 


Tl 


ley  came 


upon  nearly  300  of  them  bcfort'.  day  asleep  by  their  (ire 
Mithin  half  a  mile  of  a  garrison  house.  The  English,  though  but 
40  in  number,  ventured  to  lire  upon  them  ;  and  before  they  could 
arouse  and  escape,  they  iiad  several  well  directed  tires,  killing  and 


W(mn( 


tl 


ling   about  30.      On   18  Api 


been  bef 


ore  no 


ley 


fur 


slv  tV 


Sndli 


lury, 


bi 


lurried    several    lionses   ai 


ted, 
id 


barns  aiMl  killed  sevi'r.il  persons.  Ti'ii  or  twelve  persons  that 
came  from  Concord,  ,5  miles  dist.uit,  to  assist  their  friends, 
were  drawn  into  an  ambush,  and  all  killed  or  taken.  Hubbard, 
182,  184. 


llii 


i'E 


'nm 


t  f 


70 


PfiiiJI'S   \VAI{. 


an<l  s\\;illo\vr(l  up  [f lie]  valiiiiit  Cniiliiiii  \\'ii(l>ui)rtli* 
iiiid  Ills  coiiipMiiy  :  ;iii(l  iiiiiny  oilici'  dol'l'iij  ilc^nhinoii^ 
ill  tii.^sc  pJirts.  'I'lic  news  wlicn'of  coiiiiiiLr  to  I'ly- 
inoti>'i,  niid  tlicy  ivxpcctiiiif  [  tliiit,J  piol);il)ly,  tlic  ciic- 
tiiv  would  soon  return  nirain  into  their  colenv,  tli(i 
coiiiicil  (>f  war  were  called  together,  and  Mr.  (-'Iiurcli 
was  sent  for  to  tlieiii ;  Ix'iii;;  obsiTVi^d  liy  the  whole 
fojoiiv  tohe  a  person  extraordinarily  (pialified  for. and 
adapted  t.)  the  atl'airs  ofwar.  It  was  proposed  iiicoiin- 
r:l.  that  lest  the  eiieinv  in  their  return,  should  fall  on 
li<'hol(oi,l!.  or  some  other  of  their  out  towns,  a  coni- 
paiiv  coiisisti.'iii  of  sixtv  or  seveiitv  men,  should  be 
sent  into  tliose  |)arts,  and  [ihal]  Mr.  Church  [Ix;]  in- 
vited to  take  the  command  of  them.  He  told  them 
that  if  the  (!iieniy  rc'turiicd  into  that  colony  ajiaiii,  they 

*  C'a|i1.  Samiipl  \Va(l>wortli,  falltor  of  prfsiilftit  Wails- 
worlli  of  M.u\ar(i  Col! 'j^c.  Cajit.  W'adswoi'th  was  srnt  from 
Boston  witli  50  iiKMi  to  rolicM'  Marlhoroiii^li.  AI'dT  iiiarcli- 
inj.>;  •/;'»  iiiilos,  tlicy  were  iniorrn.f'd  lliat  tlio  oiiPiiiv  liad  ;ione 
tdwani  Sii(il)iii'v  ;  so  uillioiit  sloppiiifj  to  takr  any  rest,  thf)' 
pin'Miril  al'ltT  thoin.  On  coniiiifj  near  1|ip  town,  a  parly  of 
Utr  ninny  Wfrc  discovpiod,  and  purMifd  aliout  a  inilf  into 
(lif  wooii<,  wlini  on  a  sudden  llioy  wcro  surrouiulpd  on  all 
siilfs  liv  .000  Indian'^,  as  was  juilj^r<l.  No  tdiance  oj"  pscapfi 
a[)ncarr<l.  This  litllf  liand  of  lirave  mm  now  rP>-olvpd  to 
figiit  to  the  last  man.  'I'hcy  painni  an  nuiiifncc,  wliitdi 
they  ii.iintainiMM'or  sonif  tinif  ;  al  Inipjtii,  nijjlit  approaiii- 
in;f,  llicy  lifjjan  to  scattfr,  \\  iiiidi  ^a\  c  IIip  cnoniv  I  lie  ad\  an- 
tafi,*',  and  nrarly  rvfry  onp  wassiain.  'idiis  wa- a  drcadriii 
blow  (o  the  country.  It  i-*  not  i-nrtain  liiat  any  over  o^(•ap(■d 
to  iidalc  lliP  ••ad  '.alo.  I'resnli'nt  VVad'-worlh  rrn-ted  a  inonu- 
nifiit  wlu'ip   this   lialllo  \va>  Icuglil  with  thiS  insfrijition. 

'•  f'a)'lain  Saniuol  Wadsworth  of  Milton,  his  l.ioiilonant 
Siiarp  (if  Hr'wklirn',  Oaplain  Uroididjank  oi'  Howlcy,  with 
alioiit  Twnity  Six*  otiipr  sonldicrs,  fi^litinj;  for  iIip  didence 
ol  llicir  country,  wfrr  >lain  hy  llir  Indian  enemy  April  18th, 
lt)7(),  and  lye  liurieil  in  t)ii>  |)lacc." 

'•'J'liis  moniiinnil  ^lallds  to  I  lie  \vr>t  of  Suillmry  causeway, 
aliout  one  mile  -oulliward  ol'tlie  tliurdi  m  old  Sudhury,  anil 
aliout  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  great  road,  that  leads 
fioin  Worcester  to  Ho-lon.'  Uoliiies,  I,  4i9.  Sudtiury  is 
aboiil  2'i  miles  fiom  Ho-fon. 

*  hujjposed  Id  he  Ihr  iiuinhi  r  of  bodies  found. 


l\ 


L.. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


71 


might  reasonably  expect  tliat  they  would  come  very 
niuruTous,  and  if  he  siiould  take  the  conimand  of 
men  he  should  not  lie  in  any  town  or  j^arrison 
with  th(!m,  but  would  lie  in  the  woods  as  tlu;  encjiny 
did — and  that  to  send  out  such  small  ''omijani'  s 
against  sucii  multitudes  of  the  enemy  that  were  now 
mustered  together,  would  be  but  to  deliver  so  many 
men  inio  their  hands,  to  be  destroyed,  as  the  worthy 
Captain  Wadsworth  and  his  company  were.  His 
advice  upon  the  whole  was,  that,  if  they  sent  out 
any  forces,  to  send  no  less  than  three  hundred  sol- 
diers ;  and  that  the  other  colonies  should  be  asked 
to  send  out  their  (juotas  also  ;  adding,  that,  if  they 
intended  to  make  an  end  of  the  war  by  subduing  the 
en(?i<iy,  they  must  make  a  business  of  the  war  as  the 
enemy  did  ;  and  that  for  his  own  part,  he  had  wholly 
laid  aside  all  his  own  private  business  and  concerns, 
ever  since  the  war  broke  out.*  He  told  them  that, 
if  they  would  send  forth  such  forces  as  he  should 
direct  [them]  to,  he  would  go  with  them  for  six 
weeks  march,  which  was  long  enough  for  men  to  be 
kept  in  the  woods  at  once ;  and  if  thev  might  be 
sure  of  liberty  to  r^'turn  in  sucli  a  space,  li'CJi  would 
go  out  cheerfully;  and  he  would  engage;  [ti.-itl  '>ve 
hundred  and  fifty  of  the  l)est  soldiers  siiould  I'liuie- 
diately  list,  volunlarily,  to  go  with  him,  if  they  v*ould 
])lease  to  add  fifty  more  ;  and  one  hundred  of  the 
iriend  Indians.  And  with  such  an  army,  he  made 
no  doubt,  but  he  might  do  good  service,  but  on  other 
tcrn\s  he  did  not  incline  t  )  be  concerned. 

Their  reply  was,  that,  tiiey  were  already  in  debt, 
and  so  big  an  army  would  bring  such  a^hvirge  upon 
them,  that  they  should  never  be  able  to  pay.  And 
as  for  sending  out  Indians,  they  thought  it  no  ways 
advisable;  and  in  short,  none  of  his  ad  ifc  practi- 
cable. 

*  it  will  be  (liscovpralile  in  almost  every  step  onward,  how 
shamcruliy  Mr.  Church  was  treated  by  governnier/  for  all 
Ins  hCivices!. 


.  t  icB 


1-m 


"''''  J^ih 


72 


PIIIL11''H  WAR. 


Now  Mr.  Church's  consort,  jind  his  then  only  son 
were  'ill  this  tiiiu.'*  reiiiaiiiini;  at  Duxluiiy  ;  iiiid  his 
fe.''.m\  il  ir  safely  there,  (unli'ss  the  war  were  more 
Nij^oroi-  i>  en<.'aje<l  in)  resolved  to  move  to  llhode- 
ishmd,  though  it  was  much  opixised,  hulh  hy  <:;<»vern- 
nient  and  relations.  But  at  lenulh  the  Covernour, 
considerini^  that  he  miiiht  he  no  less  serviccahle,  liy 
being  on  that  side  of  the  colony,  gave  his  permit,  and 
wished  [that]  he  had  t\'"nty  more  as  good  men  to 
send  with  him. 

Then  preparing  for  his  removal,  he  went  with  his 
small  family  to  Plymouth  to  take  leave  ot'  their 
friends,  where  they  met  with  his  wife's  paicnts.  who 
much  persuaded  that  she  might  he  left  at  ^Ir.  Clark's 
garrison,  (which  they  supposed  to  he  ;i  mighty  sate 
place)  or  at  least  that  she  might  he  there,  until  her 
soon  expected  lying  in  was  over  ;  (heing  near  her 
time.)  Mr.  Church  no  ways  inclining  to  ventuic  her 
any  longer  in  those  parts,  and  no  arguments  prevail- 
ing with  him,  he  resolutely  set  out  lor  Taunton,  iuid 
many  of  their  friends  accompanied  them.  There 
they   found    Captain    Piereef    with    a    commanded 

*  The  be<'iiininf'  of  Mari-li,  1676. 

t  'i'liis  yciitli'tnaii  bcloiiifi'd  to  Soitnatp,  iis  is  seen  in  note  to 
pajTc  64.  I  have  learned  no  partienhirs  of  him,  exeepl  \\h;it  iiro 
furnished  in  the  Indian  wars.  It  appears  that  he  w.is  now 
on  iiis  inareli  into  tiie  N.'U-r.ijranset  eonntry,  iiavini^-  iieard 
tliat  many  of  tiie  enemy  liad  eollected  at  I'awtnxet,  a  few 
miles  to  tiie  soutiiwarti  of  Providenee.  He  being  a  man  of 
grcnt  eourajre,  and  willirir  to  eiig;iye  tlie  enemy  on  any 
gronnd,  was  led  into  a  fatal  snare.  On  crossinjf  the  I'aw- 
tnxet  river  he  found  himself  eneireled  by  an  overwhelming 
innnber.  Hi  rt'trealed  to  the  side  of  the  river  to  pri'vent 
btiiiif  surrounded;  but  lliis  oidy  alternative  faih'd:  For  the 
enemy  erossinff  tiie  river  a1)ove,  eame  upon  their  backs  with 
the  same  deadly  eti'eet  .as  those  in  front.  Thus  they  li.id  to 
contend  with  trijiple  nnmliers.  and  a  double  dis.-uhaiitanc. — 
Means  was  found  to  ilespatcli  a  messenger  to  Providence  for 
succour,  but  througii  some  nnacountable  default  in  him,  or 
them  to  whom  it  was  deiivereti,  noni?  arrived  until  too  late. 
The  scene  was  horrid  be)  ond  description  !  Some  .say  tiiat  sdl 
the  En^rlish  were     lain,   oIIuts,  that   one   only  escaped,  which 


PHIUP'S  WAR. 


73 


party,  who  ofTcrod  Mr.  Cliurcli  to  sond  a  rolalion  of 
Ills  w  ilh  som(>  others  to  <ni!ir<l  him  to  llho(h>isl;in(l. 
JJiit  Mr.  Church  ihankod  him  li»r  his  r<'s|H'<tliil  oHir, 
hut  lor  suiuf  jj;oo(l  r(!a><nis  n  fused  to  act-e|)t  it.  In 
short,  they  fijot  safe  to  Captain  John  Ahny's*  house 
upon  Khoch'ishuid  where  they  met  witli  friends  and 
g(»od  entertainment.  But  hy  tlio  way  let  me  not 
forgot  this  remarkahU;  |)ritvidenco,  viz  .  that  within 
twentyfour  liours,  or  tliereahouts,  after  their  arrival 
ut  llhodeishnid,  Mr.  Chirk's  ji;arris(jn,  that  Mr.  Churcii 
was  so  nnich  importuned  to  have  lus  wife  and  chil- 
dren at,  was  destroyed  by  the  enemy. f 

Mr.  ('liurch  bein<i;  at  present  disahhid  from  any 
particular  service  in  the  war,  hej^an  tothirdv  of  some 
other  employ.     But  lie  no  sooner  took  a   tool  to  cut 

W.1S  oll'rctrd  as  follows.  A  friondly  Imiiati  pursued  liiin  with 
an  upliCtcd  (oniahawk,  in  llic  faco  of  llio  oncmy,  who  consid- 
oriii;;  Ids  fate  certain,  and  that  he  was  pursued  by  one  of 
tlieir  own  men,  made  no  disco\erynf  tiie  stratagem,  and 
l)()lli  escaped.  Another  friend  Indian  seeing  (hat  the  battle 
wa-  lo>t,  blackened  his  face  with  jiowder  and  I'an  among  the 
enemy,  Avliom  they  Jook  to  be  one  of  tiiemselves,  who  also 
were  pa'''ted  black,  then  presently  escapei!  into  the  woods. 
Another  was  pursued,  who  hid  behind  a  rock,  and  his  pursu- 
er lay  secreted  near  to  {*hoot  him  w  hen  he  ventured  out. 
But  he  behind  tiie  rock  put  his  iiat  or  ca|)  \\\wn  a  stick,  and 
raising;  it  up  in  sigl.t,  the  other  fired  upon  it.  lie  dropping 
his  stick  ran  upon  him  befoie  he  could  reload  his  gun  and 
shut  him  (iea<l.  !iee  Hubbard,  Nar.  151,  Sic.  It  apiiears 
th;it  Canonchct,  a  Narraganset  chief,  who  afterwards  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  brave  Capt.  Dcnison  commanded  in 
this  battle.  See  Hist.  Connect.  344. 
*  See  note  2  on  page  40. 

•f  On  the  12  March  Mr.  Clark's  house  was  assaulted  by  the 
Indians,  who  after  barbarously  murdering  1 1  persons,  belong- 
ing lo  t>vo  families,  set  it  on  tire.  Mr.  Hubbnid,  155,  says,  that 
" 'I'hf  cruelty  was  (he  more  remarkable,  in  thiit  they  had 
often  received  much  kindness  fi  run  the  s.ud  Cl.iik."  I'hilip 
is  supposed  to  have  conducted  this  alia' c.  Aliout  the  tnne 
tliat  that  chief  fell,  200  Indians  delivered  themselves  pri>on- 
ers  at  IMy month,  3  of  whom  were  found  to  have  been  among 
liiose  wiio  murdered  Mr.  Clark's  family  and  were  executed. 
The  rest  were  taken  into  favour.  Ibid.  21(3. 
I) 


"■",!: 


ul'!  I 


l>f 


^1 


'tii 


f 


I 


iMliMl"S  WAIl. 


75 


tictiliirly  ;r|!Hl  that  providence  liiid  l)n)iinr|,t  |,i„t  tli«^rc 
»t  tliat  iuiicliin,-;  lor  they  liiiil  coiicliided  the  verv 
next  diiy  to  send  out  on  imnv  of  tuo  liundred  men'; 
two  thirds  Kn<,dish,  juid  one  "third  Indians;  in  some 
measure!  a^^reeahle  to  his  former  proposal — expect- 
in;";  Boston  and  Connocticnt  to  join  with  their 
<|notas. 

Ill  short,  it  was  soconrlnded,  and  that  Mr.  Chnrch 
shr.idd  retnrn  to  the  isliin<l,  and  see  wliat  he  conld 
niuster  there,  of  those  who  had  moved  from  Swan- 
/(•y,  Dartinonth,  etc.;  so  returned  tiie  same  way 
hlial]  he  einne.  When  Ik;  ciime  to  So;irk,„H.sset,  he 
liid  a  sham  put  upon  him  ai)ont  a  Ixiat  [which]  Ijc 
liad  honyht  to  ;^r,,  |„)m('  in,  and  was  forced  to  hire 
two  of  the  friend  Indiaiis  to  paddle  him  in  a  canoe 
(nan  Kli/.aheth  s  •  to  Rhodeisland. 

It  fell  out,  that  as  tliey  were  on  their  voyage  puss- 
iuii,-  hy  So:;konati!  point, f  sonuj  of  tlu;  enemy  were 
iil'o'i  the  rocks  u  fishing.  He  bid  the  Indians  that 
iiiiinayed  tlie  canoe,  to  paddle  so  near  tiie  rocks,  as 
that  he  might  call  to  those  Indians  ;  [and]  told  them, 
that  he  liad  a  gicat  mind  ever  since  the  war  hroke 
out  to  speak  with  some  of  the  Sogkonate  Indians, 
iiUvl  that  thtjy  were;  th(;ir  relations,  and  therefore  th(;y 
need  not  fear  their  hurling  of  them.  And  he  add- 
ed, that,  he  had  a  mighty  conceit,  tiiat  if  he  coidd 
get  ii  fair  opportunity  to  discourse  [witli]  them,  that 
lie  could  draw  them  olf  from  Philip,  for  he  knew 
[that]  they  never  heartily  lov(<d  him.  The  enemy 
hallooed,  and  made  signs  for  tlw?  canoe  to  come  to 
them  ;  hut  when  they  approached  them  they  skulked 
and  hid  in  the  idefts  of  the  rocks.  Then  Mr. 
( 'lunch  ordered  the  canoe  to  he  paddled  olf  again, 
jest,  if  h(!  canie  tf)o  near,  they  should  fire  uponliim. 
Then  the   Indians   appearing'  again,  beckoned  and 

*  Fioni  Woods  li(,!(.  or  Sogkonessct  to  this  islant!  is  1  mile 
t  A  litllf  north  or  this  point   is  a  small  bay  called  Church's 

cove,  and  a  small  capo  ahout  2  miles  further  north  bears  the 

name  of  Church's  point. 


ii' 


:H'i. 


I 

! 


■ 


•re 


PHILIP'S  AVAR. 


called  in  the  Indian  lan(^iia2;e,  and  bid  them  come 
ashore,  for  they  wanted  to  speak  with  [them.]' 
The  Indians  in  the  canoe  answered  them  again,  but 
they  on  the  rocks  tohl  tiiem,  tiiat  the  surf  made  such 
a  noise  against  the  rocks,  [tliat]  they  could  not  hear 
any  thing  they  said.  Then  Mr.  Church  by  signs 
with  his  hands,  gave  [them]  to  understand,  that  he 
would  have  two  of  them  go  down  upon  the  point  of 
the  beach.  (A  place  where  a  man  might  see  who 
was  near  him.)  Accordingly  two  of  them  ran  along 
tlie  beach,  and  met  hint  tliere  without  their  arms ; 
excepting,  that  one  of  tliem  had  a  lance  in  Ids  hand. 
They  urg(Ml  Mr.  Church  to  come  ashore,  for  they 
had  a  grrat  desire  to  have  tome  discourse  with  him. 
lie  tohl  them,  [tliiit]  if  hr,  that  had  his  weapon  in 
his  har.d,  would  carry  it  up  some  distance  upon  the 
beach,  and  leave  it,  he  would  come  ashore  and  dis- 
course [witli]  them.  lie  did  so,  and  Mr.  Church  went 
ashore,  hauled  up  his  canoe,  ordered  one  of  his  Vi- 
dians to  stay  b}  it,  and  the  other  to  walk  above  on 
the  beach,  as  a  sentinel,  to  see  that  the  coasts  were 
clear.  And  when  Mr.  Church  came  up  to  the  In- 
d!  ns,  one  of  them  hap|)cned  to  be  honest  George, 
oi.e  of  tiie  twr,  that  Awashonks  formerly  sent  to  call 
him  to  her  dance,  and  was  so  carefid  to  guard  him 
bad.  fo  his  house  again.  [This  was]  the  last  Sogko- 
n:ite  Indian  he  spoke  with  before  the  war  broke  out. 
He  spok(!  English  very  well.  Mr.  Church  asked  him 
\vh(  re  Awashonks  was?  [He  said]^  "In  a  sv.'anip 
nbnut  three  miles  oft'."  Mr.  Church  asked  him  wliit 
it  was  [thiit  ]  he  wanted,  that  he  hidlooed  and  called 
him  ashort-  ,'  He  answc'red.  ihiit  he  took  him  for 
Cliurcli  iis  soon  as  he  heard  his  voic(;  in  tin;  canoe, 
and  that  he  was  very  glad  to  see  him  alive;  and  he 
believed  his  mistress  would  be  as  glad  to  se(>  him, 
and  «peak  with  him.  He  told  him  finllier,  that  he 
believed  slu  \v;is  not  fond  of  maintiiiniiig  a  wiir  with 
the  English,  and  that  she  had  left  Philip  and  did  not 
1  [luni]  a  [He  told  him] 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


77 


intoiifl  to  return  to  liim  any  more.  He  was  mighty 
earnest  with  Mr.  Churcli  to  tarry  there  while  he 
vvouhl  run  and  call  her;  but  he  told  him  "No,  for 
lie  did  not  know  but  the  Indians  would  come  down 
and  kill  him  before  he  could  get  back  aijain."  He 
said  that,  if  Mounthope,  or  Pocasset  Indians  could 
catch  him,  he  believed  they  would  knock  him  on  the 
head;  but  iiU  Sogkonate  Indians  knew  him  very  well, 
and  he  believed  none  of  them  would  hurt  him.  In 
short,  Mr.  Church  refused,  then,  to  tarry;  but  pro- 
mis(;d  that  he  would  come  over  again  and  speak  with 
Awashonks,  and  some  other  Indians  that  he  hud  a 
mind  to  talk  with. 

Aceordijigly  he  [directed]^  him  to  notify  Avva- 
shoidis,  her  son  Peter,*  their  chief  Captain,  and  one 
Nompaslif  (an  Indian  that  Mr.  Church  had,  former- 
ly, a  particidar  respect  for)  to  meet  him  two  days 
after,  at  a  rock  at  the  lower  end  of  Ca])tain  Ilich- 
mond's;]'  farm,  which  was  a  very  noted  place.  And 
if  that  day  should  prove  stormy,  or  windy,  they  were 
to  expect  him  the  next  moderate  day;  Mr.  Church 
telling  George,  that  he  would  have  him  come  with 
the  persons  mentioned,  and  no  more.  Tliey  gave 
each  (jther  their  hands  upon  it,  [andj  parted. 

Mr.  ("hurch  went  home,  and  the   next  morning  to 

Newport;  and  informed  the  government  of  what  had 

passed  between  him  and  the  S')gkonat(;  Indians;  and 

desired  tlieir  jjcrmit  for  him,  and  Daniel  W'ilcox^  (a 

1  [aiipointrd] 

*  See  note  1,  o-i  page  57. 

t  Jn  anodifr  \>];uf  liis  natiip  is  spolt  Numposli.  He  was 
Cajitain  of  tlif'  Scgkoiuite  or  Seconate  Indians  i.i  "  the  lirst 
PX|H'(li!i()ii  ea>-l." 

t  This  I'dilv  is  noai'  tlio  (valcr  a  little  north  of  where  thi  y 
then  were, 

§  The  fatal  10  Naveniln'r,  1825,  allows  me  only  to  say  of 
this  person  (!ial  (lesccnilnnls  in  ti>e  fourth  pji'ueratioM  (I 
tliink)  are  found  in  Nenbcdford.  See  page  iv,  of  my  pre- 
face. 


JM 


m 


I» 


78 


PHILIP'S   WAIl. 


tnaii  ihiit  wcl!  understood  the  Iiidiiiii  l;iii;iUii;j;(',)  to 
<ro  oviT  to  tlicin.  Tlicy  told  iiiru,  lliiit  tli(  y  tlioiiglit 
Ik;  was  mad  ;  alter  such  s<'r\ic<;  as  lie  !iud  done,  and 
such  dangers  that  he  [had]  esca|)e(l,  now  to  throw 
away  his  lil'e;  forthi'  ro/^ues  would  sis  certandv  kill 
him  as  (ner  hv.  went  over.  And  utterly  refused  to 
•iraiit  his  permit,  or  to  he  willing  that  he  shoukl  run 
the  risk. 

Mr.  (Tiurch  told  them,  tlia<,  it  ev(>r  had  Ixmmi  in 
his  thouiihts,  since  the  war  hroke  out,  that  if  he 
could  discourse  the  Sookonate  lMdian>.  he  could  draw 
them  oil"  from  Philip,  and  employ  them  aii'ainst  him; 
but  could  not,  til!  now,  never  have  an  opportunity  to 
.>peak  with  any  of  them,  and  Wiis  verv  loath  to  lose; 
it,  vtc.  At  leiiL'lh  they  told  him.  [thatj  if  he  would 
go,  it  should  he  only  with  the  two  Indians  that  came 
with  him;  hut  they  would  give  him  no  permit  under 
their  hands. 

]lc  took  his  leave  of  IIkmii,  nssolving  to  prosecute 
his  design.  They  told  him,  they  were  sorry  to  see 
him  so  resolute,  nor  if  lie  W'  iit  did  they  ever  expect 
to  see  his  fac<>  again. 

He  bought  a  bottle   of  rum,  and  a   small  roll   of 


tol 


>acco,    to   carry   with   him,    and   returned  to.  his 


family 

'I'lie  next  (lay,  being  the  day  appointed  for  the 
meetiiiii,  h(!  prepared  two  light  canoes  for  the  de- 
sign, and  his  own  man  with  the  two  Indians  for  his 
coiripany.  He  us(mI  such  arguments  with  his  tender 
a^.id  now  almost  broken  heart(;d  wife,  from  the  exjx;- 
rieiice  of  former  preservations,  and  the  prospect  of 
the  great  service  Ik;  might  do,  (might  it  please  (lud 
lo  siicc(M'd  his  design,    cVlc.,)   that 


obtained  her 


consent  to   his  attempt.     And   ciMiiinitling  her,    tlu! 
babes,    and  himself  t'>  heaveirs   protection,   lu;  set 


out. 


Th"}  had,  from  the  sliore,  a*l)out  a  league  to  [)ad- 
dle.  Drawing  near  the  place,  ihey  saw  tl-ie  Indians 
fcitting  on  tlic   bank,  waiting  for  their  coming-.     Mr 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


79 


Clnirch  sent  one  of  his  Indiiins  ashore  in  one  of  the 
ciuiofs  t«»  see  whotlier  they  were  the  same  Indians 
whom  lie  had  appointed  to  meet  him,  and  no  more  : 
And  if  so,  to  stay  asliorc  and  send  George  to  fetch 
him.  Aceordins'Iv  (leorjie  came  and  fetched  Mr. 
Chnrcli  asliore,  while  tlie  other  canoe  played  on  to 
see  tiie  event,  and  to  carry  tidings,  if  the  Indians 
slioidd  prove  false. 

Mr.  Church  asked  George  whether  Awashonks 
and  tiie  otiier  Indians  [that]  he  appointed  to  meet 
liim  were  tiiere?  He  answered  [tiuit]  tliey  were, 
lie  theti  asked  him  if  there  were  no  more  tlian  they, 
whom  he  appointed  to  be  there  1  To  which  he 
would  give  no  direct  answer.  However,  he  went 
ashore  ;  when  he  was  no  sooner  landed,  hut  Awa- 
shonks  and  the  rest  that  he  had  appointed  to  meet 
him  there,  rose  npand  came  down  to  meet  him;  and 
each  of  th(!m  successivcdy  gave  him  tiieir  hands,  and 
e\|)n^ssed  themselves  glad  to  see  him,  and  gave  him 
thanl;s  for  exposing  liimself  to  visit  them.  They 
walked  together  about  a  gun  shot  from  the  water, 
to  a  convenient  place  to  sit  down,  where  at  once 
ros(!  up  a  great  body  of  Indians,  who  had  lain  hid 
in  the  grass,  (that  was  [as]  high  as  a  man's  waist; 
and  g:itlu>n>d  round  them,  til!  tliey  Iiad  closed  them 
in  ;  being  all  armed  with  guns,  spears,  hatchets,  A-c. 
with  their  hairs  trimmed,  and  i'l'oes  piviuted,  in  their 
vvarlilce  appearance. 

It  wa~:  doubtless  somewhat  siu'pvi'^mg  to  our  gen- 
tliinim  at  first,  but  without  any  visible  discovery  of 
it,  after  a  nmall  silent  pause  on  each  side,  bespoke 
to  Awashouks,  and  told  iici,  that  George  had  inform- 
ed him  that  she  had  a  desire  to  see  him,  and  dis- 
cou'-sc  about  makiun'  peace;  with  the  English,,  She 
answered  "  Ves."  "Then."  said  Mr.  Churcii,  "  il  is 
customary  when  p(!0[)le  meet  to  treat  of  peace,  to 

ay  aside  their  arms,  and  not  to  appear  in  such  hos- 
tile form  as  your  people  do."  [He]  desired  of  her, 
that  if  they  might  talk  about  peace,  which  he  desir- 


HMy 


s     *' 


80 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


e<l  they  mlglit,  her  men  ini^ht  lay  aside  tlieir  arms, 
and  aj)|)ear  more  treatable.  Upon  wliieli  there  be- 
i^uu  a  considerable  noise  and  murmur  anioni^  tliern 
in  tlieir  own  langua<fe,  till  Awashonks  asked  him 
what  arms  they  should  lay  down,  and  where"/  He 
(perceiving  the  Indians  looked  very  surly  and  nnivU 
displeased)  replied,  '  Oidy  their  guns  at  souk;  small 
distance,  lor  formality's  sake."  Uj)on  which  witii  one 
consent,  they  laid  aside  thoir  guns  and  came  and  sat 
down. 

Mr.  Church  ])ulled  out  his  calabash,  and  asked 
Awash'.nks  v.liether  she  had  lived  so  long  at  Wetu- 
set,*  as  to  forget  to  drink  occanechrs  ?f  and  drink- 
ing to  lit  r,  he  perceived  that  she  watched  hini  very 
diligently,  to  see  (as  he  thought)  whether  he  :  wal- 
lowed any  of  the  rum.  He  otVered  her  the  shell, 
but  she  desired  him  to  drink  ngain  fir^•♦.  lie  tlien 
t(dd  her,  [tluitj  ihere  was  no  |)ois(»n  in  it;  and  ]iour- 
ing  some  into  the  j)a]m  of  his  hand,  sipped  it  up. 
And  took  the  M'iell  and  drank  to  her  agan,  and  drank 
a  good  swig,  which  indeed  w;is  no  more  ihan  he 
needed.  Then  th(;y  all  standing  up,  he  s;iid  to 
Awashoidis,  '"You  wont  d'ink  for  ftar  there  should 
be  poison  in  it."  and  then  handed  it  to  a  little  il! 
looking  fellow,  who  catched  it  readily  enough,  and 
as  greedily  would  have  swallowi'd  th<-  rKpior  when  he 
had  it  at  his  nmuth.  'hit  Mr.  Church  catched  him 
by  the  throat,  and  took  it  from  him,  asking  him 
whether  he  intended  to  swallow  shell  and  ail.'  and 
then  han(i('<l  it  to  Awashonks.  She  ventured  to  i;\\iv. 
!!  good  heaitv  dram,  and  passed  it  among  her  atten- 
diints. 

'J"he  shell  being  emptied,  he  pulled  out  his  t*- 
bacco ;  and  having  distributed  it,  tliey  began  lo 
talk. 

Awashonks  demanded  of  him  the  r(\ason,  why  he 
liafl  not  (agrti  alilr  tn  his  promise  wIk  n  she  saw  him 

•  Wai.'husrt.     Sro  nolo  1,  nii  p.  6!'. 

■f  Coiimioi\ly  lu'aril  as  tliougl.  wrMten  okajjc,  or  or!riji\ 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


81 


last.)  been  down  at  Sogkoiiato  before  now  7  Saying, 
tliat  probably  if  he  had  come  then,  aecording  to  his 
promise,  they  had  never  joined  with  Philip  against 
the  J'^iiglish. 

He  told  her  [that]  he  was  prevented  by  the  war's 
breaking  out  so  suddenly  ;  aiul  yet,  he  was  after- 
wards coming  down,  and  came  as  far  as  Punkulees, 
w  here  a  great  many  Indians  set  upon  him,  and  fought 
him  a  whole  afternoon,  though  lie  did  not  come  pre- 
piired  to  ligiit,  [and]  had  but  nineteen  men  with  him, 
whose  chit.'l"  design  was  to  gain  an  opportunity  to 
discourse  some  Sogkonate  Indians.  Upon  this  there 
at  once  arose  a  mighty  niurnun-,  confused  noise  and 
talk  among  the  fierce  looking  creatures,  and  all  ris- 
ing up  in  a  hubbub.  And  a  great  surly  looking  fel- 
low took  up  his  tomhog.  or  wooden  cutlass  to  kill 
Mr.  Cliin-ch,  but  soir.e  others  jjrcvented  him. 

The  interpreter  asked  iMr.  Chinch,  if  ho  under- 
stood what  it  was  that  the  great  fellow  fthey  had 
hold  of)  said?  lie  answered  him"No."^  '-Why" 
said  the  interpreter,  '■  ho  says  [that]  you  killed  his 
brother  at  Punkatees,  and  therefore  he  thirsts  for 
your  blcod."  Mr.  Clnirch  l)id  the  interpreter  tell 
him  that  his  brother  began  first;  that  if  he  had  kept 
at  Sogkonate,  according  to  iiis  desire  and  order,  he 
shoidd  not  iiave  liurt  him. 

'riicn  th<>  chief (*aj)tain  coiiiiiianded  silence;  and 
told  them  that  they  shmdd  t;dk  no  mon^  about  old 
things,  S:v.,  and  (lui-lh  d  the  tumult,  so  that  they  sat 
dov^n  again,  and  begnu  upon  a  discourse  ol  making 
jxMce  with  the  i'Jiglisli.  Mr.  Church  asked  them  what 
p!oj)osals  they  would  luak.'.  and  on  what  terms  they 
would  break  their  leagu*'  with  Philii)  ?  Desiring 
them  to  make  some  proposals  that  he  might  carry  to 
his  masters:  telling  t!i'  in  tliiit  it  was  not  in  his  pow- 
er to  conclude  a  peac  >vith  them,  but  that  he  knew 
that  if  their  proposals  w  re  reasonable,  the  govern- 
FUcMt  would  not  l)e  imnasonable  :  and  that  he  would 
use'  his  interest  with  the  government  for  them ;  and 
1)  G 


•^L^H-1 


.it 


lit^ 


83 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


to  encourage  tlicrn  to  proceed,  p\it  tlictn  in  mind 
that  the  Poiiuots*  once  niade  war  with  the  Rn;.Hish, 
and  that  after  they  subjected  tlieniselves  to  llie  l''.n^- 
lish,  the  Englisli  became  their  |)r()tect()rs,'  and  de- 
fended them  against  other  nationsf  that  would  oti  (;/- 
wise  have  destroyed  tliem,  &.c. 

After  some  further  discourse  iind  debate  he  brought 
them  at  length  to  consent,  that  if  the  government  of 
Plymouth  would  firmly  engage  to  them,  that  they 
and  all  of  them,  and  their  wives  and  childr<ii  should 
have  their  lives  spared,  and  none  of  them  transport- 
ed out  of  the  country,  they  would  sul)ject  tht.'mselves 
to  them,  and  serve  them,  in  what  they  were  able. 

Then  Mr.  Church  told  them,  that  he  wiis  well 
satisfied  the  government  of  Plymouth  w'oidd  readily 
concur  with  what  they  proposed,  and  would  sign 
their  articles.  And  complim<  nting  them  upon  it, 
how  pleased  he  was  with  the  thouglits  of  their  rv- 
turn,  and  of  the  former  friendship  that  had  been  be- 
tween them,  A:  c. 

Tlie  chief  Captain  rose  up,  and  expressed  the 
great  value  and  res|)ect  \n)  had  for  Mr.  t'hurch  ;  and 
bowing  to  him,  said,  "  l^ir,  if  you  will  please  to  ac- 
cept of  me  and  my  men,  and  will  lu  ad  us,  we  will 
fight  for  you,  and  will  help  you  to  Phili])'s  head  b(.'- 
f'ore  the  Indian  corn  be  rij)e."  And  when  Ik."  had 
ended, they  all  expressed  their  consent  to  whiit  h»; 
said,  and  told  Mr.  Church  [that]  they  loved  hinj, 
and  were  willing  to  go  with  him,  and  tight  for  hiwi 
as  long  as  the  English  had  one  enemy  left  in  the 
country. 

Mr.  Church  assured  them,  that  if  they  proved  as 
ijood  as  their  word,  they  should  find  him  theirs,  and 
their  children's  fast  friend.  And  (by  the  way)  the 
friendship  is  m;iintained  between  them  to  this  day. J 

•  See  a  history  of  this  war  in  the  Anjiendix,  No.  IV. 

t  The  Narragansols.     See  i':rst  nolo  to  Piiilip's  \\  ar. 

I  1716.  Tlu'y  consisted  now,  prolr.ilily  of  no  more  than 
200  jierson>. 


I'll  I  LIP'S  WAR, 


83 


Tlii'ii  li(!  iir(>i><»s((l  milo  tlii'in,  tlmt  tlioy  should 
clioosi'  live  lucn  t(»  go  stiiiit  witli  him  to  Plymoutli. 
'J'hcv  tohl  hill!  "  i\o,  they  wouhl  ii(»t  choose,  hut  lie 
siioiild  tiike  wliieli  five  he  pleased. "  Some  coiu|)li- 
ineiits  passed  ahout  it,  at  leiigtli  it  was  agreed<<  [that] 
th(^y  shoidd  choctso  three,  and  he  two.  Then  he 
agreed  tiiat  he  wouhl  go  back  to  the  island  that 
niglit,  and  would  come  to  them  the  next  morning, 
and  go  through  tin;  woods  to  Plymouth.  But  they 
afterwards  ol)ji:cted,  [for]^  his  travelling  through 
the  woods  would  not  be  safe  for  him;  [that]  the 
enemy  might  meet  with  them  and  kill  him,  and  then 
lliey  should  lose  their  friend  and  the  whole  design 
[would  be]  ruined  beside.  And  therefore  proposed 
that  he  should  come  in  an  English  vessel,  and  they 
would  meet  him,  and  come  on  board  at  Sogkonate 
jxiint,  and  sail  from  thence  to  Sandwich,  which  in 
tine  was  concluded  upon. 

So  Mr.  Church  promising  to  come  as  soon  as  he 
coidd  possibly  obtain  a  vessel,  and  then  they  parted. 

lie  returne<l  to  the  island  and  was  at  great  pains 
an<l  charge  to  get  a  vessel ;  but  with  unaccountable 
disappointiuenls,  sometimes  by  the  falseness,  and 
sometimes  by  the  faintheartedness  of  men  that  he 
bargained  with,  and  something  by  wind  and  weather. 
A;c.:  Until  at  h'ligth  Mr.  Anthony  Low*  put  in  to 
the  harbour  with  a  loaded  vessel  bound  to  tiie 
westward  and  being  mud«>  acciuainted  with  Mr 
('hurch's  case,  told  him.  that  he  had  so  nuich  kind- 
nd  was   so  pleased   with  th(!   business 


was   so  pleased   wi 
1  in.  that  he  would  run  the  venture  of 


ness  lor  nun,  a 
iie  was  engage( 
his  vessel  and  cargo  to  wait  upon  iiini. 

Accordingly,  next  morning  they  M't  sail  with  a 
wind  that  sooii  brought  them  to  Sogkonate  point, 
liut  coming  there  they  me!  with  a  contrary  wind, 
and  a  great  swelling  sea. 

1 


[that] 


*  After  iimrh  sfarcii  I  ciin  ascertain  nothiiig  of  this  person. 
rin'  uain<»  i>  (.omiiioii  in  mir  .-ouiitry  at  •.liisday. 


m 


it  n 


!i 


w '.; 


li'  1  -'. 


m 


84  PHILIP'S   WAR. 

The  Iinliiins  \v(>re  tlirro  wiiitiiiij  iipnn  llip  rorks, 
but  Iiad  iiolliing  l>ul  a  inis»M!il)lc  luokcii  canoe  to 
got  aboard  in  ;  yet  Petor  Awaslmnks  ventured  ofViu 
it,  and  with  a  ii;r''at  deal  of'  dilTu  uhy  and  (hinifcr 
got  aboard.  And  by  this  tiinu  it  began  to  ruin  and 
blow  e.\ce(>dingly,  itnd  forced  them  .up  tlic  sound ; 
and  tlien  L''i«'yJ  went  awa}  through  Ibistol  K-rry, 
round  the  ishuul  to  Newj)ort,  carrying  Peter  with 
them. 

'J'heii  Mr.  Chureli  dismissed  Mr.  Low,  and  toh? 
him,  tliat  inasmuch  as  Provi(hMU'(!  oj^posed  his  going 
by  water,  and  he  iwpected  that  the  army  wouhl  be 
up  in  a  i'cw  days,  and  probiil)ly,  if  lie  should  be  gone 
at  iha!  jun(;fure,  it  might  ruin  the  whole  design  ;  [he] 
would  theref(»re  yield  his  voyage. 

•n  he  writ  tht;  account  of  his  transactions  with 


ernour, 


saw 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


86 


wl    ;     of  his  procei  dings  with  the  Sogkontite  In- 
ditin- 

Wuh  the  Major's  con<!ent  and  advice,  he  returned 
again  next  morning  to  the  ishind  in  order  to  go  over 
that  way  to  Awashonks,  to  inform  her  that  the  army 
was  arrived,  itc. 

Accordingly  from  Sachuecsct  neck*  he  went  in  a 
canoe  to  Sogk'Uial.e  [He]  tokl  her  tliat  Major 
liriidlord  was  arrived  ai  Pocasset  with  a  grciat  army, 
wliom  lie  liad  infornicd  of  all  the  proceedings  with 
her;  that  if  she  n'ould  be  advised,  and  observe  order, 
she  nor  he.  peuplt;  need  not  to  fear  being  hurt  by 
them  ;  told  her  [thi  *]  she  should  call  all  her  people 
down  into  the  necK,  lest  if  they  should  be  found 
strimiiTniir  iib<nit,niischirfmi<iht  li"ht  on  them;  that 
on  the  morrow  they  would  cf)me  down  and  receive 
iier  and  give  her  f.ntlu'r  orders. 

She  i)romised  to  get  as  many  of  her  people  to- 
g(-ther  as  possibly  sIk;  could  ;  (hisiring  ISIr.  Church 
to  consider  that  it  would  be  dillicult  for  to  get  them 
together  at  such  sl.ort  warning. 

Mr.  Clnuv-h  ret^irnelto  the  island  and  to  the  army 
the  same  night. 

The  next  morningf  the  whole  army  marched  to- 
wards Sogkonate,  as  far  as  Punkatees,  and  Mr. 
Cimrch  with  a  few  .>/  ;<  went  dowri  to  Sogkonate  to 
call  Awashonks  autl  icr  people,  to  come  uj)  to  the 
I'lnglish  camp.  As  h  :  was  going  down  they  met 
with  a  Pocasset  Ini'ian,  who  had  kilhul  a  cow,  and 
got  a  ([uarter  of  her  on  his  back,  and  her  tongue  in 
his  pocket.  [He]'  gave  them  an  account,  that  he 
came  from  Pocass(>t  two  days  since  in  com|)any  with 
his  mother,  and  se\  .>ral  other  Indians,  now  hid  in  a 
swamp  above  Nontpii'i.  J  Disarming  of  him,  he  sent 
him  by  two  men  to  ?'  :jor  Bradford,  and  proceeded 

1  [who] 

•  (The  southeast  corner  of  Ilhoilcisland.) 
t  July  13  f  (in  Tivertou.) 


;  •  ii'." 


.*;tf 


I  ^L :  a! 


66 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


to  Socrkonate.     Tliry  siiw  scvorjil  I  .'liii's  by  tlic  way 
ftklllkiii^  ;il)()Ut  l»ut  let  tliciii  [iiiss. 

Arriving  at  Awnslionks  ("mi|),  [lie]  told  her  [that] 
h(!  was  I'omo  to  invite  her  and  licr  people  up  to  I'un- 
katees,*  where  Maj(tr  Uradlonl  now  was  with  iho 
Plymouth  army,  e.\|)ectin<|  her  and  Ikt  suhjeets  to 
receive  or<iers,  until  liirther order  could  he  had  iVoni 
the  ^^overnuKMit.  Slie  complied,  and  soon  sent  out 
orders  for  such  of  hersuhji  cts  as  were  iiot  with  her, 
inunediately  to  come  in.  And  hy  twelve  o'clock  of 
next  day,  she  with  njost  of  her  numix  r  appeared 
hefore  the  I'lnjflish  camp  at  i'lmkatees.  Mr.  Chureii 
himself  to]  the  Major  to  serve  undiir  his 
commission,  provided  the  Indians  mi;:lit  he  accepted 
with  him,  to  flight  the  enemy.     'The  Major  told  him, 

fthatj  liis  orders  were  to  improve  hin>  if  he  pleased, 
nil  as  fir  the  Indians   he  would   not   he    concerned 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


87 


They  being  gone,  Mr.  Cluirclj  by  the  help  of  his 
mnn  Tuby,  (tlie  Indiiiii  ulioin  lio  had  tiiki.n  prisoner 
as  ho  wiis  going  down  to  Sogkoniitd)  took  said  To- 
by's mother,  and  those;  that  were  with  her,  prisonc  rs. 

Next  morning  thowholo  army  inovc'd  back  to  l*o- 
casset.     This  Tol)\    "nl.  -med  them  that   there  wero 


a  great  many  In*' 
cat  ehitns ;  (othei 
tiicm)  that  Philip 
or  four  (hiys  at  tii 
Indians  tlu^y  were 
more's    Indians;    sonu; 
Narraganset  Indians  ; 


orw  down    to  VVe|)()iset*  to 

IS  being  V(!ry  scarce  with 

expected  vvitiiin  three 

e.     Being  asked    what 

vered,   "  Some  Weeta- 

Al<    uitiiopc   Indians ;    some 

and    somi!  other  uplard    In- 


dians ;  in  all,  about  three  hundred." 

The  Rhod(!island  boats,  by  the  Major's  order, 
m(!eting  them  at  Pocasset,  they  wore  soon  embarked. 
It  being  just  in  the  dusk  of  the  evening,  they  could 
])lainly  discover  the  enemies'  fires  at  the  place  the 
Indian  directed  to,  and  the  army  concluded  no  other, 
hut  [that]  they  were  bound  directly  thither,  until 
tii(;y  came  to  the  north  end  of  the  island  and  heard 
the  word  of  command  for  the  boats  to  bear  away. 

Mr.  Church  was  very  fond  of  having  this  probable 
opportunity  of  surprising  that  whole  company  of  In- 
dians embraced;  but  orders,  it  was  said  must  be 
ob(!yed,  which  were  to  go  to  Mounthope,  and  there 
to  light  Philip. 

Tiiis  with  some  otlier  good  opportunities  of  doing 
spoil  upon  the  enemy,  being  unhapi)ily  missed, f  Mr. 
Churcli  obtained  the  Major's  consent  to  meet  the 
Soglvonate  Indians,  according  to  his  promise.  He  was 
otfcrcd  a  guard  to  Plymouth,  but  chose  to  go  with 
on(!  num  only,  who  was  a  good  pilot. 

About  sunset,J  he,  with  Sabin;,  his  pilot,  mounted 

*  In  Swaiizey. 

t  The  cause  of  this  ill  limed  manicuvre  of  the  army  must 
reiiuiina  mystery.  J  July  20. 

§  As  this  name  does  not  occur  any  where  olse  in  this  histo- 
ry, it  is  not  prohable  that  he  served  regularly  in  that  capa- 
city 


li 


.^•> 

^.^ 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


•  JO     "^ 
IL 


1^ 

12.2 


lAO 


■ 


2.0 


1.8 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


A 


1.25  Iju 

m 

< 

6"     - 

► 

m 


\ 


<>? 


<^ 


V 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREiT 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  873-4S03 


^ 


6^ 


68 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


their  horses  at  Rehoboth,  where  the  army  now  was, 
and  by  two  hours  by  sun  next  morning,  arrived  safe 
at  Plymouth.  And  by  that  time  tliey  had  refreshed 
themselves,  the  Governour  and  Treasurer*  came  to 
town.  Mr.  Church  gave  them  a  short  account  of  the 
affairs  of  the  army,  &.c.  His  honour  was  pleased  to 
give  him  thanks  for  the  good  and  great  service  he 
had  done  at  Sogkonate ;  [and]  told  him,  [that]  he 
had  confirmed  all  that  he  liod  promised  Avvashonks, 
and  had  sent  the  Indian  back  again  that  [had] 
brought  his  letter. f  He  asked  his  honour  whether 
he  had  any  thing  later  from  Awushonks?  He  told 
him  [that]  he  had  not.  Whereupon  he  gave  his 
honour  an  account  of  the  Major's  orders  relating  to 
her  and  hers,  and  what  discourse  had  passed  pro  and 
con,  about  them ;  and  that  he  had  promised  to  meet 
them,  and  that  he  had  encouraged  them  that  he 
thought  he  might  obtain  of  his  honour  a  connnission 
to  lead  them  forth  to  fight  Philip.  His  honour  smi- 
lingly told  him,  that  he  should  not  want  commission 
if  he  would  accept  it,  nor  yet  good  Englishmen 
enough  to  make  up  a  good  army. 

But  in  short  he  told  his  honour  [that]  the  time  had 
expired  that  he  had  appointed  to  meet  the  Sogko- 
nates  at  Sandwich.  The  Governour  asked  him 
when  he  would  go"?  He  told  him,  that  afternoon  by 
his  honour's  leave.  The  Governour  asked  him  how 
many  men  he  would  have  with  him"?  He  answered, 
not  above  half  a  dozen;  with  an  order  to  take  more 
at  Sandwich,  if  he  saw  cause,  and  horses  provided. 
He  no  sooner  moved  it,  but  had  his  number  of  men 
tendering  to  go  with  hnn ;  among  [whom]  *  were  Mr. 

1  [which] 


*  Mr.  Southworth. 

t  This  letter  contained  an  answer  to  the  account  of  his 
meeting  Awashonks,  before  relatsd,  which  was  sent  from  the 
island  by  Peter. 


PHILIP'S  WAR.  ' 


89 


JabezIIovvland,*and  Nathaniel  Soathworth.f  They 
wtjiit  to  Sandwich  that  night,  where  Mr.  Church  (with 
need  enough)  took  a  nap  of  sleep.  The  next  morn- 
ing, with  about  sixteen  or  eighteen  men,  he  proceed- 
ed as  far  as  Agawom,f  where  they  had  great  expec- 
tation of  meeting  the  Indians,  but  met  them  not. 
His  men  being  discouraged,  about  half  of  them  re- 
turned. Only  half  a  dozen  stuck  by  him,  and  pro- 
mised so  to  do  until  they  should  meet  with  the  In- 
dians. 

When  they  came  lo  Sippican'  river,  Mr.  How- 
land  began  to  tire,  upon  which  Mr.  Church  left  him 
and  two  more,  for  a  reserve,  at  the  river;  that  if  he 
should  meet  with  enemies,  and  be  forced  back,  they 
might  be  ready  to  assist  them  in  getting  over  the 
river.  Proceeding  in  their  march,  they  crossed 
another  river,  and  opened  a  great  bay,||  where  they 
might  sec  many  miles  along  shore,  w^here  were  sands 
and  flats ;  and  hearing  a  great  noise  below  them,  to- 
wards the  sea,  they  dismounted  their  horses ;  left 
them,  and  creeped  among  the  bushes,  until  they 
came  near  ti^e  bank,  and  saw  a  vast  company  of  In- 

*  Little  more  than  the  pages  of  this  history  furnish,  am  I 
able  to  comnmnicate  of  the  worthy  Rowland.  More,  but 
for  «he  fatal  winds,  or  more  fatal  flames  of  Courtstreet  might 
have  bf'cn  told.  Fe  was  a  son  of  the  venerable  John  How- 
land  of  Carver's  family,  (whose  name  is  the  13th  to  that 
memorable  instrument,  or  first  foundation  of  government  in 
Newengland,  which  may  be  seen  in  Appendix,  III,  with  the 
other  signers.)  As  I  am  informed  by  my  worthy  friend,  Mr. 
Isaac  Howlano  of  Westport,  who  is  ulso  a  desclendant. 

t  This  gentleman  was  with  Mr.  Church  in  his  first  and 
second  expeditions  to  the  eastward,  as  will  be  seen  in  those 
expeditions,     I  learn  nothing  more  of  him. 

f  A  small  river  in  Rochester,  Several  places  were  known 
by  this  name.      Our  Plymouth  fathers  proposed  to  go  to  a 

1>lace  about  twenty  leagues  to  the  northward,  known  to  them 
»y  the  name  of  Agawam,  (now  Ipswich.)     Morton,  20. 
§  (Rochester.) 
II  Buzzard's  bay. 


90 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


dians,  of  all  ages  and  sexes ;  some  on  horseback 
running  races;  some  at  football ;  some  catching  eela 
and  flat  fish  in  the  water;  some  clamming,  &.c. ; 
but,  which  way,  with  safety,  to  find  out  what  Indians 
they  v/ere,  they  were  at  a  loss. 

But  at  length,  retiring  into  a  thicket,  Mr.  Church 
hallooed  to  them.  They  soon  answered  him,  and  a 
coui)le  of  smart  young  fellows,  well  mounted,  came 
upon  a  full  career  to  see  whom  it  might  be  that  ciill- 
ed,  and  came  just  upon  Mr.  Ciunch  before  they  dis- 
covered him.  But  when  they  perceived  themselves 
so  near  Englishmen,  and  armed,  were  much  surpris- 
ed; and  tacked  short  about  to  run  as  fast  back  as 
tliey  came  forward,  until  one  of  the  men  in  the  bushes 
called  to  them,  and  told  them  his  name  was  Church, 
and  [they]  need  not  fear  his  hurting  of  them.  Upon 
which  after  a  small  pause,  they  turned  .ibout  their 
horses,  and  came  up  to  him.  One  of  them  that 
could  speak  English,  Mr.  Church  took  aside  and  ex- 
amined ;  who  informed  him,  that  the  Indians  below 
were  Awashonks  and  her  company,  and  that  Jack 
Havens  was  among  them ;  whom  Mr.  Church  imme- 
diately sent  for  to  come  to  him,  and  ordered  the  mes- 
senger to  inform  Awashonks  that  he  w^as  come  to 
meet  her.  Jack  Havens  soon  came,  and  by  that 
time  Mr.  Church  had  asked  hi""  a  few  questions,  and 
had  been    satisfied  by  him.  it  was  Awashonks 

and  her  company  that  were  h  -.  .,  and  that  Jack  had 
been  kindly  treated  by  them,  a  company  of  Indiuns 
all  mounted  on  horseback,  and  well  armed,  nune 
riding  up  to  Mr.  Church,  but  treated  him  with  all 
due  respects.  Pf"  then  ordered  Jack  to  go  [and] 
t(.'ll  Awashonks,  tiiat  he  d(;signed  to  sup  with  her  in 
the  evening,  and  to  lodge  in  her  camp  that  night. 
Then  taking  some  of  the  Indians  with  him,  he  went 
back  to  the  river  to  take  care  of  Mr.  Howh.nd. 

Mr.  Church  having  a  mind  to  try  what  mettle  he 
was  made  of,  imparted  his  notion  to  the  Indians  that 
were  with  him,  and  gave  them  directions  how  to  act 


v 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


91 


their  parts.  When  he  came  pretty  near  the  place, 
he  and  his  Englishmen  pretendedly  fled,  firing  on 
their  retreat  towards  the  Indians  that  pursued  them, 
and  they  firing  as  fast  after  them.  Mr.  Hovvland 
being  upon  his  guard,  hearing  the  guns,  and  by  and 
by  seeing  the  motion  both  of  the  English  and  In- 
dians, concluded  [that]  his  friends  were  distressed, 
and  was  soon  on  the  full  career  on  horseback  to  meet 
them ;  [when]'  he  [perceived]^  their  laughing,  [and] 
mistrusted  the  truth. 

As  soon  as  Mr.  Church  had  given  him  the  news, 
they  hastened  away  to  Awashonks.  .Upon  their  ar- 
rival, they  were  immediately  conducted  to  a  shelter 
open  on  one  side  whither  Awashonks  and  her  chiefs 
soon  came,  and  paid  their  respects ;  and  the  multi- 
tudes gave  shouts  as  made  the  heavens  to  ring. 

It  being  now  about  sunsetting,  or  near  the  dusk 
of  the  evening,  the  Netops*  came  running  from  all 
quarters  loaden  with  the  tops  of  dry  pines,  and  the 
like  combustible  matter,  making  a  huge  pile  there- 
of, near  Mr.  Church's  shelter,  on  the  open  side 
thereof  But  by  this  time  supper  was  brought  in. 
in  three  dishes ;  viz.,  a  curious  young  bass  in  one 
dish ;  eels  and  flat  fish  in  a  second ;  and  shell  fish 
in  a  third.  But  neither  bread  nor  salt  to  be  seen  at 
table.  But  by  that  time  supper  was  over,  tiie  mighty 
pile  of  pine  knots  and  tops,  &c.,  was  fired ;  and  all 
the  Indians,  great  and  small,  gathered  in  a  ring 
round  it,  Awashonks,  with  the  oldest  of  her  people, 
men  and  women  mixed,  kneeling  down,  made  the 
first  ring  next  the  fire ;  and  all  the  lusty  stout  men, 
1  [until]  2  [perceiving] 

•  This  name  is  used  by  our  author,  I  suspect,  in  the  same 
sense  as  otlier  writers  use  that  of  sannop.  See  Winthrop's 
Journal,  sub  anno  1630,  and  Hubbard,  Nar.  30,  where  it  ap- 
pears to  bean  Indian  word  employed  by  the  sachems  as  a 
common  name  for  their  men.  The  latter  author  spelt  it 
Bannap.  Nipnet  was  a  general  name  for  all  inland  Indians 
between  the  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  river.     Ibid.  15 


I 


93 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


standing  up,  made  the  next,  and  then  all  the  rabble 
in  a  confused  crew,  surrounded,  on  the  outside. 

Then  the  chief  Captain  stepped  in  between  the 
rings  and  the  fire,  with  a  spear  in  one  hand,  and  a 
hatchet  in  the  otlier  ;  danced  round  the  fire,  and  be- 
gan to  fight  with  it;  making  mention  of  all  the  seve- 
ral nations  and  companies  of  Indians  in  the  coun- 
try, that  were  enjmies  to  the  English.  And  at 
naming  of  every  particular  tribe  of  Indians,  he  would 
draw  oqt  and  fight  a  new  firebrand;  and  at  finishing 
his  fight  with  each  particular  firebrand,  would  bow 
to  him,  and  thank  hirh ;  and  when  he  had  named  all 
the  several  nations  and  tribes,  and  fought  them  all, 
he  stuck  down  his  spear  and  hatchet,  and  came  out, 
and  another  steptin,  and  acted  over  the  same  dance, 
with  more  fury,  if  possible,  than  the  first;  and  when 
about  half  a  dozen  of  their  chiefs  had  thus  acted  their 
parts,  the  Captain  of  the  guard  stept  up  to  Mr. 
Church,  and  told  him,  [that]  they  were  making  sol- 
diers for  him,  and  what  they  had  been  doing  was  all 
one  [as]  swearing  of  them.  And  having  in  that 
manner  engaged  all  the  stout  lusty  men,  Awashonks 
and  her  chiefs  came  to  Mr.  Church,  and  told  him, 
that  now  they  were  all  engaged  to  fight  for  the  Eng- 
lisli,  and  [that]  he  might  call  forth  all,  or  any  of 
them,  at  any  time,  as  he  saw  occasion,  to  fight  the 
enemy.  And  [then]  presented  him  v/ith  a  very  fine 
firelock. 

Mr.  Church  accepts  their  offer,  drew  out  a  num- 
bijr  of  them,  and  set  out  next  morning  before  day 
for  Plyniouth,  where  they  arrived  the  same  day. 

The  Governour  being  informed  of  it,  came  early 
to  town*  next  morning  ;f  and  by  that  time,  he  had 
Englishmen  enough  to  make  a  good  company,  when 
joined  witli  Mr.  Church's  Ind.ans,  that  offered  th^jir 

■•  The  Governour  resided  at  Marshlield  a  few  milea  north 
of  Plymouth, 

t  July  23. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


93 


voluntary  service,  to  go  under  his  command  in  quest 
of  the  enemy.  The  Governour  then  gave  him  a 
commission  which  is  as  follows. 

" Captain  Benjamin  Church,  you  aie  hereby  n  •• 
minated,  ordered,  commissioned,  and  empowered  to 
raise  a  company  of  volunteers  of  about  two  hundred 
men,  English  and  Indians ;  the  English  not  exceed- 
ing the  number  of  sixty,  of  which  company,  or  so 
many  of  them  as  you  can  obtain,  or  shall  see  cause  at 
present  to  improve,  you  are  to  take  the  command, 
conduct,  and  to  lead  them  forth  now  and  hereafter, 
at  such  time,  and  unto  such  places  within  this  colony, 
or  elsewhere  within  the  confederate  colonies,  as  you 
shall  th'.nk  fit ;  to  discover,  pursue,  fight,  surprise, 
destroy,  or  subdue  our  Indian  enemies,  or  any  part 
or  parties  of  them,  that  by  the  providence  of  God 
you  may  meet  with,  or  them,  or  any  of  them,  by 
treaty  and  composition  to  receive  to  mercy,  if  you  see 
re!)st  n,  (provided  they  be  not  murderous  rogues,  or 
sucli  as  imve  been  principal  actors  in  those  villanies.) 
And  forasmuch  as  your  company  may  be  uncertain, 
and  the  persons  often  changed,  you  are  also  here- 
by empowered  with  the  advice  of  your  company,  to 
choose  and  commissionate  a  Lieutenant,  and  to  es- 
tablish Sergeants,  and  Corporals  as  you  see  cause 
And  }ou  herein  improving  your  best  judgment  and 
discretion,  and  utmost  ability,  faithfully  to  serve  the 
interest  of  God,  his  Majesty's  interest,  and  the  inter- 
est of  the  colony  ;  and  carefully  governing  your  said 
company  at  home  and  abroad.  These  shall  be  unto 
you  full  and  ample  commission,  warrant  and  dis- 
charge. Given  under  the  publick  seal,  this  24th  day 
of  Julv,  1016. 

Per  JOS.  WINSLOW,  Governmr:' 

Receiving  commission,  he  marched  the  same  night 
into  the  woods,  got  to  Middleborough*  before  day  ; 

•About  15  miles  from  Plymouth.  The  fruitful  waters  in 
this  town  and  tho  plrnty  of"  c,amo  in  its  woods,  caused  it  to 
be  a  principal  residence  for  Indian?      Mcurt  says  (in  Prince, 


I 


94 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


and  as  soon  as  the  light  appeared,  took  into  the 
Woods  and  swampy  thickets,  towards  a  phice  where 
they  had  some  reason  to  expect  to  meet  with  a  par- 
cel nf  Narraganset  Indians,  with  some  others  ihat 
belo.'iged  to  Mounthope.  Coming  near  to  where 
they  expected  them,  Captain  Church's  Indian  scout 
discovered  the  enemy  ;  and  well  observing  their  fires, 
and  postures,  returned  with  the  intelligence  to  their 
Captain;  who  gave  such  directions  for  the  surround- 
ing of  thent,  as  had  the  desired  effect ;  surprising 
tiiem  from  every  side,  so  unexpectedly,  that  they 
were  all  taken,  not  so  much  as  one  escaped.* 

And  upon  a  strict  examination,  they  gave  intelli- 
gence of  another  parcel  of  the  enemy,  at  a  place 
called  Munponset  pond.f  Captain  Church  hastening 
with  his  prisoners  through  the  woods  to  Plymouth, 

Chron.  191,)  '•  thousands  of  men  have  lived  here,  who  died 
of  the  great  plague,  about  3  years  before  our  arrival."  It 
was  sulyect  to  Massassoit,  and  was  first  visited  by  tlie  Eng- 
lish, 3  July,  IG'iJl.  Mr.  Edward  Winslow,  and  Mr.  Stephen 
Ho|)kins  passed  through  there,  on  their  way  to  visit  Massas- 
soit. They  saw  the  bones  of  many  that  died  of  the  plague, 
where  their  habitations  had  been.  Ibid.  Relicks  of  anti- 
quity are  often  found  to  this  day.  A  gentleman  lately  dig- 
ging to  set  ju)sts  for  a  front  yard,  near  the  town  house,  discov- 
ered an  Inilian  sepulchre.  It  contained  a  great  (juantity  of 
beaiis  of  dilferent  kinds,  with  many  other  curiosities.  A 
remnant  of  a  tribe  of  Indians  now  lives  on  the  northeast  side 
of  the  great  Assawomset.  They  have  mixed  with  the  blacks, 
and  none  remain  of  clear  blood.  The  last  that  remained  un- 
mixed, was  a  man  who  died  a  few  years  since,  at  I  lie  age, 
it  was  supposed,  of  100  years.  He  went  by  the  name  of  Cv- 
mon.  What  is  known  of  the  troubles  of  the  inhabitants  In 
this  war  is  found  scattered  through  Mr.  Hubbard's  Narra- 
tive, in  Bachus' Hist.  Middleborough,  and  note  1,  for  |)agc 
51,  of  this  work. 

•  We  have  to  regret  that  our  author  does  not  tell  us  the 
number  which  he  took,  and  the  place  where  he  took  them. 
But  his  indefinite  mode  of  writing,  may,  in  part,  l)e  account- 
ed for,  by  the  consideration,  that  it  is  given  after  nearly  forty 
years,  mostly  from  recollection  ;  especially  this  part  of  the 
history. 

t  A  small  pond  in  the  north  part  of  the  present  town  of 
Halifax. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


9& 


disposed  of  ihem  all,  excepting,  only  one,  JeflVey, 
wlio  proving  very  ingenuous  and  faithful  to  him,  in 
informing  where  other  parcels  of  Indians  hnrbourod, 
Cai)tiiin  Church  promised  him,  that  if  he  continued 
to  1)0  faithful  to  him,  he  should  not  be  sold  out  of 
the  country,  but  should  be  his  waiting  man,  to  lake 
care  of  his  horse,  &c. ;  and  accordingly  he  served 
him  faithfully  as  long  as  he  lived. 

Jiut  Captain  Church  was  fortiivvith  sent  out  again, 
and  the  terms  for  his  encouragement  being  conclud- 
ed on,  viz.,  that  the  country  should  find  them  am- 
munition and  provision,  and  have  half  the  prisoners 
and  arms  [that]  they  took:  The  Captain  and  his 
Eiiglish  soldiers  to  have  the  other  half  of  the  prison- 
ers and  arms ;  and  the  Indian  soldiers  the  loose 
plunder.  Poor  encouragement !  But  after  some  time 
it  was  mended. 

Tliey  soon  captivated  the  Munponsets,*  and 
broiiglit  them  in,  not  one  escaping. 

'JMiis  stroke  he  held  several  weeks,  never  returning 
empty  handed.  When  he  wanted  intelligence  of 
their  kenneling  places,  he  would  march  to  some 
place,  likely  to  meet  with  some  travellers  or  ramblers, 
and  scattering  his  company,  would  lie  close ;  and 
seldom  lay  above  a  day  or  two,  at  most,  before  some 
of  thcnj  would  fall  into  their  hands  ;  whom  he  would 
cdinpei  to  inform  where  their  company  were.  And 
so  l)y  his  method  of  secret  a:vi  sudden  surprises, 
took  griiat  numbers  of  them  p.  <  -riers. 

The  government  observing  his  extraordinary 
courage  and  conduct,  and  the  success  from  heavenf 


*  A  small  tribe  of  Indians  that  resided  near  Munponset 
pond. 

t  Whotlier  Heaven  had  any  thing  to  do  with  making 
sliwcs  olthe  Indians  after  they  were  made  prisoners,  mav  be 
ildiihto;!  bj  scopticks,  on  the  same  principles  that  every  leol- 
iii"^  man  now  doubts  of  the  justness  of  our  southern  breth- 
rfi\  to  make  slaves  of  Negroes.  But  to  the  commendation  of 
('111'  hiM'o  be  it  spoken,  that  his  voice  was  always  against  en 


06 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


added  to  it,  saw  cause  to  enlarge  his  commission ; 
gave  him  pow"-  to  raise  and  dismiss  his  forces,  as  ho 
should  see  occasion ;  to  commissionatc  officers  un- 
der him,  and  to  march  as  far  as  he  should  see  cause, 
within  the  limits  of  the  three  united  colonies;  to  re- 
ceive to  mercy,  give  quarter,  or  not ;  excepting  some 
particular  and  noted  murden^rs,  viz.,  Philip,  and  .ill 
that  were  at  the  destroying  of  Mr.  Clark's  gurrisoii, 
and  some  few  others. 

Major  Bradford  being  now  at  Taunton  with  his 
army,  and  wanting  provisions,  some  carts  were  or- 
dered from  Plymouth  for  their  supply,  and  Captain 
Church  to  guard  them.  But  he  obtaining  other 
guards  for  the  carts,  as  far  as  Middleborough,  ran 
before  »vith  a  small  company,  hoping  to  meet  with 
some  of  the  enemy;  appointing  the  carts  and  their 
guards  to  meet  with  them  at  Nemascut,*  about  an 
hour  after  sun's  rising,  next  morning. 

He  arrived'  there  about  the  breaking  <>f  the  day- 
light, and  discovered  a  company  of  the  ciufiny  ;  but 
his  time  was  too  short  to  wait  for  gaining  advautiigf', 
and  therefore  ran  right  in  upon  them,  si!ri)rise(l  and 
captivated  about  sixteen  of  them,  who  upon  exami- 
nation, informed  that  Tis])a(iuinf  a  very  tiiinous  Caj)- 

slaving  mankind.  Wliat  f^rrator  proof  can  we  havn  of  his 
Imnianity,  considcringthe  age  in  which  he  lived?  See  paf^jc 
52,  and-  note  1. 

•  f  Near  Raynham.) 

Tliat  jtarl  of  Middleborough  along  (he  river  of  (hat  name. 
This  name  like  many  others  was  wri((en  difl''<rently  liy  the 
early  (•on(em|torary  \vri(ers.  It  is  generally  si)elt  Nainasket  ; 
Init  more  projierlv  Neniasket.  Ilolinrs,  I, 'ill,  from  1  .Mas>i, 
HiM.  Coll.  Ill,  1  IS,  says,  it  waslliat  pari  of  IMiddlehorongli, 
wliich  (lie  Ki;glivh  first  ^ilaiited.  Iliitcliinson,  I,  i2G'J,  s;iv  , 
that  Philip  somedmes  resided  here.  See  no(e  1,  on  |  age  !>;■{. 
Savage,  in  Winthrop,  I,  55,  says,  "  This  name  helonged  to 
part  of  the  tract  noAV  inelud->(l  in  Middlehorongh  ;  Itiit  the 
lines  of  Indian  geography  were  probably  not  very  precise,  or 
are  forgotten." 

t  He  was  at  the  destroying  of  Mr.  Clark's  house  at  Plv- 
month.  After  iiis  wife  and  (diild  were  taken  by  Captain 
Church,  he  came  an.l  delivered  iiiiusclf  up  at  Plymoutli,  as  a 


IMIILIP'S  WAR. 


07 


tain  among  the  enemy  was  at  Assawompset*  with  a 
numerous  company. 

Rut  the  carts  must  now  be  guarded,  and  the  oppor- 
tunity of  visiting  Tispaquin  must  now  be  laid  aside  ; 
the  carts  are  to  be  faithfully  guarded,  lest  Tispa(iuia 
should  attack  them. 

Coming  towards  Taunton,  Captain  Church  takincf 
two  men  with  him,  made  all  speed  to  the  town.  And 
coming  to  the  river  side,  he  hallooed,  and  inquiring 
of  them  that  catrif^  to  the  river,  for  Major  Bradford 
or  his  Captains.  lie  was  informed  [that]  they  were 
in  the  town,  at  the  tavern.  He  told  them  of  the 
carts  that  were  coming,  that  he  had  the  cumber  of 
guarding  them,  which  had  already  prevented  his  im- 
proving opportunities  of  doing  service ;  prayed, 
therefore,  that  a  guard  might  be  sent  over  to  receive 
the  carts,  that  he  might  be  at  liberty — refusing  all 
invitations  and  persuasions  to  go  over  to  the  tavern 
to  visit  the  Major.  He  at  length  obtained  a  guard 
to  receive  the  carts,  by  whom  also  he  sent  his  prison- 
ers to  be  conveyed  with  the  carts,  to  Plymouth ;  di- 
recting them  not  to  return  by  the  way  they  came,  but 
by  Bridgewater. 

priMOiior  of  war  ;  but  was  afterward  barbarously  murdergd  by  tlie 
goierntimvl  for  iiis  coiilidence  in  them,  as  will  be  seen  in  the  pro- 
gri'ss  of  this  history. 

To  do  justice  in  some  degree,  to  the  memory  of  the  nu- 
nieroiis  nice  of  human  beings,  who  have  left  this  deliyliifnl 
country  to  us,  a  biographical  work  should  be  written,  coiitnin- 
ing  as  much  of  the  lives  and  actions  as  can  now  be  found,  of 
such  of  those  natives,  whose  names  have  come  down  to  us. 
The  autlu)r  of  these  notes  has  taken  some  steps  toward  that  end, 
\\\\f\\  would  be  frei'ly  eontributf.-d  to  assist  an  able  hand  in  tiie 
niiileit.kiiig.  Should  no  other  attempt  it,  some  years  to  come 
may  produce  it  from  his  pen. 

»(ln  Middleborough.) 

This  word  again  occurs  in  the  course  of  a  few  paragraphs 
and  is  thore  spelt  right.  It  must  have  been  inattention  that 
caused  the  difference  in  its  orthograpiiy,  as  well  as  in  many 
others.  The  country  around  the  ponds  bore  the  name  of  Assa- 
womsct.  See  note  4,  on  page  27.  In  modern  writers  we  .see  it 
Bometimes  spelt  as  above.  _ 

E  ^ 


08 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Hastening  back,  he  proposed  to  cnmp  thnrt  nipht  at 
Assawoniset  neck.*  But  as  soon  as  they  came  to  the 
river  that  runs  into  the  great  pond.f  through  the  thick 
swamp  at  the  entering  of  the  neck,  the  enemy  'ired 
upon  them,  hut  hurt  not  a  man.  Captain  Church's 
Indians  ran  right  into  the  swamp,  and  fired  upon  them, 
but  it  being  in  the  dusk  of  the  evening,  the  eneniy 
made  their  escape  in  the  thickets. 

The  Captain  then  moving  about  a  mile  into  the 
neck,  took  the  advantage  of  a  small  valley  to  feed 
his  horses.  Some  held  the  horses  by  the  bridles,  the 
rest  on  the  ground,  looked  sharp  out  for  the  enemy, 
[who  were]  within  hearing  on  every  side,  and  some 
very  near.  But  in  the  dead  of  the  night  the  enemy 
being  out  of  hearing,  or  still,  Captain  Church  nuned 
out  of  the  neck  (not  the  same  way  he  came  in,  lest 
he  should  be  ambuscaded)  towards  Cushnet.J  where 
all  the  houses  were  burnt.  And  crossing  (,'ushnet 
river,§  being  extremely  fatigued  with  two  nights' 
and  one  day  s  ramble  without  rest  or  sleep.  And  ob- 
serving good  forage  for  their  horses,  the  ('aptain 
concluded  upon  baiting,  and  taking  a  nap.  Setting 
six  men  to  watch  the  passage  of  the  river ;  two  to 

*  A  short  distiince  oelow  or  to  the  soutli  of  Sampson's  Tav- 
ern. The  "tliick  swuoip,"  next  mentioned,  remains  to  this 
time. 

t  The  Assawomset         '^^ 

t  (In  Dartmouth.) 

Newbedford  h!i8  been  since  taken  from  Dartmouth.  The  part 
wliere  Newbedford  now  is  was  meant. 

JTlie  river  on  which  Newbedford  sfcmds  is  callod  Cush- 
net.  Dr.  Douglass  wrote  tliis  word  Accushnot.  Summary, 
I,  403.  And  I  think,  that  if  wo  write  Aponaganset,  we 
should  also  write  Accushnot,  or  ratlier  Accushnet.  l{\it  ho 
wrote  Polyganset.  Ibid.  See  note  2,  on  page  51,  of  tliis 
history.  The  most  ancient  way  of  writing  those  names,  in 
general,  is  to  bo  preferred;  for  it  is  the  most  dh-ect  road  to 
uniformity,  and  consistency.  Two  very  desirable  and  agree- 
able attendants  to  be  met  with  in  language ;  yet,  the  writer  of 
these  notes  is  very  sensible  of  his  I'lilurcs  in  these  as  well  as 
other  respects. 


Mi^^ 


1 

1 

1 

1 

\ 

t 
i 

>^<5^ 


l.riTI.K   EYES.        p.Ku. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


99 


watch  at  a  time,  while  the  others  slept,  and  so  to 
take  their  turns,  while  the  rest  of  the  company  went 
into  a  thicket  to  sleep  under  a  guard  of  two  senti- 
nels more.  But  the  whole  company  being  very 
drowsy,  soon  forgot  their  danger,  and  were  fast 
asleep,  sentinels  and  all.  The  Captain  first  awakes, 
looks  up,  and  judges  he  had  slept  four  hours ;  which 
being  longer  than  he  designed,  immediately  rouses  his 
company,  and  sends  away  a  file  to  see  what  was 
become  of  the  watch,  at  the  passage  of  the  river; 
but  they  no  sooner  opened  the  river  in  sight,  but  they 
discovered  a  company  of  the  enemy  viewing  of  their 
tracks,  where  they  came  into  the  neck.  Captain 
Chu^'j^h,  and  those  with  him,  soon  dispersed  into  the 
brush,  on  each  side  of  the  way,  while  the  file  sent, 
got  undiscovered  to  the  passage  of  the  river,  and  found 
their  watch  all  fast  asleep.  But  these  tidings  thor- 
oughly awakened  the  whole  company. 

But  the  enemy  giving  them  no  present  disturbance, 
they  examined  their  [knapsacks,]'  and  taking  a 
little  refreshment,  the  Captain  ordered  one  party  to 
guard  the  horses,  and  the  other  to  scout,  who  soon 
met  with  a  track,  and  following  of  it,  they  were 
brought  to  a  small  company  of  Indians,  who  proved 
to  be  Littleeyes,*  and  family,  and  "ear  relatioi.s,  who 
v/ere  of  Sogkonate,  but  had  forsaken  their  coun- 
trymen, upon  their  making  peace  with  the  Eng- 
lish. Some  of  Captain  Church's  Indians  asked  him, 
if  he  did  not  know  this  fellow?  [and]  told  him, 
"  This  is  the  rogue  that  would  have  killed  vou  at 
Awashonks'  dance."  And  signified  to  him,  that  now 
he  had  an  opportunity  to  be  revenged  on  him.  But 
the  Captain  told  them,  [that]  it  was  not  Englishmen's 
fashion  to  seek  revenge ;  and  that  he  should  have  the 
quarter  the  rest  had. 

Moving  to  the  river  side,  they  found  an  old  canoe, 

*  [snapsacks.] 


W 


100 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


U 


with  which  the  Captain  ordered  Littleeyes  and  his 
company  to  be  carried  over  to  an  island,*  telling 
him,  [that]  he  would  leave  him  on  that  island  until 
he  returned.  And  lest  the  English  should  light  on 
them,  and  kill  them,  he  would  leave  his  cousin  Light- 
footf  (whom  the  English  knew  to  be  their  friend)  to 
be  his  guard.  Littleeyes  expressed  himself  very 
thankful  to  the  Captain. 

He  leaving  his  orders  with  Lightfoot,  leturns  to 
the  river  side,  towards  Ponaganset,  to  Russel's  orch- 
ard.J  [Ofi]  foming  near  the  orchard  they  clapped 
into  a  thicket,  and  there  lodged  the  rest  of  the  night 
without  any  fire.  And  upon  tho  morning  light's  ap- 
pearing, moved  towards  the  orchard,  [and]  discover- 
ed some  of  the  enemy,  who  had  been  there  the  day 
before,  and  had  beat  down  all  the  apples,  and  carri- 
ed them  away;  discovered  also  where  they  had 
lodged  that  tiight,  and  saw  the  ground,  where  they 
set  their  baskets,  [was]  bloody  ;  being,  as  they  sup- 
posed, and  as  it  was  afterwards  discovered,  [ — Y 
with  the  ilosh  of  swine,  &c..  which  they  liaci  killed 
that  day.  They  had  lain  under  the  fences  without 
any  fires,  and  seemed  by  the  marks  [which]  they  left 
behind  them,  to  be  very  numerous ;  perceived  also 
by  the  dew  on  the  grass,  that  they  had  not  been 
long  gone,  and  therefore,  moved  apace  in  pursuit  of 
them. 

Travelling  three  miles  or  more,  they  came  into  the 
country  road  where  the  tracks  parted.     One  parcel 

'  [to  be] 

*  Whiit,  I  suspect,  is  now  e.iUed  Palmer's  island.  There  are 
others  furtlicr  out,  wliich  from  tlieir  distance,  it  is  tluught  unhifely 
tiiiit  tliey  went  down  so  far. 

t  Cousin  to  Littleeyes.  He  was  a  v.iluable  and  faithful  ser- 
vant to  Chureli,  and  is  notorious  for  his  exploits  in  the  eastern 
wars. 

I  Tiiis  orchard  stood  just  in  the  rear  of  the  old  garrison  before 
mentioiied.  See  note  2,  on  pnge  50.  The  reniiiiiiH  of  which 
were  to  be  seen  within  the  age  of  some  recently  living, 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


101 


steered  towards  the  west  end  of  the  great^  cedar 
swatnp,  and  the  other  to  the  east  end.  The  Captain 
halted,  and  told  his  Indian  soldiers,  that  they  had 
heard,  as  well  as  he,  what  some  men  had  said  at 
Plymouth,  about  them,  &c. ;  that  now  was  a  good 
opportunity  for  each  party  to  prove  themselves. 
The  track  being  divided,  they  should  follow  one  and 
the  English  the  other,  being  equal  in  number.  The 
Indians  declined  the  motion,  and  were  not  willing  to 
move  any  where  without  him ;  said  [that]  they 
should  not  think  themselves  safe  without  him.  But 
the  Captain  insisting  upon  it,  they  submitted.  '  He 
gave  the  Indians  their  choice,  to  follow  which  track 
they  pleased.  They  replied,  that  they  were  light 
and  able  to  travel,  therefore,  if  he  pleased,  they 
would  take  the  west  track.  And  appointing  the 
ruins  of  John  Cook's  house  at  Cushnet,  for  the  place 
lo  meet  at,  each  company  set  out  briskly  to  try  their 
fortunes. 

Captain  Church,  with  his  English  soldiers,  follow- 
ed their  track  until  they  came  near  entering  a  miry 
swamp,  when  the  Captain  heard  a  whistle  in  the 
rear ;  (which  was  a  note  for  a  halt)  and  looking  behind 
him,  he  saw  William  Fobes*  start  out  of  the  com- 
pany, and  made  towards  him,  who  hastened  to  meet 
him  as  fast  as  he  could.  Fobes  told  him  [that]  they 
had  discovered  abundance  of  Indians,  and  if  he 
pleased  to  go  a  few  steps  back,  he  might  see  them 
himself  He  did  so,  and  saw  them  across  the  swamp; 
observing  them,  he  perceived  [that]  they  were  gath- 
ering whortleberries,  and  they  had  no  apprehensions 
of  their  being  so  near  them.  The  Captain  supposed 
them  to  be  chiefly  women,  and  therefore  calling  one 
Mr.  Dillano,  who  was  acquainted  with  the  ground, 
and  the  Indian  language,  and   another  named  Mr. 

*  Perliaps  Fwbes  would  have  been  the  proper  way  of  spelling 
this  name.  He  went  commissary  with  Church  in  his  tliird  eastern 
expedition. 


H 

ii 


102 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Barns.*  With  these  two  men  he  takes  right  through 
the  swamp,  as  fast  as  he  could,  and  orders  the  rest  to 
hasten  after  them. 

Captain  Church  with  Dillano  and  Barns,  having 
good  horses,  spurred  on  and  were  soon  amongst  the 
thickest  of  the  Indians,  and  out  of  sight  of  their  own 
men.  Among  the  enemy  was  an  Indian  woman, 
who  with  her  husband  had  been  driven  off  from 
Rhodcisland,  notwithstanding  they  had  a  house  upon 
Mr.  Sanford's  land,  and  had  planted  an  orchard  be- 
fore the  war;  yet  the  inhabitants  would  not  "be  satis- 
fied, till  they  were  sent  off.  Captain  Church  with 
his  family,  living  then  at  the  said  Sanford's,  came 
acquainted  with  them,  who  th<night  it  very  hard  to  turn 
off  such  old  quiet  people.  But  in  the  end  it  proved  a 
providence,  and  an  advantage  to  him  and  his  family, 
as  you  may  see  afterwards. 

This  Indian  woman  knew  Captain  Church,  and  as 
soon  as  she  knew  him,  held  up  both  her  hands,  and 
came  running  towards  them,  crying  aloud,  "  Church  ! 
Church  !  Church  !"  Captain  Church  bid  her  stop  the 
rest  of  the  Indians,  and  tell  them,  [that]  the  way  to 
save  their  lives,  was,  not  to  run,  but  yield  themselves 
prisoners,  and  he  would  not  kill  them.  So  with  her 
help,  and  Dillano's,  who  could  call  to  them  in  their 
own  language,  many  of  them  stopped  and  surren- 
dered themselves,  others  scampering  and  casting 
away  their  baskets,  «kc.,  betook  themselves  to  the 
thickets ;  but  Captain  Church  being  on  horseback, 
soon  came  up  with  them,  and  laid  hold  of  a  gun 
that  was  in  the  hand  of  one  of  the  foremost  of 
the  company,  pulled  it  from  him,  and  told  him  he 
must  go  back.  And  when  he  had  turned  them,  he 
began  to  look  about  him  to  see  where  he  was,  and 
"what   was   become   of  his   company ;    hoping   they 

'  [and] 

*  Of  this  person  as  well  as  Dilli\iio  and  Fobes,  after  considera- 
ble  pains  and  search,  I  ciui  tell  notliing.  The  names  are  common 
in  the  old  colony. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


103 


might  be  all  as  well  employed  as  himself.  But  he 
could  find  none  but  Dillano,  who  was  very  busy 
gathering  up  prisoners.  The  Captain  drove  his  that 
he  had  stopped,  to  the  rest;  inquiring  of  Dillano  for 
their  company,  but  could  have  no  news  of  them ; 
[and]^  moving  back,  picked  up  now  and  then  a  sculk- 
ing  prisoner  by  the  way. 

When  they  came  near  the  place  where  the  first 
started  the  Indians,  they  discovered  their  company 
standing  in  a  body  together,  and  had  taken  some  few 
prisoners ;  when  they  saw  their  Captain,  they  hasten- 
ed to  meet  him.  They  told  him  [that]  they  found 
it  difficult  getting  through  the  swamp,  and  neither 
seeing  nor  hearing  any  thing  of  him,  they  concluded 
[that]  the  enemy  had  killed  him,  and  were  at  a  great 
loss  what  to  do. 

Having  brought  their  prisoners  together  they 
found  [that]  they  had  taken  and  killed  sixTy-six  of 
their  enemy.  Captain  Church  then  asked  ihe  old 
squaw,  what  company  they  belonged  unto  ?  She  said, 
[that]  they  belonged  part  to  Philip,  and  part  to  Qun- 
nappin*  and  the  Narraganset  sachem  ;t   discovered 

» [but] 

*  An  old  Queen  among  the  Narngnnsets,  says  Hutch.  I,  263. 
Truni.  I,  347,  says  tliat  Magnus  an  old  Nari-aganset  Queen 
was  killed  3  July.  It  is  possible  that  both  names  meant  the 
same  person.  She  signed  the  treaty  in  June,  of  whieh  men- 
tion has  been  made.  In  lluteliinson,  the  name  is  sju'lt 
Quaiapen,  and  in  Hubbard,  Quenoquin,  and  by  ii  writer  in 
N.  II.  Hist.  Col.  IIF,  108,  Quannopin.  But  these  names 
may  not  all  mean  the  same  person,  as  the  author  last  cited, 
says,  that  iMrs.  Rowiandson,  wife  of  the  minister  of  Liuicas- 
ter,  when  taken  was  sold  to  Quannopin  whose  wife  was  a 
sister  to  Philip's  wife.  The  same  writer  observes,  on  page 
141,  tiiat  one  of  Quannopin's  wives'  name  was  |Wittimore. 
She  could  not  be  the  same  that  was  drowned  near  Swanzey, 
for  that  was  before  Sirs.  R,  was  tjiken.  See  note  2,  on 
page  27. 

fWho  is  meant  by  this  Narraganset  sachem,  it  is  difficult 
to  deteiiiiiiie.  Tlure  were  six  that  subscribed  the  treaty  in 
June.    C.iuouchet,  who  was  noted  for  his  enmity  to  the  Eng- 


N 


I 


"1^- 


104 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


also  upon  her  declaration,  that  both  Philip  and  Quan- 
napin  were  about  two  miles  off,  in  the  great  cedar 
swamp.  He  inquired  of  her  what  company  they 
had  with  them.  She  answered,  "  Abundance  of  In- 
dians." The  swamp,  she  said,  was  full  of  Indians 
from  one  end  unto  the  other,  that  were  settled  there ; 
[and]  that  there  were  near  an  hundred  men,  [who] 
came  from  the  swamp  with  them,  and  left,  them  upon 
thr.t  plain  to  gather  whortleberries,  and  promised  to 
call  them  as  they  came  back  out  of  Sconticut  neck,* 
whither  they  went  to  kill  cattle  and  horses  for  provis- 
ions for  the  company. 

She  perceiving  (captain  Church  move  towards  the 
neck,  told  him,  [that]  if  they  went  that  way  they 
\vouid  be  killed.  He  asked  her  where  about  they 
crossed  the  river?  She  pointed  to  the  upper  passing 
place.  Upon  which  Captain  Church  passed  over  so 
low  down,  as  he  thought  it  not  probable  [that]  they 
should  meet  with  his  track  in  their  return,  and  has- 
tened towards  the  island,  where  he  left  Littleeyes 
with  Lightfoot.  Finding  a  convenient  place  by  the 
river  side  for  securing  his  prisoners.  Captain  Church 
and  Mr.  Dillano  went  down  to  see  what  was  become 
of  Captain  Lightfoot,  and  the  prisoners  left  in  his 
charge. 

Lightfoot  seeing  and  knowing  them,  soon  came 
over  with  his  broken  canoe,  and  informed  them,  that 

lisli,  but  it  could  not  be  he,  because  he  wa.s  taken  by  tlie 
C(/iiiieeticut  volunteers  tiie  first  week  in  April,  1G7G,  aeeord- 
iii<^  to  Hubbard,  158,  and  it  was  now  July;  Canonicus,  wiio 
was  killed  by  tiie  Mohawks,  in  June;  ^lattatoiisr,  of  whom 
we  hear  nothinj^;  Ninijfret,  who  did  not  join  with  the  rest 
in  the  war;  and  Pumham,  who  was  killed  in  the  woods  near 
Dedham,  about  tlie  last  week  in  July,  as  before  ol)served, 
and  who  it  is  j)ossil)le  this  niijfht  be.  He  must  have  been  a 
very  old  man,  as  I  presume  he  is  the  same  who  sold  land  to 
Mr.  Samuel  Gorton  about  1643,  and  became  dissatisfied  and 
comi>lained  of  him  to  tiie  court.  See  Savage's  Winthrop, 
II,  120. 

*  Tiie  point  of  land  opposite  Ncwbedford  where  the  village  of 
Fairhaveu  now  is. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


105 


he  had  seen  that  day  about  one  hundred  men  of  the 
enemy  go  down  into  Sconticut  neck,  and  that  they 
were  now  returning  again.  Upon  which  they  three 
ran  down  immediately  to  a  m'eadow  where  Lightfoot 
said  [that]  the  Indians  had  passed,  where  they  not 
only  saw  their  tracks,  but  also  them.  Whereupon 
they  lay  close,  until  the  enemy  came  into  the  said 
meadow,  and  the  foremost  set  down  his  load,  and 
halted  until  all  the  company  came  up,  and  then  took 
up  their  loads  and  marched  again  the  same  way  that 
they  came  down  into  the  neck,  which  was  the  near- 
est way  unto  their  camp.  Had  they  gone  the  other 
way,  along  the  river,  they  could  not  have  missed 
Ciiptain  Church's  track,  which  would  doubtless  have 
exposed  them  to  the  loss  of  their  prisoners,  if  not  of 
their  lives. 

But  as  soon  as  the  coast  was  clear  of  them,  the 
Captain  sends  his  Lightfoot  to  fetch  his  prisoners 
from  the  island,  while  he  and  Mr.  Dillano  returned 
to  the  company ;  sent  part  of  them  to  conduct  Light- 
foot and  his  company  to  the  aforesaid  meadow,  where 
Captain  Church  and  his  company  met  them.  Cross- 
ing the  enemy's  track  they  made  all  haste  until  they 
got  over  Mattapoiset  river,*  near  about  four  miles 
beyond  the  ruins  of  Cook's  house,  where  he  appoint- 
ed to  meet  his  Indian  company,  whither  he  sent  Dil- 
lano with  two  more  to  meet  them;  ordering  them 
that  if  the  Indians  were  not  arrived  to  wait  for  them. 

Accordingly,  finding  no  Indians  there,  they  waited 
until  late  in  the  night,  when  they  arrived  with  their 
booty.  They  despatched  a  post  to  their  Captain,  to 
give  him  an  account  of  their  success,  but  the  day 
broke  before  they  came  to  him.  And  when  they 
had  compared  successes,  they  very  remarkably  found 
that  the  number  that  each  comi)any  had  taken  and 

*  (In  Rochester.) 

Quite  ii  small  stream,  to  tiie  cast  of  which  is  the  village  of  this 
name,  thouyh  now  usually  pioiicuneed  Mattapois.  See  note  2, 
on  page  32. 

E 


'■■* 


I   i 


106 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


slain  was  equal.  The  Indians  had  killed  three  of 
the  enemy,  and  taken  sixty-three  prisoners,  as  the 
English  had  done  before  them. 

Both  the  English  and  Indians  were  surprised  at 
this  remarkable  providence,  and  were  both  parties 
rejoicing  at  it;  being  both  before  afraid  of  what 
might  have  been  the  unequal  success  of  the  parties. 
But  the  Indians  had  the  fortune  to  take  more  arms 
than  the  English. 

They  told  the  Captain,  that  they  had  missed  a 
brave  opportunity  by  parting;  [that]  they  came  upon 
a  great  town  of  the  enemy,  viz.,  Captain  Tyasks'* 
company;  (Tyasks  was  the  next  man  to  Philip)  that 
they  fired  upon  the  enemy  before  they  were  discover- 
ed, and  ran  upon  them  with  a  shout;  [and]  the  men 
ran  and  left  their  wives  and  children,  and  many  of 
them  their  guns.  They  took  Tyasks'  wife  and  "son, 
and  thought,  that  if  their  Captain  and  the  English 
company  had  been  with  them,  they  might  have  taken 
some  hundreds  of  them;  and  now  they  determined 
not  to  part  any  more. 

That  night,  Philip  sent  (as  afterwards  they  found 
out)  a  great  army  to  waylay  Captain  Church  at  the 
entering  on  of  A.ssawomset  neck,  expecting  [that]  he 
would  have  returned  the  same  way  [that]  he  went  in; 
but  that  was  never  his  method  to  return  the  same  way 
that  he  came;  and  at  this  time  going  another  way, 
he  escaped  falling  into  the  hands  of  his  enemie.s. 
The  next  day  they  went  home  by  Scipican.f  and  got 
well  with  their  prisoners  to  Plymouth. 


*In  another  place,  Annawon  ia  called  tlie  next  man  to  I'iiilip, 
or  his  chief  Captiiin.  Hubbard  spelt  liis  name  Tiashq,  and 
informs  ns  tiiat  lie  .surrendered  himself  to  the  English  in  .June; 
but  this  eould  not  he  the  case,  as  it  was  now  near  the  end  of 
July,  if  the  Indians  knew  the  company  to  be  Tyasks'.  Tliouirh 
nothing  is  said  in  the  text  that  we  might  be  positive  th.it  Tyasks 
was'  there,  yet  Hubbard  says  that  his  "wife  and  child"  were  taken 
firu ..     Nar.  230. 

t  A  small  river  in  Rochester.  Near  its  mouth  is  the  little 
vilhiflTo  of  Sclpicun,  4  miles  to  the  eastward  of  3Iattapoiset. 


ft  ' 


I    I 


i 


c.ijvo.yciir.  t.      p.  io7. 


I'lIILII'VS  WAR. 


107 


He  soon  went  out  iip.-iin,  atid  this  stroke  he  drove 
mnny  weeks.  And  when  ho  took  any  nurnher  of 
prisoners,  he  would  pick  out  some  that  he  took  a 
fancy  t(>,  and  wouhl  tell  fht'ni,  [that]  he  took  a  par- 
ticular fancy  to  them,  and  had  chosen  them  for  him- 
self to  make  soldiers  of;  and  if  any  would  hehave 
themselves  well,  he  would  do  well  hy  them,  and  they 
should  he  his  men,  and  not  sold  out  of  the  cf)untry. 
If  he  perceived  [that]  they  looked  surly,  and  his  In- 
diap  soldiers  called  tfiem  treacherous  dogs,  as  some 
of  them  would  sometimes  do,  all  the  notice  he  Wf)uld 
take  of  It,  would  only  he  to  clap  them  on  the  back, 
and  tell  them,  "Come,  come,  you  look  wild  and  surly, 
and  mutter,  but  that  signifies  nothing;  these  my  best 
soldiers,  were,  a  little  while  ago,  a^  wild  and  surly 
as  you  are  now;  by  that  time  you  have  been  but  one 
day  along  with  me,  you  will  love  me  too,  and  be  as 
brisk  as  any  of  them."  And  it  proved  so;  for  there 
was  none  of  them,  but  (after  they  had  been  a  little 
\vhile  with  him,  atid  seen  his  behaviour,  and  how  • 
cheerful  and  successful  his  men  were)  would  be  as 
ready  to  pilot  him  to  any  place  where  the  Indians 
dwelt  or  haunted,  (though  their  own  fathers,  or  near- 
est relations  should  be  among  them)  or  to  fi^ht  for 
him,  as  any  of  his  own  men. 

Captain  Church  was,  in  two  particulars,  much  ad- 
vantaged by  the  great  English  army*  that  was  now 

*I  oimiK.t  Iciiiri  as  this  "jrri'at  army"  was  in  miiuh  aoti\e 
Rcrxife  about  this  time.  Hut  tlio  Conneetieut  soldiers  were 
very  aetive.  A  party  under  Capt.  DciiLson  took  prisoner 
Caiioiieiiet,  or  N'anuiitteuoo,  as  he  was  hist  called,  "the 
ehief  saeheni  of  all  the  Narrajransets,"  who  had  come  down 
from  the  Nipmuek  country  to  get  seed  corn  to  plant  the  de- 
serted Settlements  on  Conneetieut  river.  Canonehet  was 
near  I'autueket  river  with  a  company  of  his  men,  and  while 
secure^  in  his  tent,  and  was  relatinjr  over  his  exploits  ajfainst 
the  English,  Denison  came  ii|)on  him.  lie  tied  witli  all 
haste,  but  as  he  was  erojssinir  the  liver,  a  misstep  brou(>-lit 
!iis  gun  under  water,  and  retarded  his  proirress.  One  aIo- 
nopoiile,  ii  Peipiot,  beinjr  swift  of  foot,  lirst  came  up  with 
him.     lie   made   no  resistance,  though  he  was  a  man  of  great 


im 


':-fyM 


h1^\ 


» 


If 


\n 


I 


108 


PHILIPS  WAR. 


tibroatl.  One  was,  that  they  drove  the  enemy  down 
to  that  part  of  the  country,  vi/.,  to  the  eastward  of 
Taunton  river,  by  which  his  business  was  nearer 
homo.  The  «>ther  was,  that  when  ho  fell  on  with  a 
push  upon  any  Ixuiy  of  the  enemy,  (were  they  never 
so  many)  they  fled,  exnectinj^  the  fjroat  army.  And 
his  nnmner  of  niarcliin;^  throu<j;h  the  woods  was 
such,  [that]'  if  he  were  discovered,  they  appeared 
to  bo  more  than  they  were;  for  he  always  marc  lic<l 
ut  a  wide  distance  one  from  another,  partly  foi  their 
safety:  And  this  was  an  Indian  custo  n  to  ■';  vch 
thin  and  scattered. 

Captain  Church  incpiired  of  sonie  of  the  Indians 
that  were  become  his  soldiers,  how  they  jjot  such 
advantage,  often,  of  the  Knglish  in  their  marches 
through   the  woods?     They   told  him,  that  the  In- 

'[H     • 

strt'tijftli.  A  yoiiiij;  KiijrliHlini.iii  noxt  i-ainc  up,  uiid  asked  liiin 
sciMU'  (|iii'.sti(iiis,  liiit  111'  would  iniikc  no  aiiswiT.  At  li'iiirtli, 
oastinj,'  a  look  of  lU'trlcct  <iii  his  yoiitliful  faiH-,  said,  in  brolu'ii 
Eii;,flisli,  -Vou  too  inut'li  I'iiild;  no  nndcrstand  matters  of  war- 
Let  yu  '  Captain  t-onu  ;  liini  I  will  answer."  llo  would  not 
accept  of  liis  life  when  otli-rcd  him;  and  when  told  that  he  was 
to  i!ie,  saiil."IIe  liked  it  well;  that  he  should  liie  hefore  his  heart 
was  soft,  or  he  had  spoken  any  tliinj,' unworthy  of  himsi'lf.  Ho 
was  afterward  shot  at  Stoninirton.  And  liy  Autumn,  this  with 
other  volunteer  eom|)anies  killed  and  took*  :>3U  of  the  enemy, 
and  5(»  muskets;  these  exploits  were  continued  until  the 
Narra<,Miisets  were  all  driven  out  of  the  country,  except  Mnijrret. 
Tr'mihull,  I.  ai;}  to  31.5.  The  rejrtilar  soldu-rs  under  IM.'ijor 
'J'aleot  marched  info  the  Mpnmek's  country,  where  at  one  time 
they  killed  and  took  ."i^  of  the  enemy.  This  was  in  the  bejjfin- 
nini,'  of  June.  On  12  June  they  came  upon  ahout  700 '^Jn- 
di.ins,  who  were  furiously  liesieiring  lladley,  whom  they  im- 
mediately disjiersed.  On  their  return  to  the  Narrajfanset 
country  they  eame  upon  the  /n:i..i  :i  'dv  of  tlie  cnemv  near  a 
iarj^e   CM.ir  swiimp,  who  mo^'l,    /.■  i'     '  i     it.     Hut  ^  sur- 

rounded,  171  were  killed  an  .  ,.  •  .■  lonir  them  ivaa^Mafj. 
iius,  the  old  tineen  of  \ari.i^.,ii.M-t.  Near  I'rovidence  thi7 
mule  prisoners,  and  killed  »i7;  and  soon  after  (iO  more  on  their 
return  to  Comieclicut.  Holmes,  I,  431  to  433.  See  note  1,  on 
pa;;e  103. 


IM I  IMP'S  WAR. 


109 


dians  pained  preat  adyantarje  of  the  English  by  two 
things;  [tfioy]'  always  toi-k  onre  in  theii  niarrln^s 
and  ri<i;lits,  not  to  conte  too  thick  lugotluM-;  but  the 
Enj^lish  always  kept  in  a  heap  together;  [so]  that  it 
was  as  easy  to  hit  them,  as  to  hit  a  house.  The  other 
was,  that  if  at  any  time  they  discovered  a  cotnpany 
of  English  soldiers  in  the  woods,  they  knew  that 
there  were  all,  for  the  I'iiiglish  never  .scattered,  but 
the  Indians  always  divided  and  scattered. 

Captain  ('lunch  [being]  m)\v  at  Plymouth,  some- 
thing or  other  happened  that  kept  him  at  liomo  a 
few  (lavs,  until  a  post  came  to  Murshfield  on  uv 
Lcjrd's*  day  morning,  informing  the  Clovernour,  that 
a  great  army  of  Indians  were  discovered,  who  it  was 
supposed  were  designing  to  <j.v'  over  the  river  to- 
wards Taunton  or  Ibidgewatc  .f  to  attack  those 
towns  that  lay  on  that  side  [nl  ]  the  river.  The 
Covernour  hastened  to  Plynnnuh,  lised  what  men  ho 
could  by  the  way,  came  to  Plyin'Uth  in  the  begin- 
ning  of  the  forenoon  exerci.se,  ^ent  for  Captain 
Church  out  of  the  meeting  hous.-,  gave  him  the 
news,  and  desired  hint  immediately  'o  rally  what  of 
his  comi)any  he  could,  and  what  mc  a  he  had  raised 
should  join  them. 

The  Captain  bestirs  himself,  but  ound  no  bread 
in  the  store  house,  and  so  was  force  '  to  run  from 
house  to  house  to  get  nousehold  biead  for  their 
march.  But  this  nor  any  thing  else  prevented  his 
marching  by  the  beginning  of  the  aften oon  exercise. 
Marching  with  what  menj  were  ready  he  took  with 
him  the  post  that  came  from  Bi'dgew  iter  to  pilot 
him  to  the  |)lace  where  he  thought  hi  might  meet 
with  the  enemy. 

'  [tlie  Indiiins] 

«  July  30,  1670. 

fTliis  word  in  tlie  text  w:is  given  uniformly  witliout  tiio 
first  c. 

t  lie  hiul  "iibont  30  Englislimcn  and  20  reconc.k-d  Indi.ms." 
Hubbard,  Nar.  2:23. 


I»  m 


jM 


110 


PHIUFS  WAR. 


In  the  evening  they  heard  a  smart  firing  at  a  dis- 
tance from  them,  but  it  being  near  night,  and  the 
firing  but  of  short  continuance,  they  missed  the 
)Iace,  and  went  into  Bridgewater  town.  It  seems 
'that]  the  occasion  of  the  firing  was,  that  Philip, 
inding  that  Captain  Church  made  that  side  of  the 
country  too  hot  for  him,  designed  to  return  to  the 
other  side  of  the  country  that  he  came  last  from. 
And  coming  to  Taunton  river  with  his  company, 
they  felled  a  great  tree  across  the  river,  for  a  bridge 
to  pass  over  on.  And  just  as  Philip's  old  uncle 
Akkompoin,*  and  some  other  of  his  chiefs  were  pass- 
ing over  the  tree,  some  brisk  Bridgewater  lads  had 
ambushed  them,  fired  upon  them,  and  killed  the  old 
man,  and  several  others,  which  put  a  stop  to  their 
coming  over  the  river  that  night. f 

Next  morning,  Captain  Church  moved  very  early 
with  his  company,  which  was  increased  by  many  of 
Bridgewater,  that  enlisted  un<ler  him  for  that  expe- 
dition; and  by  their  piloting,  soon  came  very  still 
to  the  top  of  the  great  tree,  which  the  enemy  had 
fallen  across  the  river,  and  the  Captain  spied  an  In- 
dian sitting  on  the  stump  of  it  on  the  other  side  of 
the  river,  and  he  clapped  his  gun  up,  and  had  doubt- 
less despatched  him,  but  that  one  of  his  own  Indians 
called  hastily  to  him,  not  to  fire,  for  he  believed  it 
was  one  of  their  own  men. .  Upon  which  the  Indian 
upon  the  stump,  looked  about,  and  Captain  Church's 
Indian  seeing  his  face,  perceived  his  mistake,  for  he 
knew  him  to  be  Philip;  clapped  up  his  gun  aJid 
fired,  but  it  was  too  late;  for  Philip  imiTiediately 
threw  himself  off  the  stump,  leaped  down  a  l)ank  on 
the  other  side  of  the  river  and  made  his  escape. J 

*  This  mifrlit  be  a  brother  of  Maasassoit,  but  we  hear  of  none 
but  Quadc'cjuinah. 

f  Hubbard  places  the  dat<>,  of  this  action  on  the  31;  but 
according  to  our  author  it  was  on  Sunday,  and  Sunday  was  the  ;^0, 

I  lie  had  not  loufr  before  cut  off  liis  hair  tiiat  he  miyht  not  be 
known.     Hubbard. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Ill 


Captain  Church,  as  soon  as  possible  got  over  the 
river,  and  scattered  in  quest  of  Philip  and  his  com- 
pany ;  but  the  enemy  scattered  and  tied  every  way. 
[ — Y  He  picked  up  a  considerable  many  of  their 
women  and  children,  among  which  were  Philip's 
wife  and  son;  [the  sor]'^  about  nine  years  old. 
Discovering  a  considerable  new  track  along  the  river, 
and  examining  the  prisoners,  found  [that]  it  was 
Qimiiapin  and  the  Narragansets,  that  were  drawing 
oil'  from  those  parts  towards  ihe  Narraganset  coun- 
try. He  inquired  of  the  prisoners,  whether  Philip 
was  gone  in  the  same  track?  They  told  him  that 
(liey  did  not  know;  for  he  tied  in  a  great  fright  when 
the  first  English  gun  was  fired,  and  [that]  they  had 
none  of  them  seen  or  heard  any  thing  of  him  since. 

Ca|)tain  Church  left  part  of  his  company  there  to 
secure  the  prisoners  [which]  they  got,  and  to  pick 
u|)  what  more  they  could  find,  and  with  the  rest  of 
his  company  hastened  in  the  track  of  the  enemy  to 
overtake  them,  if  it  might  be  before  they  got  over  the 
river;  and  ran  some  miles  along  the  river,  until  he 
came  to  a  place  where  the  Indians  had  waded  over; 
and  he  with  his  company  waded  over  after  them,  up 
to  the  armpits ;  being  almost  as  wet  before  with 
sweat  as  the  river  could  make  them.  Following 
about  a  mile  further,  and  not  overtaking  them,  and 
the  Captain  being  under  [a]  necessity  to  return  that 
iii^ht  to  the  army,  came  to  a  halt;  told  his  company 
[lliiit]  he  must  return  to  his  other  men.  His  Indian 
soldiers  moved  for  leave  to  pursue  the  enemy, 
(though  he  returned);  [they]  said  [that]  the  Narra- 
gansets were  great  rogues,  and  [that]  they  wanted 
to  he  revenged  on  them  lor  killing  some  of  their 
relations;  named  Tockamona,  (Awashonks'  brother) 
and  some  others.  Captain  Church  bade  them  go  and 
pr()s[)er,  and  made  Lightfoot  their  chief,  and  gave 
liiin  the  title  of  Captain.  Bid  them  go  and  quit 
themselves  like  men.  And  away  they  scampered  like 
so  many  horses. 


Lh 


■'f.y 


112 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Next  morning*  early  they  returned  to  their  Cnp- 
tain,  and  informed  him  that  they  had  come  up  with 
the  enemy,  and  killed  several  of  them,  and  hrought 
him  thirteen  of  them  prisoners.  [They]  were  mighty 
jiroud  of  their  exploit,  and  rejoiced  much  at  the  op- 
iiortunity  of  avenging  ihemselves.f  Captain  Church 
sent  the  prisoners  to  Bridgewater,  and  sent  out  his 
scouts  to  see  what  enemies  or  tracks  they  could 
[lind.]  Discovering  some  small  tracks,  he  followed 
them,  found  where  the  enemy  had  kindled  some  fires, 
and  rousted  some  flesh,  &,c.,  hut  iiad  put  out  their 
fires  and  were  gone. 

Tlie  Captain  followed  them  by  the  track,  putting 
his  Indians  in  the  front;  some  of  which  wei'e  such 
as  he  had  newly  taken  from  the  enemy,  and  added 
ti^  his  comjiany.  [He]  gave  them  orders  to  mnrcii 
softly,  and  u|)on  hearing  a  whistle  in  the  rear,  to  sit 
down,  till  further  order;  or,  upon  discovery  oi'  ;niy 
of  the  entMny,  to  stop;  for  his  design  was,  if  lie 
could  discover  where  the  enemy  were,  not  to  fall 
upon  them  (unless  necessitated  to  it)  until  next  morn- 
ing. The  fndinns  in  the  front  came  up  with  many 
women  and  children,  and  others  that  were  faint  and 
tiri'd,  and  so  not  able  to  keep  up  with  the  company. 
These  gave  them  an  account,  that  Philip  with  a 
great  nund)er  of  the  enemy,  was  a  little  befon>. 

Captain  Church's  Indians  told  the  others,  [ihat] 
they  were  their  prisoners,  but  if  they  would  suhmit 
to  order,  and  be  still,  no  one  should  hurt  them. 
They  being  their  old  accpiaintance,  were  easily  per- 
suaded to  conform.  A  little  before  sunset  tli(;re 
was  a  halt  in  the  front,  until  the  Captain  came  up. 
They  told  him  [that]  they  discovered  the  enemy. 
He  ordered  them  to  dog  them,  and  watch  their  mo- 
tion till  it  was  dark.  Hut  I'hilip  soon  came  to  a 
sio|),    and    fell   to   breaking    and   chopping   wood,    to 

*  Aiifriist  1st. 

f  Mr.  ilul>l)ard  takes  no  notice  of  tiiis  exploit. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


113 


inake  fires;  and  a  great  noise  they  made.  Captain 
Church  draws  his  company  up  in  a  ring,  and  sat 
down  in  the  swamp  without  any  noise  or  fire. 

The  Indian  prisoners  were  much  surprised  to  see 
the  English  soldiers;  but  the  Captain  told  them, 
[that]  if  they  would  be  quiet,  and  not  make  any  dis- 
turbance or  noise,  they  should  meet  with  civil  treat- 
ment; but  if  they  made  any  disturbance,  or  offered 
to  run,  or  make  their  escape,  he  would  immediately 
kill  them  all;  so  they  were  very  submissive  and  ob- 
sequious. 

When  the  day  broke.  Captain  Church  told  his  pri- 
soners, that  his  expedition  was  such,  at  [that]'  time, 
that  he  could  not  afford  them  any  guard;  told  them, 
[that]  they  would  find  it  to  be  [to]  their  interest, 
to  attend  the  orders  he  was  now  about  to  give  them ; 
which  were,  that  when  the  fight  was  over,  which 
they  now  expected,  or  as  soon  as  the  firing  ceased, 
they  must  follow  the  track  of  his  company,  and  come 
to  them.  (An  Indian  is  next  to  a  blood  hound  to 
follow  a  track.)  He  said  to  them,  it  would  be  in  vain 
for  them  to  think  of  disobedience,  or  to  gain  any 
thing  by  it;  for  he  had  taken  and  killed  a  great  many 
of  tiie  Indian  rebels,  and  should,  in  a  little  time  kill 
and  take  all  the  rest,  &c. 

By  this  time  it  began  to  be  [as]'^  light  as  the  time 
that  he  usually  chose  to  make  his  onset.  He  moved, 
sending  two  soldiers  before,  to  try,  if  they  could 
privately  discover  the  enemy's  postures.  But  very 
unhappily  it  fell  out,  that  [at]  the  very  same  time, 
Philip  had  sent  two  of  his  [men]  as  a  scout  upon  his 
own  track,  to  see  if  none  dogged  [him.]-'  [They]* 
spied  the  two  Indian  men,  [ — Y  turned  short  about, 
and  fled  with  all  speed  to  their  camp,  and  Captain 
Church  pursued  as  fast  as  he  could.  The  two  In- 
dians set  a  yelling  and  howling,  and  made  the  most 
hideous  noise  they  could  invent,  soon  gave  the  alarm 
to  Philip  and  his  camp,  who  all  fled  at  the  first  tid- 
'[IhisJ        »[so]        '[thetnj        '[who]        '[and] 

8 


1!:;.:q 


!1     I 


'^vf5,  i 


^i 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 

ings ;  left  their  kettles  boiling,  and  meat  roasting 
upon  their  wooden  spits,  and  ran  into  a  swamp,*  with 
no  other  breakfast,  than  what  Captain  Church  after- 
wards treated  tliern  with. 

Captain  Church  pursuing,  sent  Mr.  Isaac  How- 
landf  with  a  party  on  one  side  of  the  swamp,  while 
himself  with  the  rest,  ran  on  the  other  side,  agreeing 
to  run  orf  each  side,  until  they  met  on  the  further 
end.  Placing  some  men  in  secure  stands  at  that  end 
of  the  swamp  where  Philip  entered,  concluding  that 
if  they  headed  him,  and  beat  him  back,  that  he 
would  take  back  in  his  own  track.  Captain  Church 
and  Mr.  Rowland  soon  met  at  the  further  end  of  the 
swamp,  (it  not  being  a  great  one)  where  they  met 
with  a  great  number  of  the  enemy,  well  armed,  com- 
ing out  of  the  swamp.  But  on  sight  of  the  English, 
th'^y  seemed  very  much  surprised  and  tacked  short. 
Captain  Church  called  hastily  to  them,  and  said, 
[that]  if  they  fired  one  gun  they  wei"e  all  dead  men ; 
for  he  would  have  them  to  know  that  he  had  them 
hemmed  in  with  a  force  sufficient  to  command  them ; 
but  if  they  peaceably  surrendered,  they  should  have 

food  quarter,!  &c.  They  seeing  the  Indians  and 
Inglish  come  so  thick  upon  them,  were  so  surprised, 
that  many  of  them  stood  still  and  let  the  English 
come  and  take  the  guns  out  of  their  hands,  when 
they  were  both  charged  and  cocked. 

Many,  both  men,  women  and  children  of  the  ene- 
my,  were    imprisoned    at   this  time;    while   Philip, 

*  This  swiimp  was  on  the  west  side  of  Taunton  river,  in 
Mattiipoiset  neck  in  Swanzey. 

f  A  brother  to  Jabez  Howland  before  mentioned,  and  son  of 
the  first  John  Howland,  wiiose  name  lives  among  the  celebrated 
FORTY  ONE.     See  note  1,  page  8!). 

J  We  may  conclude  that  Mr.  Hubbard  is  more  correct  in  his 
nccount  of  this  affair  than  our  author;  he  sa^-s,  that  one  of 
Church's  Indians  called  to  them  in  their  own  language,  &c.,  which 
from  the  circumstance  that  Mr.  Church  could  not  speak  Indian 
is  creditable.     Nar.  223. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


115 


Tispaquin,  Totoson,*  &c.,  concluded  that  the  Eng- 
lish would  pursue  them  upon  their  tracks,  so  were 
waylaying  [them]^  at  the  first  end  of  the  swamp; 
hoping  thereby  to  gain  a  shot  upon  Captain  Church, 
who  was  now  better  employed  in  taking  prisoners, 
and  running  them  into  a  valley,  in  form  something 
[ — Y  ''1^*^  ^  punch  bowl;  and  appointing  a  guard 
of  two  files,  treble  armed  with  guns  taken  from  the 

But  Philip  having  waited  all  this  while  in  vain, 
enemy. 

now  moves  on  after  the  rest  of  his  company  to  see 
what  was  become  of  them.  And  by  this  time  Cap- 
tain Church  had  got  into  the  swamp  ready  to  meet 
him,  and  as  it  happened  made  the  first  discovery, 
clapped  behind  a  tree,  until  Philip's  company  came 
pretty  near,  and  then  fired  upon  them;  killed  many 
of  them,  and  a  close  skirmish  followed.  Upon  this 
Philip  having  grounds  sufficient  to  suspect  the  event 
of  his  company  that  went  before  them,  fled  back  upon 
his  own.  track;  and  coming  to  the  place  where  the 
ambush  lay,  they  fired  on  each  other,  and  one  Lucas 
of  Plymouth,  not  being  so  careful  as  he  might  have 
been  about  his  stand,  was  killed  by  the  Indians. 

In  this  swamp  skirmish  Captain  Church,  with  his 
two  men  who  always  ran  by  his  side,  as  his  guard, 
met  with  three  of  the  enemy,  two  of  which  surren- 
dered themselves,  and  tiie  Captain's  guard  seized 
them,  but  the  other,  being  a  great,  stout,  surly  fellow, 

"  [their  tracks]  *  [shaped] 

*A  son  of  the  noted  Sam  Barrow.  Totoson,  as  will  pre- 
sently be  seen,  died  ot"  grief  for  the  destruction  of  his  family, 
and  loss  of  iiis  country.  He  was  one  of  the  si.x  Narraganset 
sachems  that  subscribed  the  treaty  in  July,  1675.  His  prin- 
cipal  place  of  resort  was  in  Rochester,  on  the  left  of  the  main 
road  as  you  pass  from  the  village  of  Rochester  to  Matt;ipoi- 
sct,  and  about  two  miles  from  the  latter.  It  was  a  jjiece  of 
high  ground  in  a  large  swamp,  connected  to  the  high  land  by 
a  narrow  neck,  over  which,  ail  had  to  pass  to  visit  him.  The 
road  passes  near  where  this  neck  joins  the  high  ground.  MS. 
Recollections. 


m 


fflfl' 

1 

n^^H 

1 

1 

■n 

^1 

no 


PHILIPS  WAR. 


with  his  two  locks  tied  up  with  red,  and  a  great  rat- 
tlesnake's skin  hanging  to  the  back  part  of  his  head, 
(who  Captain  Church  concluded  to  be  Totoson)  ran 
from  thetn  into  the  swamp.  Captain  Church  in  per- 
son pursued  him  close,  till  coming  pretty  near  up 
with  him,  presented  his  gun  between  his  shoulders, 
but  it  missing  fire,  the  Indian  perceiving  it,  turned 
and  presented  at  Captain  Church,  [but  his  gun]' 
missing  fire  also;  (their  guns  talung  wet  with  the  fog 
and  dew  of  the  morning)  [and]'^  the  Indian  turning 
short  for  another  run,  his  foot  tripped  in  a  small  grape 
vine,  and  he  fell  Hat  on  his  face.  Captain  Church 
was  by  this  time  up  with  him,  and  struck  the  muzzle 
of  his  gun,  an  inch  and  a  half,  into  the  back  part  of 
his  head,  which  despatched  him  without  another 
blow.*  But  Captain  Church  looking  behind  him, 
saw  Totoson,  the  Indian  whom  he  thought  he  had 
killed,  come  flying  at  him  like  a  dragon;  but  this 
happened  to  be  fair  in  sight  of  the  guard  that  were 
set  to  keep  the  prisoners,  who,  s[)ying  Totoson  and 
others  that  were  following  him,  in  the  very  seasonable 
juncture  made  a  shot  upon  them,  and  rescued  their 
Captain ;  though  he  was  in  no  small  danger  from  his 
friends'  bullets;  for  some  of  them  came  so  near  him 
that  he  thought  he  felt  the  wind  of  them. 

The  skirmish  being  over,  they  gathered  their  pri- 
soners together,  and  found  the  number  that  they  had 
killed  and  taken,  was  one  hundred  and  seventy-three, 
(the  prisoners  which  they  took  over  night  included) 
who  after  the  skirmish,  came  to  them  as  they  were 
ordered.f 

Now  having  no  provisions  but  what  they  took  from 
'  [and]  "  [but] 

*  It  cannot,  now,  be  iuscert;iined  who  this  Indian  wariiour  was, 
but  his  bravery  was  not  UMe()ual,  piThajis,  to  numberless  civilized 
warriours  wiiose  individual  fame  has  filled  far  bulkier  books 
than  this. 

+  These  exploits  took  up  two  days,  namely  the  2,  and  3 
Auijust. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


117 


the  enemy,  they  hastened  to  Biidgevvater,  sending  an 
express  before  to  provide  lor  them,  their  company 
being  now  very  numerous.* 

Tlie  gentlemen  of  Bridgewater  met  Captain  Church 
with  great  expressions  of  honour  and  thanks,  and  re- 
ceived him  and  his  army  with  all  due  respect  and 
kind  treatment. 

-  Captain  Church  drove  his  prisoners  (that  night) 
into  Bridgewater  pound,  and  set  his  Indian  soldiers 
to  guard  them.  They  being  well  treated  with  victu- 
als and  drink,  they  had  a  merry  night,  and  the  prison- 
ers laughed  as  loud  as  the  soldiers;  not  being  so 
treated  [for]  a  long  time  before. 

Some  of  the  Indians  now  said  to  Captain  Church, 
"  Sir,  you  have  now  made  Philip  ready  to  die,  for 
you  have  made  him  as  poor  and  miserable  as  he  used 
to  make  the  English;  for  you  have  now  killed  or 
taken  all  [of]  his  relations;  that  they  believed  he 
would  now  soon  have  his  head,  and  that  this  bout 
had  almost  broken  his  heart," 

'^he  next  dayf  Captain  Church  moved,  and  arriv- 
rA  with  all  his  pria^ners  safe  at  Plymouth.  The 
great  English  army  was  now  at  Taunton,  and  Major 
Talcot.J  with  the  Connecticut  forces,  being  in  these 
parts  of  the  country,  did  considerable  spoil  upon  the 
enemy. 

*  Cliureh  had  but  about  80  Enjrlislimeii  and  20  reconciled 
Indians,  says  Hubbard,  223,  as  before  noted;  and  that  he 
toolc  about  153  prisoners.  It  is  prob.ible  that  he  is  a  little 
out  of  the  way  in  the  former,  as  well  as  tiie  latter  part  of  the 
statement. 

f  August  14. 

j  Major  John  Talcot.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  wo  have 
no  account  of  this  military  ehiefliiin  in  a  biographical  work. 
There  are  many  of  this  class,  which,  should  tiiey  receive  a 
small  part  of  the  attention  bestowed  on  some  obscure  charac- 
ters, would  add  much  to  the  vahie  of  such  works.  I  have 
little  information  of  IMajor  Talcot,  except  what  is  contain- 
ed in  the  valuable  History  of  Connecticut.  In  note  1,  on 
page  107,  a  few  of  his  exploits  are  sketched;  but  about  this 
time  he  was  as  busy  as   Ciiurch,  and  performed  very  signal 


;. ' 


118 


rniMP's  WAR. 


I 


i 


hi,  I 
I- 1  j 


Ni)\v  CnpfMin  riiurch  beinji;  arrived  at  Plymouth 
received  thanks  IVdih  the  goveriunent  lor  his  good 
service,  &c.  Many  of  his  soldiers  were  disbanded, 
and  lie  tliou<jjht  to  rest  hiniself  awhile;  heiiiij  much 
latiuued,  and  his  health  impaired,  hy  excessive  heats 
and  colds,  wading  through  rivers,  cVc.  But  it  was 
not  long  before  he  was  called  upon  to  rally,  upon 
advice  that  some  of  the  enemy  were  discovered  in 
Dartmouth  woods. 

He  took  his  Indians  and  as  many  English  volun- 
teers as  presented  to  go  with  him;  scattering  into 
sniall  parcels,  Mr.  Jabez  Ilowland  (who  was  now, 
and  often,  his  Lieutenant,  and  a  worthy  good  soldier) 
had  the  fortune  to  discover  and  imprison  a  parcel 
of  the  enemy.  In  the  evening  they  met  together  at 
an  appointed  place,  and  by  examining  the  prisoners 
they  gained  intelligence  ol  Totoson's  haunt.*  And 
being  brisk  in  the  morning,  they  soon  gained  an  ad- 
vantage of  Totoson's  company, t  though  he  himself, 

services.  Aftor  lie  liad  recruited  liis  men  at  home  a  short 
time,  lie  received  intelligence  that  n  large  body  of  Indians 
were  tleeinir  to  the  westward.  IVIajor  Talcot  overtook  them 
near  the  close  of  the  thh'd  day,  between  VVestficld  and  Alba- 
ny on  the  west  side  of  Housatonick  river.  On  the  following 
morning  he  divided  his  men  into  two  parties;  one  was  to 
cross  the  river  and  come  upon  their  front,  at  the  same  time 
the  other  fell  upon  their  rear.  This  well  concerted  plan 
camo  near  being  ruined;  as  the  first  party  were  crossing  the 
river  they  were  discovered  by  one  of  tiie  enemy  who  was 
out,  fi.shing.  He  hallooed,  "Awanimx!  Awaniuix!"  and  was 
immediately  shot  down.  This  surprised  tiie  enemy,  and 
the  gun  was  tiikeii  for  the  signal  to  begin  the  onset  by  the 
Dther  party,  who  discharged  upon  them  as  they  were  rising 
from  sleep.  All  that  were  not  killed  or  wounded  fled  into 
the  woods  which  were  very  thick,  and  the  pursuit  was  given 
up.  Forty-tive  of  the  enemy  were  killed  and  taken,  among 
the  former  was  the  sachem  of  Quabaog.  The  army  now 
returned.  The  Major  had  at  tirst  350  men  beside  friendly 
Indians. 


*See  note  on  page  115. 

t  Hubbard,  Nar.  232,  says  that  about  fifty  were  taken   at 
this  time. 


1  I 


!■ 


yn 


TOTOSOJ^.        P.  1  IS. 


I 


I'll  I  LIP'S  WAR. 


110 


with  his  son  nl)out  eij^ht  years  old,  made  their  escape, 
and  one  old  scjuaw  witli  them,  to  A^awon),*  his  own 
country.  But  Sam  Barrow, f  as  noted  a  roj^ue  as 
any  amonj^  the  enemy,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Eng- 
lish at  this  time.  Captain  Church  fold  him,  that  he- 
cause  of  his  inhuman  murders  and  l)arharities,  the 
Court  had  allowed  him  no  (piarter,  but  was  to  he 
forthwith  put  to  death;  and  therefore  he  was  to  j)re- 
pare  for  it.  Barrow  replied,  that  the  sentence  of 
death  aijainst  him  was  just,  and  that  indeed  he  was 
ashamed  to  live  any  longer,  and  desired  no  more  fa- 
vour, than  to  smoke  a  whifV  of  tobacco  before  his 
execution.  When  he  had  taken  a  few  whilFs,  he  said, 
he  was  ready  ;  upon  which  one  of  Captain  Church's 
Indians  sunk  his  hatchet  into  his  brains. 

The  famous  Totoson  arriving  at  Agawom.J  his 
son,§  which  was  the  last  that  was  left  of  the  family, 
(Captain  Church  having  destroyed  all  the  rest)  iell 
sick.  The  wretch  reflecting  upon  the  miserable  con- 
dition he  had  brought  himself  into,  his  heart  became 
a  stone  within  him,  and  [he]  died.  The  old  squaw 
flung  a  few  leaves  and  brush  over  him,  came  into 
Sandwich,  and  gave  this  account  of  his  death;  and 
oflered  to  show  them  where  she  left  his  body  ;  but 
never  had  the  opportunity,  for  she*  immediately  fell 
sick  and  died  also. 

*  In  Rochester. 

+  I  find  notliiiifif  more  recorded  of  Barrow,  tlinn  what  is  here 
piveii.  It  appears  that  he  had  been  a  noted  villahi,  and  perliaps 
his  sentence  was  just.  Hut  lie  was  an  old  man,  and  would  liave 
died  s()(ui  enoui,'h  without  murdering.  No  doubt  he  made  great 
eti'orts  to  redeem  his  sinking  country,  an  account  of  which  can- 
not i)e  had  at  this  day,  which  with  many  otliers  we  have  greatly 
to  lament  the  loss  of  with  the  generations  to  come. 

t  (Several  places  were  called  Agawom ;  [or  Agawam]  as  at 
Ij)swicii  and  Springfield ;  this  Agawom  lies  in  VVareham.) 

It  is  probable  tliat  Totoson  had  other  places  of  resort  as  well 
as  in  Rochester,  but  that  described  in  note  on  page  115,  is  sup- 
posed to  be  the  principal. 

{Totoson,  son  of  Sam  Barrow,  is  meant. 


tmi 


'   f 


1 1 


^1 


II 


130 


l'IIIhII»'S  WAR. 


Captain  riiurc'h  l)i'iiii»  now  at  Plyinniith  a^aiii, 
weary  and  worn,  wouhl  liavi'  ijone  home  to  liis  wile 
and  i'aniily,  but  the  p)veiinn('nt  hein^  solicitous  to 
ennaf^e  him  in  the  service  until  I'hilip  was  slain  ;  and 
pi'omisiiiir  him  satisfaction  and  redress  lor  some  mis- 
treatment that  he  had  i»»et  with,  he  fixes  for  another 
expedition.  • 

He  had  soon  volunteers  enou^li  to  make  up  the 
company  he  desired,  and  marciied  throULjh  the 
■\vo(m1s,  until  Ifip  came  to  I'ocasset.  And  not  seeinuj 
or  hearinii  of  any  of  the  enemy,  they  went  over  the 
ferry  to  Khodeisland,  to  refresh  themselves.  The 
Captain  with  about  half  a  dozen  in  his  company, 
took  hors(>s  and  rode  about  eiirht  miles  down  the 
island,  to  Mr.  Sanford's,  where  he  had  left  his  wife.* 
[She]'  no  sooner  saw  him,  but  fainted  with  surprise ; 
and  by  that  time  she  was  a  little  revived,  tliey  spied 
two  horsemen  comiiiij  a  jjreat  pace.  Captain  Church 
told  his  company,  that  "Those  men  (t)y  their  ridin'i) 
come  witli  tidings."'  When  they  came  up,  they  prov- 
ed to  be  Major  Sanford.f  and  Captain  tJoldint;. 
[They]"  immediately  asked  Cai>fain  (Miurch,  what 
he  would  ^ive  to  hear  some  news  of  Philip?  lie  re- 
plied, that  [that]  was  what  he  wanted.  They  told 
Iiim,  [that]  they  had  rode  hard  with  some  hopes  of 
overtaking  him,  and  were  now  come  on  pur])ose  to 
inform  him,  that  there  were  just  now  tidiui^s  from 
INIounthope.  An  Indian  came  d<nvn  from  thence 
(where  ]*hilip's  cnnip  now  was)  [ — ]'  to  Sandy  point, 
over  against  Triji's,  and  hallooed,  and  made  signs  to 


•  [who] 


» [wl.o] 


•[on] 


♦This  was  on  the  11  August. 

f  Tlie  siinio  very  prohnMy.  wlio  nrrcstcd  Sir  Edniiiiul  Andros 
at  R.  I.  in  HiSi*.  Aiidros  was  tiu'n  a  prisoiuT  at  tho  castli'  in 
Boston  iiaibour,  whi-n  liis  si-rvant.  hy  the  assistance  of  Hacclius, 
c.'iusi'd  the  sentinel  to  U't  him  .stand  in  liis  stead,  and  Sir  Ktlinnnd 
escaped.  Hnteliiiison.  I,  34!>.  'J'he  name  is  not  iniit'ormiy  sju'lt. 
In  the  text  of  lliitiirnisiin,  the  tirst  (/  is  omitted,  as  in  our  te.xt 
page  102,  but  in  iiis  Inde.v  two  ties  are  used. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


131 


be  «»v.iu..i  <\yeT.  And  hoirif?  notched  over,  ho  report- 
ed, thai  »ni  f/rts  fleJ  from  IMiilip,  "  who  (said  \w)  hns 
killed  inj  Lrotho."  just  hcfort!  [  cnme  away,  tor  giv- 
iii:^  some  Kvlvice  lliijt  displeased  irmi."*  And  said, 
[tliatj  he  wua  i)c\)  I'm  fear  of  meeting  with  the  same 
his  brother  had  mot  with.  Told  them  also,  that 
Phili|)  was  now  in  Monnthopc  neck.  Captain  Church 
thanked  them  for  their  good  news,  and  said,  [that] 
h»!  hoped  by  to-morrow  mornin;;  to  have  the  rogue's 
head.  The  horses  that  he  and  his  company  came 
on,  standing  at  the  door,  (for  they  had  not  been  un- 
saddh.'d)  his  wife  nuist  content  herself  with  a  short 
visit,  when  such  gaini;  was  ahead.  They  immediate- 
ly mounted,  set  spurs  to  th(;ir  horses,  and  away. 

Tiie  two  f^cnllemcn  that  bronj^ht  him  the  tidings, 
told  him,  [that]  th(!y  would  gladly  wait  upon  him  to 
see  the  event  of  the  exi)edition.  lie  thanked  them, 
and  told  them,  [that]  he  should  be  as  fond  of  tlusir 
company  as  any  men's;  and  (in  short)  they  went 
with  him.  And  they  were  soon  at  Trip's  ferry,  (with 
Captain  Church's  company)  where  the  deserter  was. 
[He]'  was  a  fellow  of  good  sense,  and  told  his  story 
handsomely.  He  ollered  Captain  Church,  to  pilot 
him  to  Philip,  and  to  help  to  kill  him,  that  he  might 
rev(;ng(!  his  brother's  death.  Told  him,  that  Philip 
was  now  upon  a  little  spot  of  upland,  that  was  in  the 
south  end  of  the  miry  swamp,  just  at  the  foot  of  the 
mount,  which  was  a  spot  of  ground  that  Captain 
Church  was  well  acipiainted  with. 

By  that  time  they  were  over  the  ferry,  and  came 
near  the  ground, half  thn  night  was  spent.  The  Cap- 
tain commands  a  halt,  and  bringing  the  company  to- 
iictiier,  he  asked  Major  Sanford's  and  Captain  Gold- 
ing's  advice,  what  method  [it]  was  best  to  take  in 
makiihg  the  onset;  but  they  declined  giving  him  any 

1  [who] 

•  Mr.  Hubbard  says  that  it  was  for  advising  him  to  ma'  9 
[ye&ce  with  the  English. 
F 


1 

;• 

! 

4 

I 

£ 

1 

i 

! 

1 

,    i 
Ml 

i 

i 

133 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


advice  ^  telling  him,  that  his  great  experience  and 
success  forbid  their  taking  upon  them  to  give  advice. 
Then  Captain  Church  oflered  Captain  Golding  [ — ]• 
the  honour  (if  he  would  please  accept  of  it)  to  beat 
up  Philip's  headquarters.  He  accepted  the  oUbr 
and  had  his  allotted  number  drawn  out  to  him,  and 
the  pilot.  Captain  Church's  instructions  to  him 
were,  to  be  very  careful  in  his  approach  to  the  ene- 
my, and  be  sure  not  to  show  himself,  until  by  day- 
light they,might  see  and  discern  their  own  men  from 
the  enemy  ;  told  him  also,  that  his  custom  in  like 
cases,  was,  to  creep  with  his  company,  on  their  b(;l- 
lies,  until  they  came  as  near  as  they  could  ;  and  that 
as  soon  as  the  enemy  discovered  them,  they  would 
cry  out,  and  that  was  the  word  for  his  men  to  fire 
and  fall  on.  [He]  directed  him,  [that]  when  the 
enemy  should  start  and  take  into  the  swamp,  [that] 
they  should  pursue  with  speed  ;  every  man  shouting 
and  making  what  noise  [he]^  could;  for  he  would 
give  orders  to  his  ambuscade  to  fire  on  any  that 
should  come  silently. 

Captain  Church  knowing  that  it  was  Philip's  cus- 
tom to  be  foremost  in  the  flight,  went  down  to  the 
swamp,  and  pave  Captain  Williams  of  Scituate  the 
command  of  ihe  right  wing  of  the  ambush,  and  pla- 
ced an  Englishman  and  an  Indian  together  behind 
such  shelters  of  trees,  &.C.,  [as]"'  he  could  find,  and 
took  care  to  place  them  at  such  distance,  that  none 
might  pass  undiscovered  between  them ;  charred 
tiiem  to  be  careful  of  themselves,  and  of  hurting 
their  friends,  and  to  fire  at  anv  that  should  come  si- 
lenlly  through  the  swamp.  But  [it]  being  soincnvliat 
farther  through  the  swamp  than  he  was  aware  of,  he 
wanted  men  to  make  up  his  ambuscade. 

Having  placed  what  men  he  had,  he  took  Major 
Sanf'ord  by  the  hand,  [and]  said,  "  Sir  I  have  so  pla- 
ced them  that  it  is  scarce  possible  Philip  should 
escape  them."  The  same  moment  a  shot  whistled 
I  [that  he  shoulil  have]        a  [they]        »  [that] 


f 


DE.1TH  VF  KWa  PUIL.'P.       P.  IM. 


I 


Uii 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


123 


over  their  heads,  and  then  the  noise  of  a  gun  towards 
Philip's  camp.  Captain  Church,  at  first,  thought 
[that]  it  might  be  some  gun  fired  by  accident ;  but 
before  he  could  speak,  a  whole  volley  followed,  which 
was  earlier  than  he  expected.  One  of  Philip's  gang 
going  forth  to  ease  himself,  when  he  had  done,  look- 
ed round  him,  and  Cnptain  Golding  thought  [that] 
the  Indian  looked  right  at  him,  (though  probably  it 
was  but  his  conceit)  so  fired  at  him ;  and  upon  his 
firing,  the  whole  company  that  were  with  him  fired 
upon  the  enemy's  shelter,  before  the  Indians  had 
time  to  rise  from  their  s'"ep,  and  so  over  shot  them 
But  their  shelter  was  open  on  that  side  next  the 
swamp,  built  so  on  purpose  for  th  ;  convenience  of 
flight  on  occasion.  They  were  soon  in  the  swamp, 
but  Philip  the  foremost,  who  started  at  the  first  gun, 
threw  his  petunk  and  powderhorn  over  his  head, 
catched  up  his  gun,  and  ran  as  fast  as  he  could 
scamper,  without  any  more  clothes  than  his  small 
breeches  and  stockings ;  and  ran  directly  on  two  of 
Captain  Church's  ambush.  They  let  him  come  fair 
within  shot,  and  the  Englishman  s  gun  missing  fire, 
he  bid  the  Indian  fire  away,  and  he  did  so  to  [the] 
purpose ;  sent  one  musket  bullet  through  his  heart, 
and  another  not  above  two  inches  from  it.  He  fell 
upon  his  face  in  the  mud  and  water,  with  his  gun  un- 
der him.* 

*  Thus  fell  the  celebrated  King  Philip,  the  implacable  enemy 
of  civilization.  Never,  perhaps,  did  the  fall  of  any  prince  or 
warriour  aflbrd  so  much  space  for  solid  reflection.  Had  the 
resources  of  this  hero  been  equal  to  those  of  his  enemies,  what 
would  have  been  their  fate  1  This  exterminating  war  had  not  been 
known  to  millions !  How  vast  the  contrast !  when  this  country 
is  viewed  in  its  present  populous  and  flourishing  state,  extending 
over  thousands  of  miles,  and  the  sound  of  civilization  emanating 
from  every  part;  and  when  presented  to  the  imagination  in  tlie 
days  of  Philip;  with  only  here  and  there  a  solitary  dwelling, 
surrounded  with  an  endless  wilderness. 

Before  the  fall  of  Philip,  the  Indians  for  some  time  had  been 
loosing   groinid,    and    were    considered    as    nearly    subdued, 


ft 


'  i: 


I 


n; 


Is 


124 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


By  this  time  the  enemy  perceived  [that]  they  were 
waylaid  on  the  east  side  of  the  swamp,  [and]  tacked 
short  about.  One  of  the  enemy,  who  seemed  to  be 
a  great,  surly  old  fellow ;  hallooed  with  a  loud  voice, 
and  often  called  out,  "  lootash,  lootash"*  Captain 
Church  called  to  his  Indian,  Peter,  and  asked  him, 
who  that  was  that  called  so  ?  He  answered,  that  it 
was  old  Annawon,f  Philip's  great  Captain ;  calling 

but  this  event  clearly  decided  their  fate  ;  doubts  were  no 
longer  entertained  of  their  appearing  formidable.  To  this 
memorable  and  important  event,  we  are  able  to  fix  the  date, 
with  that  certainty,  which  adds  lustre  to  the  pages  of  histo- 
ry. Other  historians  agree  that  it  was  on  the  12  August, 
and  this  history  clearly  indicates  that  it  was  on  th*?  morning 
of  a  certain  dav,  which,  therefore,  falls  on  Saturday  morningj 
12  August,  1676.  Mr.  Hubbard,  Nar.  226,  says,  "With 
Philip  at  this  time  fell  five  of  his  trustiest  followers."  To 
know  their  names  would  be  a  relief. 

•  This  is  evidently  a  word  of  three  syllables,  and  is  very  easy 
to  pronounce.  It  should  be  thus  divided,  I-oo-tash  ;  giving  the 
second  syllable  the  same  sound  that  oo  has  in  moose,  mood, 
■  &c.  VVhy  Dr.  Morse  should  alter  this  word  to  Tootash,  I 
cannot  account.  It  is  certainly  an  unwarrantable  deviation 
and  should  not  be  countenanced.  See  Annals  of  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution,  53,  and  the  edition  of  1820  of  his  Hist.  N. 
England. 

t  This  word  also,  the  author  of  the  Annals  of  the  Ameri- 
can Revolution  has  thought  proper  to  alter  to  Anawon  ;  this, 
however,  is  less  important  than  that  mentioned  in  the  last 
note,  but  should  not  be  warranted.  Some  contend  that  its 
termination  should  be  written  tcan,  as  being  i.iore  agreeable 
to  analogy.  I  cannot  think  that  it  is;  because  the  author, 
without  doubt,  intended  by  the  termination  won,  to  convey 
the  sound  of  toun,  and  not  that  heard  in  swan. 

What  is  preserved  of  this  warriour  is  found  in  this  history. 
His  principal  camp  was  in  Squannaconk  swamp,  in  Reho- 
both,  where  he  was  taken  by  Cnurch,  as  will  presently  be 
seen.     In  a  preceding  pago,  'fyasks  was  called  the  next  man 


to  Philip  ;  but,  that  Annawon  stood  in  that  idace,  is  evident 
from  his  being  possessed  of  that  chief's  royalties  after  he  was 
killed.    Mr.  Hubbard  s?ys  that  a  son  of  Philip's  chief  Captain 


was  killed  when  Philij)  was.  But  as  it  is  not  possible  for  me 
to  ascertain  with  certainty  who  he  means  by  Philip's  ciiief 
Captain,  we  cannot  tell  whether  he  were  a  son  of  AnnawoD 
or  not }  but  it  appears  quite  [.robable  to  me  that  he  was. 


PHILIP'S  WAR: 


125 


on  his  soldiers  to  stand  to  it,  and  fight  stoutly.  Now 
the  enemy  finding  that  place  of  the  swamp  which 
was  not  ambushed,  many  of  them  made  their  escape 
in  the  English  tracks. 

The  man  that  had  shot  down  Philip,  ran  with  all 
speed  to  Captain  Church,  and  informed  him  of  his 
exploit,  who  commanded  him  to  be  silent  about  it 
and  let  no  man  more  know  it,  until  they  had  driven 
the  swamp  clean.  But  when  they  had  driven  the 
swamp  through,  and  found  [that]  the  enemy  had 
escaped,  or  at  least,  the  most  of  them,  and  the  sun 
now  up,  and  so  the  dew  gone,  that  they  could  not 
easily  track  them,  the  whole  company  met  together 
at  the  place  where  tlie  enemy's  night  shelter  was. 
and  then  Captain  Church  gave  them  the  news  ot 
Philip's  d<}ath.  Upon  which  the  whole  army  gave ' 
three  loud  huzzas. 

Captain  Church  ordered  his  body  to  be  pulled  out/' 
of  the  mire  to  tiie   upland.     So   some  of  Captain! 
Church's  Indians  took  hold  of  him  by  liis  stockings,  | 
and  some  by  his  small  breechns    (being  otherwise  ' 
naked)  and  drew  him  tiirougli   tho  m'ld  to   the  up- 
land; and  a  doleful,  great,  naked,  dirty  beast  heS 
looked  like.*     Captain  Church  then  said,  that  foras-/ 
much  as  he  had  caused  many  an  Englishman's  body 
to  be  unburied,  and  to  rot  above  ground,  that  not 
one  of  his  bones  should  be  buried.     And  calling  his 
old  Indian  executioner,  bid  him  behead  and  quarter! 
him.     Accordingly  he  came  with  his   hatchet  and\ 
stood  over  him,  but  before  he  struck  he  made  a  small 
speech  directing  it  to  Philip,  [which  was,  that]^  "  he 
had   been  a  very  great  man,  and  had   made  many  a 
man  afraid  of  him,  but  so  big  as  he  was,  he  would  now 

1  [and  said] 

■*IIow  iiiitund  is  tlic  pi-oinMisity  of  iii;in,  to  (ixiilt  in  the  ftiil  of 
liis  enoiny !  llowuvi-r  irreiit  or  bnive,  if  tlif  ^re;it  disposur  of 
events  rciidiTs  him  iiiiprolit ibiy  so,  no  allow. ncc  is  ni;uie  in  the 
day  of  victory,  thouyii  the  iionour  of  the  lumjueror  is  measured 
by  tiiut  of  iiis  foe. 


I-  a 


I  ill 


12G 


PHILIP'S  WAR 


I  ^ 


cliop  him    in    pieces."*     And  so  he  went  to  work 
ajid  did  as  he  was  ordered. f 

Philip  having  one  very  remarkable  hand,  being 
much  scarred,  occasioned  by  the  splitting  of  a  pis- 
tol in  it  formerly,  Captain  Church  gave  the  head 
and  that  hand  to  Alderman,J  the  Indian  who  shot 
him,  to  show  to  such  gentlemen  as  woyld  bestow  gra- 
tuities upon  him ;  and  accordingly  he  got  many  a 
penny  by  it. 

This  being  on  the  last  day  of  the  week,  the  Cap- 
tain wiih  his  company,  returned  to  the  island,  [and] 
tarried  there  until  Tuesday  ;§  and  then  went  on  and 
ranged  through  all  the  woods  to  Plymouth,  and  re- 
ceived their  premium,  which  was  thirty  shillings  per 
i  nead,  for  the  enemies  which  they  had  killed  or  taken, 
I  instead  of  all  wages;  and  Philip's  head  went  at  the 
I  same  price.     Methinks  it  is  scanty  reward,  and  poor 
\encouragement;  though  it  was  better  than  [it]'  had 

1  [what] 

•  Dr.  Morse  in  copying  from  this  history,  quotes  the  above 
speech  thus ;  "You  nave  been  os^e  very  great  man.  You 
have  made  many  a  man  afraid  of  you.  But  so  big  as  you  be, 
I  will  chop  you  in  pieces." 

t  Being  quartered  he  was  hanged  up,  and  his  head  carried 
in  triumph  to  Plymouth.  Magnalia,  II,  498,  499.  "  That 
very  night  [{Previous  to  his  death]  Philip  had  been  dreaming 
tliat  he  was  fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  English  ;  and  now 
just  as  he  was  telling  his  dream,  with  advice  unto  his  friends 
to  fly  for  their  lives,  lest  the  knave  who  had  newlv  gone  from 
them  should  show  the  English  how  to  come  at  them,  Captain 
Church,  with  his  company,  fell  in  upon  them."  Ibid.  Per- 
haps this  story  deserves  as  much  credit  as  that  on  page  20, 
note  1.  Mr.  Hubbard,  no  doubt  heard  this  part  of  the  story, 
but  perhaps  not  having  as  much  faith  in  dreams  as  the  au- 
thor of  the  Magnaha,  thought  proper  to  omit  it. 

J  This  was  the  same  Indian,  whose  brother  was  killed, 
and  who  informed  the  English  where  to  tind  Philip.  Trum- 
bull, Hist.  Con.  I,  349. 

§  August  15. 


H 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


12T 


been  some  time  before.  For  this  march  they  receiv- 
ed/our shillings  and  sixpence  a  man,  which  was  all 
the  reward  they  had,  except  the  honour  of  killing 
Philip.     This  was  in  the  latter  end*  of  August,  107G. 

Captain  Church  had  been  but  a  little  while  at  Ply- 
mouth, before  a  post  from  Rehoboth  came  to  inform 
the  Governour,  that  old  Annawon,  Philip's  chief  Cap- 
tain, was  with  his  company  ranging  about  their 
woods,  and  was  very  offensive  and  pernicious  to  Re- 
hoboth and  Swanzey.  Captain  Church  was  imme- 
diately sent  for  again,  and  treated  with  to  engage  in 
one  expedition  more.  He  told  them,  [that]  their  en- 
couragement was  so  poor,  he  feared  [that]  his  sol- 
diers would  be  dull  about  going  again.  But  being 
a  hearty  friend  to  the  cause,  he  rallies  again,  goes  to 
Mr.  Jabez  Howland,  his  old  Lieutenant,  and  some 
of  his  soldiers  that  used  to  go  out  with  him ;  told 
them  how  the  case  was  circumstanced,  and  that  he 
had  intelligence  of  old  Annawon's  walk  and  haunt, 
and  wanted  hands  to  hunt  him.  They  did  not  want 
much  entreating,  but  told  him,  [that]  they  would  go 
with  him  as  long  as  there  was  an  Indian  left  in  the 
woods.  He  moved  and  rang(,'d  through  the  woods 
to  Pocasset. 

It  being  the  latter  end  of  the  week,  he  proposed 
to  go  on  to  Rhodeisland,  and  rest  until  Monday : 
but  on  the  Lord's  day  morning,f  there  came  a  post 
to  inform  the  Captain,  that  early  the  same  morning, 
a  canoe  with  several  Indians  in  it,  passed  from  Pru- 
dence islandj  to  Poppasquash§  neck.  Captam 
Church   thought  if  he  could  possibly  surprise  them, 

•  The  rcnson  of  this  anachronism  is  explained  in  note  1 
on  \yd)^e  94. 

t  August  20, 

I  A  long  and  crooked  Island  on  the  west  side  of  Rhode* 
islnnd,  extending  fi-oin  near  the  centre  of  Rhodeisland  to 
Warwick  neck,  in  length  about  6  miles. 

§  (On  the  west  side  of  Bristol.) 

And  separated  from  it  by  Bristol  bay. 


■J'lH 


128 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


pi 


[that]  he  might  probably  gain  some  intclVigence  of 
more  gaiiid ;  therefore  he  made  all  possible  speed 
alter  ^hem.  The  ferry  l)'»at  being  out  of  the  way 
he  made  use  of  canoes.  Hut  by  that  time  they  had 
made  two  freights,  and  had  got  over  about  fifteen  or 
sixteen  of  his  Indians,  the  wind  sprung  up  with  such 
violence  that  canoes  could  no  more  pass.*  The 
Captain  seeing  it  was  impossible  for  any  more  of  his 
soldiers  to  come  to  him,  he  told  his  Indians,  [that] 
if  they  were  willing  to  go  with  him,  he  would  go  to 
Poppasquash,  and  see  if  they  could  catch  some  of 
the  enemy  Indians.  They  were  willing  to  go,  but 
were  sorry  [that]  they  had  no  English  soldiers. f 
So  they  marched  through  the  thickets  that  they 
might  not  be  discovered,  until  they  came  unto  the 
salt  meadow,  to  the  northward  of  Bristol  town,  that 
now  is,  [when] '  they  heard  a  gun ;  the  Captain 
looked  about,  not  knowing  but  it  might  be  some  of 
his  own  company  in  the  rear.  So  halting  till  they  all 
came  up,  he  found  [that]  it  was  none  of  his  own 
company  that  fired. 

Now,  though  he  had  hut  a  few  men,  [he]  was 
minded  to  send  some  of  them  out  on  a  scout.  He 
moved  it  to  Captain  Lightfoot  to  go  with  three 
[others]  "  on  a  scout ;  he  said  [that]  he  was  willing, 
provided  the  Captain's  man,  Nathaniel  (which  was 
an  Indian  they  had  lately  taken)  might  be  one  of 
them,  because  he  was  well  acquainted  with  the 
1  [th'-n]  s  [more] 

•  This  event  was  but  a  few  tlays  more  than  one  humlrrd 
years  before  the  ('.elebrateil  iiassage  of  Wasliington  over  llie 
Delaware  to  attack  the  Hossans  at  Trenton,  which  has  Ixon 
so  beautifully  described  by  Barlow.  See  his  Coluuiliiad,  H. 
vi.  line  91  to  214.  Perhaps  (his  oxpedition  of  tiie  heroiclt 
Church,  in  the  small  days  of  Newcnsland  was  of  as  nuicii 
consequence  as  greater  ones  were  a  century  after.  It  is  not 
impossible,  but  that  another  Barlow  may  arise  and  sin;;  f^ver 
the  events  of  these  days  of  yore      A.  vast  theme  for  a  poet ! 

t  They  had  one  or  more  Englishmen  in  the  coaipauy  as 
will  appear  presently. 


y 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


129 


neck,  and  coming  lately  from  among  tJicm,  know" 
how  lo  call  them. 

The  Captain  bid  him  choose  his  three  companions, 
and  go ;  and  if  they  came  across  any  of  the  enemy, 
not  to  kill  them  if  they  could  possibly  take  them 
alive,  that  they  miglR  gain  intelligence  concerning 
Annawon.  The  Captain  with  the  rest  of  his  com- 
pany moved  but  a  little  way  furtlier  toward  Poppa- 
8(juash,  before  they  heard  another  gun,  which  seem- 
ed to  be  the  same  way  with  tiie  other,  but  further  olF; 
but  they  made  no  halt  until  they  came  unto  the  nar- 
row of  Poppasquash  neck;  where  Captain  Church 
left  three  men  more  to  watch,  [and  see]  if  any  should 
c'»me  out  of  the  neck,  and  to  inform  the  scout,  when 
they  returned,  which  way  he  was  gone. 

He  parted  the  remainder  of  his  company,  half  on 
one  side  of  the  neck,  and  the  other  with  himself  went 
on  the  other  side,  [ — ]  ^  until  they  met ;  and  mcetiiig 
neither  with  Indians  nor  canoes,  returned  big  with  ex»- 
pectations  of  tidings  by  their  scout.  But  when  tliey 
came  back  to  the  three  men  at  the  narrow  of  the 
nock,'  they  told  their  Captain  [that]  the  scout,  [had]* 
not  returned,  [and]  had  heard  nor  seen  any  thing  of 
them.  This  filled  them  with  thoughts  of  what  should 
become  of  them.  By  that  time  they  had  sat  and 
waited  an  hour  longer,  it  was  very  dark,  and  they 
despaired  of  their  returning  to  them. 

Some  of  the  Indians  told  their  Captain,  [that] 
they  feared  his  new  man,  Nathaniel,  had  met  with  his 
old  Mounthope  friends,  and  [ — ]^  turned  rogue. 
They  concluded  to  make  no  fires  that  night,  (and 
indeed  they  had  no  great  need  of  any)  for  they  had 
nf)  victuals  to  cook,  [ — ]  *  not  so  much  as  a  morsel 
of  bread  with  them. 

They  took  up  their  lodgin'gs  scattering,  that  if  pos- 
sibly their  scout  should  come  in  the  night,  and  whis- 
tle, (which  was  their   sign)  some  or  other  of  them 
might   hear   them.     They  had  a  very  solitary,  hun- 
1  [of  (he  neck]        ^  [was]         3  |^was]         4  [had] 
r  9 


T 


4 


W¥ 


130 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


gry  niglit;  niulassoou  as  llic  day  broke,*  they  drew 
oH"  tlir()u<^li  the  l)rii.sl»  to  a  hill  without  the  neck. 
And  looking  ahotit  them  tlu!y  espied  one  Indian  man 
come  running  somewhat  towards  them.  The  Cap- 
tain ordered  one  man  to  step  out  and  show  himself. 
Upon  this  the  Indian  ran  right  to  him,  and  who 
should  it  be  but  Captain  Lightfoot,  to  their  great 
joy.  Captain  Church  asked  him  what  news'?  lie 
answccd,  '^Good  news;"  [that]  they  were  all 
well,  and  had  catched  ten  Indians;  and  that  they 
guarded  th»;m  all  night  in  one  of  the  flankers  of  the 
old  English  garrison  ;f  that  their  prisoners  were 
part  of  Aniuuvon's  company,  and  that  they  had  left 
their  families  in  a  swamp  above  Matlapoi.-iet  neck.f 
And  as  they  were  marching  towards  the  old  garrison, 
Lightfoot  gave  Captain  Church  a  particular  account 
of  their  exploit,  viz.;  that  pr<;sently  after  they  left 
him,  they  heard  another  gun,  which  seemed  toward 
the  Indian  burying  place ;  and  moving  that  way, 
they  discovered  two  of  the  enemy  Haying  of  a  horse. 
The  scout  clapping  into  the  brush,  Nathaniel  bid 
them  sit  down,  and  he  would  presently  cull  all  the 
Indians  thereabout  unto  him.  They  hid,  and  he 
went  u  little  distance  back  from  them,  and  set  up  his 
note  and  howled  like  a  wolf.  One  of  the  two  im- 
mediately left  his  horse,  and  came  running  to  see 
who  was  there ;  but  Nathaniel  howling  lower  and 
lower,  drew  him  in  between  those  that  lay  in  wait 
for  him,  who  seized  him.  Nathaniel  continuing  the 
^•ame  note,  the  other  left  the  horse  also, following  his 
mate,  and  met  witii  the  same.  When  they  (taught 
these  two,  they  examined  tluun  apart  and  found  them 

*  Monday  August  28; 

t  This  was  the  fort  that  was  built  in  June,  1675,  which 
Church  so  much  disapprovctl  of.  See  paj^c  35.  It  was  pro« 
hahly  of  more  service  now  tlian  it  had  ever  been  before,  if 
we  judge  from  any  account  since  given. 

i  (In  Swanzey.  There  is  another  Mattapoiset  in  Rocb< 
eeter.) 


I 


PFIILIP'S  WAR. 


131 


to  agree  in  their  story  ;  tliat  tliorc  were  oi<flit  more 
of  tliein  [who  caiiu;]'  down  into  tlio  neck  to  got 
provisions,  and  iiad  agreed  to  meet  at  tiio  burying 
phiee  that  evening.  Thest!  two  being  some  of  Na- 
thaniel's old  ac(iuaintanee,  I'e  had  great  inlhienee 
upon  tliein,  and  with  his  (.-ntieing  story,  (lelling  what 
u  brave  eaptain  he  hack,  how  bravely  lie  lived  since 
he  had  been  witli  him,  anri  how  much  they  might 
better  their  condition  by  turning  to  him,  iLc.,)  per 
suaded  and  engaged  them  to  be  on  his  side,  which, 
indeed,  now  began  to  be  the  better  side  of  the  hedge. 
They  waited  but  a  little  while  before  they  espied  the 
rest  of  theirs  coming  up  to  the  burying  place,  and 
Nathaniel  soon  howled  them  in,  as  he  had  done  tlioir 
mates  before. 

When  Captain  Church  came  to  the  garrison,  he 
met  his  Lieutenant,*  and  the  rest  of  his  company. 
And  then  making  up  good  fires  they  fell  to  roasting 
their  horse  beef,  enough  to  last  them  a  whole  day, 
but  had  not  a  morsel  of  bread,  though  salt  they  had, 
(which  they  always  carried  in  their  pockets,  [and] 
which  at  this  time  was  very  acceptable  to  them.) 

Their  next  motion  was  towards  the  ))lace  where 
the  prisoners  told  them  [that]  they  had  left  their 
women  and  children,  and  surprised  them  all ;  and 
dome  others  that  [had]**  newly  come  to  them.  And 
upon  examination  they  held  to  one  story,  that  it  was 
hard  to  tell  wliore  to  find  Annawon,  for  he  never 
roosted  twice  in  a  place. 

Now  a  certain  Indian  soldier,  that  Captain  Church 
had  gained  over  to  be  on  his  side,  prayed  that  he 
might  have  liberty  to  go  and  fetch  in  his  father,  who, 
he  said,  was  about  four  miles  from  that  j)lace,  in  a 
swamp,  with  no  other  than  a  young  squaw.  Captain 
Church  inclined  to  go  with  him,  thinking  [that]  it 
miglit  be  in  his  way  to  gcin  some  intelligence  of 
Annawon :  and  so  taking  one  Englishman  and  a  few 


[come] 


[were] 


•  Mr.  .Tahez  Rowland 


vri 


133 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Indinns  with  liim,  Ic.ivini?  tfi(>  rrst  there,  he  went 
with  his  new  soldier  to  h)ok  [iiflcrj  his  father. 

When  he  cnine  to  the  swamp,  he  bid  the  Indian 
go  [and  J'  see  if  he  eon  id  (ind  his  father.  He  was 
no  sooner  ;^on(>,  bnt  Captain  Church  discovered  a 
trnek  coinin;,'  down  out  of  the  woods  ;  upon  which 
he  and  his  htth' company  hiy  close,  some  on  one 
side  of  the  track,  and  some  »)n  the  other.  They 
heard  the  Inihan  soldii-r  making  a  howlin<;  for  his 
father,  and  at  len<,Mh  somebody  answi-red  hin> ;  but 
while  they  were  listenins,',  thf>y  thou<r|jt  [tiiatj  they 
heard  somebody  coming  towards  thiMU ;  presently 
[they]  saw  an  old  man  coming  up  with  a  gun  on  his 
shouhler,  and  a  young  woman  following  in  the  track 
which  they  lay  by.  They  let  them  come  up  between 
them,  and  then  started  up  and  laid  hold  of  thetn 
both.  Captain  Cluirch  immediately  examined  them 
apart,  telling  them  what  they  must  trust  to,  if  they 
told  false  stories.  He  asked  the  young  woman,  what 
company  they  came  from  last 7  She  said,  "From 
Captain  Annawon's."  He  asked  her  how  many  were 
in  conjpany  with  him  when  she  left  him  ?  She  said, 
"Fifty  or  sixty."  He  asked  her  how  many  miles  it 
was  to  the  place  whore  she  left  him?  She  .-aid,  [that] 
she  did  not  understand  miles,  but  he  was  up  in 
Squannacoidi  swamp.* 

The  <dd  man,  who  had  been  one  of  Philip's  coun- 
cil,  upon    examination,  g  '  e  exactly  the  same   ac- 
count.    Captain  Church  a.ived  him  if  they  could  gel 
there  that  night'?   He   said,  [that]  if  they  went  pre- 
sently, and   travelled   stoutly,  they  might  get  there 
by  sunset.     He  askvd  whither   he  was  going?  He 
answered,  that  Annawon  had  sent  him  down  to  look 
for]  some  Indians,  that  were  gone  down  into  Mount- 
lope  neck  to   kill  provisions.     Captain  Church  let 
lira  know  that  those  Indians  were  all  his  prisoners. 

>  [to]  2  [hu*] 

•  (S>utiicastcrl>-  part  of  Uehobotli) 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


133 


By  this  time  ciunc  tho  Iiidijiri  soldier  niid  brought 
his  fiither  nrid  orn;  liidiiui  more.  The  (/iiptaiii  was 
now  ill  11  frrcat  strnit  of  tniiid  whsit  to  do  next ;  ho 
hud  a  rniiiri  to  j^ivo  Aiumwoii  a  visit,  iion-  he  knew 
where  to  find  him.  Hut  his  company  was  very  small, 
[oidy]'  half  a  do/(!n  men  hesich;  himself,  and  was 
under  a  necessity  to  send  soini!  body  ba(rk  to  aecjuaint 
his  Lieutenant  and  company  with  his  proct!(!din<;fs. 
However,  he  asked  his  small  company  that  were  with 
him,  whether  they  woidd  wiUin<^ly  go  with  him  and 
give  Annawon  a  visit?  They  told  him,  [that]  they 
were  always  ready  to  obcsy  his  commands,  <t,c. ;  but 
withal  told  him,  that  they  knew  this  Ca|)tuin  Anna- 
won  was  a  great  soldier ;  that  he  had  been  a  valiani 
Captain   imder  Asuhmeijuin,*    Philij)'s  father ;  and 

1  [hut] 

•  Morton,   122,  calls  him  Woosamp(iiion.     This  was  the 
last  luinip  hy  which  the  "  r""''  "'•'  Massas)<oit"  was  known. 
This  name  he  took  ahout  the  time  of  the  Poiiuot  war  as  was 
meiitlonetl  in  note  1,  on  pap;e    17.     Allen  in  his  Rio(!;ra|ihioal 
Dictionary,  has    \r\vcn  a   short  sketch  oC  hnn,  which  is  very 
deficient.     Not  even  inforniin(!;  us  that   he  was  ever  known 
hy  any  other  name  than  Massassoit.  This  celebrated  chiefen- 
tered  into  a  league  of  rriendshi|)  with  the  Plvniouth  Pilgrims, 
the  t\e\t  spring  aHer  their  arrival,  which  u  is  ke|)t  until  his 
(IcaUi.     Some  of  the  other  tribes  insullin^^ly  told  him,  that 
through    his  cowardice    he  had  treated  with   the    Knglish. 
However  this  might  be,  he  is  said  always  to  have  advised  his 
sons  against   engaging  in    a  war   with  ihem,  for  he  believed 
that  in  time  the  Indians  would  be  annihilated.     He  was  re- 
niarkalile  for  his  a\erslonto  the  E;,glish  religion.     Hutchin- 
son, I,  252,  says  that  "  when  he  was  treating  for  the  sale  of 
some  ol'his  lands  at  Swanzey,  insisted  upon  it  as  a  condition, 
that  the  English  should   never  attempt  to  draw  olVany  of  his 
people  from  their  religion  to  Christianity,  and    would  not  re- 
cede until  he  found  the   treaty  woulil  break  off  if  he  urged 
Jt  any  further."     He  was  jiersonally  several  times  at   Ply- 
mouth.    On  his  first  arri        there,  in  Mi.rch,  1620-21,  he 
made  his  appearance  ontht  lull,  the  south  side  of  Town  brook, 
with  several  of  his  priiicij);il  men  with  him.     Here  he  made  a 
stop  and  Mr.  Edward  W  in -low  was  sent  to  him  with  a  pre- 
sent, anti  the  Governour's  ^^Carve^)  compliments  that  he  de- 
sired to  see  him,  and  treat  with  him.     He  left  Mr.  Winsrow 


ii 


ir 


; 


I 


n\ 


I 


i.:4 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


that  he  had  boon  Pliilip's  chioftain  all  this  war.  A  very 
;ul»tlc  111:111.  of  groat  rcsohitioif,  and  had  often  said, 
that  he  wouhl  never  be   taken-  alive  by  the  Englisli. 

as  a  hostage  with  his  men,  and  with  about  twenty  of  his  sol- 
diers went  down  to  the  brook,  where  Captain  Standish  met 
him  with  a  tile  of  six  men,  and  conducted  him  to  a  new 
house.  A  green  rug  was  spread  over  the  floor,  and  three  or 
four  cushions  laid  upon  it.  The  Governour  then  came,  pre- 
ceded by  a  drum  and  trumpet,  at  the  sound  of  which  tliey 
appeareii  mifch  delighted.  Alter  some  introduction,  the 
above  mentioned  league  or  treaty  was  entered  upon  and  con- 
cluded as  follows:  , ,  •   • 

Arlirle  I.  That  neither  he,  nor  any  of  his,  should  injure 
or  do  hurt  to  any  of  their  people.  Jrt.  II.  That  if  any  of  his 
did  any  hurt  to  any  of  theirs,  he  should  send  the  otiender 
that  thVy  miglit  punish  him.  .irt.  HI.  That  if  any  thing 
were  tafvcii  away  from  any  of  theirs,  he  should  cause  it  to  l)e 
restored  ;  and  tiiVy  should  do  the  like  to  his.  ^rt.  IV.  That 
if  any  did  unjustly  war  against  him,  they  would  aid  hun ; 
and  if  any  did  "war  against  them,  he  should  aid  them.  .Irl.  V. 
That  he  should  senil  to  his  neighbour  confederates,  to  inform 
them  of  this,  tiiat  they  might  not  wrong  them,  but  might  be 
likewise  comprised  in  these  conditions  of  i)eace.  Art.  \  I. 
That  when  his  men  came  to  them  upon  any  occasion,  they 
should  leave  their  arms  (which  were  then  bows  and  arrows) 
behind  them.  Jrt.  VII.  Lastly,  tliat  so  doing,  their  sove- 
reign Lord,  King  James  would  esteem  him  as  his  tnend  and 

**  Two  years  after  (in  1623)  Massassoit  fell  sick,  and  Mr. 
Winsiow  went  to  visit  him.  He  fouml  the  house  crowded 
with  men  who  were  using  their  rude  exertions  to  restore  him 
to  health.  Being  informed  that  his  friends  were  come  to  see 
him,  he  desired  to  speak  with  them.  (He  was  very  sick  and 
his  sight  had  left  him.)  Wiien  Mr.  Winsiow  went  to  lam 
h<-  took  him  by  the  hand  and  faintly  said,  "  Keen  ^^  ms- 
now.?"  That  is,  "  Art  thou  Winsiow  ?"  Being  inlormed  that 
he  was,  lie  then  said,  "  jyiatta  neen  wonckunet  nnmcn  Ir  ins- 
now  "'  Tliat  is,  "0  Winsiow  I  shall  never  see  tiiee  again  !"  He 
had  not  taken  any  thing  for  two  days, but  Mr.  Winsiow  gave 
him  something  tfiat  he  had  prepared  whicii  he  was  able  to 
swallow,  and  he  inmiediately  grew  better,  and  soon  entirely 
recovered.  In  1039,  this  Indian  King  was  at  Plymouth  with 
Mooanam  or  Wamsutta,  his  son,  then  or  afterwards  named 
Alexandei',  and  renewed  the  former  league.  Tiie  precise 
time  of  hi>  death  is  unknown.  IJul  from  Hubbard,  59,  it  aji- 
pears  that  it  was  about  ItioG.  Morton,  20,  and  111.  Hutch- 
inson, 1     252,  253.      Belknap,    Amer.    Biog.    I,  212,  29.1. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


135 


And  moreover  they  knew  that  the  men  that  were 
with  him  were  rcsohitc  fellows,  some  of  Philip's 
chief  soldiers ;  and  therefore,  feared  whether  it  was 
practicable  to  make  an  attempt  upon  him  with  sfi 
small  a  handful  of  assailants  as  were  now  with  hiin. 
Told  him  further,  that  it  woujd  be  a  pity,  [ — ]^  after 
all  the  great  things  he  had  done,  [that]  he  should 
throw  away  his  life  at  last.  Upon  which  he  replied, 
that  he  doubted  not  Annawon  was  a  subtle  and  val- 
iant man  ;  that  he  had  a  long  time,  but  in  vain,  sought 
for  him,  and  never  till  now  could  find  his  quarters 
and  he  was  very  loath  to  miss  of  the  opportunity ; 
and  doubted  not,  [ — Y  that  if  they  would  cheerfully 
go  with  him,  the  same  Almighty  Providence  that  had 
hitherto  protected  and  befriended  them,  would  do  so 
still,  &.C. 

Upon  this  with  one  consent  they  said,  [that]  they 
would  go.  Captain  Church  then  turned  to  one  Cook 
of  Plymouth,  (the  only  Englishman  then  with  him) 
and  asked  him,  what  he  tliought  of  it?  [Ile]^  repli- 
ed, "  Sir,  I  am  never  afraid  of  going  any  where  when 
you  are  with  me."  Then  Captain  Church  asked  tlie 
old  Indian,  if  ho  could  carry  his  horse  with  him  7 
(For  he  conveyed  a  horse  thus  far  with  him.)  He 
replied  that  it  was  impossible  for  ahorse  to  pass  the 
swamps.  Therefore,  he  sent  away  his  new  Indian 
soldier  with  his  father,  and  the  Captain's  horse,  to 
his  Lieutenant,  and  orders  for  him  to  move  to  Taun- 
ton with  the  prisoners,  to  secure  them  there,  and  to 
come  out  in  the  morning  in  the  llehoboth  road,  in 
which  he  might  expect  to  meet  him,  if  he  were  alive 
and  had  success. 

The  Captain  then  asked  the  old  fellow  if  he  would 
pilot  him  [to]**  Annawon  '}  lie  answered,  that  he  hav- 


[that] 


'■  [but] 


[who] 


[unto] 


Holmes,  I,  20S.  Prince,  185,  Stc.  Whelher  he  had  more 
than  two  sons  is  uncertain  ;  hut  it  seems  by  a  letter  to  Lon- 
«lon,  written  during  this  war,  that  there  was  another.  See 
Hutchinson,  I,  265 


■^'•^ 


Ill 


?. 


1 


136 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


ing  given  him  his  life,  he  was  obliged  to  serve  him. 
He  bid  him  move  on  then,  and  they  followed.  The 
old  man  would  out  travel  them  so  far  sometimes, 
that  they  were  almost  out  of  sight ;  [and]  looking 
over  his  shoulder,  and  seeing  them  behind,  he  would 
halt. 

Just  as  the  sun  was  setting,  the  old  man  made  a 
full  stop  and  sat  down  ;  the  company  coming  up,  also 
sat  down,  bojing  all  weary.    Captain  Church  asked, 
"  What  news'?"  He  answered,  that  about  that  time 
in  the  evening.  Captain  Annawon  sent  out  his  scouts 
to  see  if  the  coast  were  clear,  and  as  soon  as  it  be- 
gan to  grow  dark,  the  scouts  returned  ;  and  then 
(said  he)"wemay  move  again  securely."  When  it 
1  began  to  grow  dark,  the  old   man  stood  up  again, 
.  [and]  Captain  c'hurch  asked  him  if  he  would  take  a 
Igun  and  fight  for  him?  He  bowed  very  low,  and 
1  prayed  him  not  to  impose  such  a  thing  upon  him,  as 
to  fight  against  Captain   Annawon  his  old    friend. 
But  says  he,  "I  will  go  along  with  you,  and  be  help- 
ful to  you,  and  will  luy  hands  on  any  man  that  shall 
oficr  to  hurt  you." 

*  It  being  now  pretty  dark,  tl»ey  moved  close  to- 
gether ; — anon  they  heard  a  noise.  The  Captain 
stayed  the  old  man  with  his  hand,  and  asked  his  own 
men  what  noise  they  thought  it  might  be  ?  They 
concluded  it  to  be  the  pounding  of  a  mortar.  The 
old  man  had  given  Captain  Church  a  description  of 
tlie  place*  where  Annawon  now  lay,  and  of  the  diffi- 

•  This  solitary  retreat  is  in  the  southeasterly  i)art  of  lh« 
town  of  Rehobolh,  hut  being  near  Taunton  line,  some,  in  re- 
lating tlie  story,  re])ort  it  to  he  in  tliis  town,  it  is  atiout  8 
miles  from  Taunton  green,  and  nearly  in  a  diret-t  line  to 
Providence,  The  nortlnvest  corner  of  t)ighton  runs  u|)  be- 
tween Taunton  and  Ilehoboth,  through  which  we  pass  in 
going  from  Taunton  to  Annawon's  kook.  (By  this  name  it 
IS  known  throughout  that  part  of  the  country.)  It  is  in  a 
great  swamp,  called  S(juannaconk,  containing  nearly  .SOOO 
acres,  as  1  wasiidonned  by  Mr.  A.  Bliss,  the  nearest  inhalii- 
tant  to  it.  .  The  road  passes  round  the  northwesterly  part  of 


5^ 


I; 


i 


lili 


coLo.vEi.  ciwncu   i.vn  .i.wv.i  irn.v.     p.  137. 


4^' 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


137 


culty  of  getting  at  him.  Being  sensible  that  they 
were  pretty  near  them,  with  two  of  his  Indians  ho 
creeps  to  the  edge  of  the  rocks,  from  whence  he 
could  see  their  camps.  He  saw  three  companies  of 
Indians  at  a  little  distance  from  each  other;  being 
easy  to  be  discovered  by  the  light  of  their  f.res.  He 
saw  also  the  great  ANNAWON  and  his  company, 
wlio  had  formed  his  camp  or  kenneling  place  by 
falling  a  tree  under  the  side  of  the  great  cliffs  of 
rocks,  and  setting  a  row  of  birch  bushes  up  against 
it ;  where  he  himself,  his  son,  and  some  of  his  chiefs 
had  taken  up  their  lodgings,  and  made  great  fires 
without  them,  and  had  their  pots  and  kettles  boiling, 
and  spits  roasting.  Their  arms  also  he  discovered, 
all  «et  together,  in  a  place  fitted  for  the  purpose, 
standing  up  an  end  against  a  stick  lodged  in  two 
crotches,  and  a  mat  placed  over  them,  to  keep  them 
from  the  wet  or  dew.  The  old  Annawon's  feet  and 
his  son's  head  were  so  near  the  arms,  as  almost  to 
touch  them.  [ — ]' 

The  rocks  were  so  steep  that  it  was  impossible  to 
get  down,  [onlyP  as  they  lowered  themselves  by  the 
1  [but]  2  [but] 

the  swam]),  and  within  6  or  8  roils  of  the  rock.  This  im- 
vnonse  rock  extends  northeast  and  southwest  70  or  80  feet, 
and  to  this  day  the  camp  of  Aniiawon  is  approached  with 
dinU-ulty.  A  i)art  of  its  southeast  side  hangs  over  a  little, 
and  Ihe  other,  on  the  northeast  part,  seems  in  no  very  dis- 
tant jieriod,  to  have  tumbled  down  in  larp;e  clefts.  Its  heip;ht 
may  be  30  feet.  It  is  composed  of  sand  and  pebbles.  A  few 
scatterin|i;  maple,  beech,  birch,  &c.,  grow  about  it ;  as  also 
briars  and  water  bushes,  so  thick  as  almost  to  forbid  ap- 
proach. Formerly,  it  was,  no  doubt,  entirely  surrounded  by 
water,  as  it  is  to  this  time  in  wet  seasons.  Tfie  northwest 
siiie  of  the  rock  is  easily  ascended,  as  it  gradually  slo[)es  away 
fioin  its  summit  to  its  base,  and  at  an  angle,  perhaps,  not  ex- 
ceeding 35".  Small  l)usbes  grow  from  the  seams  in  its  steep 
side,  as  in  the  days  of  Church.  Near  the  southwest  extremi- 
ty is  an  opening  of  an  angidar  tbrm,  in  which,  it  is  said, 
Annawon  and  the  other  chiets  were  encamped.  This  open- 
ing now  contains  the  slimip  of  a  large  tree,  which  must  have 
grown  ciuce  those  days,  as  it  nearly  tills  it  up. 


I  J. 


iv    ; 


138 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


boughs,  and  the  bushes  that  grew  in  the  cracks  of  the 
rocks.  Captain  Church  creeping  back  again  to  the 
ohl  man,  asked  him,  if  there  were  no  possibility  of 
getting  at  them  some  other  way  9  He  answered, 
"  No."  That  lie  and  all  that  belonged  to  Annawon, 
were  ordered  to  come  tiiat  way,  and  none  could  come 
any  other  way  without  difficulty,  or  danger  of  being 
shot. 

Captain  Church  then  ordered  the  old  man  and  his 
daughter  to  go  down  foremost  with  their  baskets  at 
their  backs,  that  when  Annawon  saw  ihein  w«th  their 
baskets  he  should  not  mistrust  the  intrigue.  Captain 
Church  and  his  handful  of  soldiers  crept  down  also, 
under  the  shadow  of  those  two  and  their  baskets. 
The  Captain  himself  crej)t  close  behind  the  old  man, 
with  his  hatchet  in  his  hand,  and  stepped  over  the 
young  man's  head  to  the  arms.  The  young  Anna- 
won  discovering  of  him,  whipped  his  blanket  over 
his  head,  and  shrunk  up  in  a  heap.  The  old  Cap- 
tain Annawon  started  up  on  his  breech,  and  cried 
out  "Ilowoh."*  And  despairing  of  escape,  threw 
himself  back  again,  and  lay  silent  until  Cai)tain 
Church  had  secured  all  the  arms,  Slc.  And  havin<' 
secured  that  coinj)any,  he  sent  his  Indian  soldiers  to 
the  other  fires  and  companies,  giving  them  instruc- 
tions, what  io  do  and  say.  Accordingly  they  went 
into  the  midst  of  them.     When  they  [liad]  discover- 

» This  word  iiccordiii/T  to  tlie  traditiDii  of  .'igod  [leoplc,  sifif- 
iiilii'd,  "I  am  tjiki'ii."'  Dr.  Morsi-  has  tlioiight  tit  to  idti-r  tl7o 
sjH'llinir  ot'  tills  word  to  Ilowah.  It  is  very  evident  that  the 
writer  of  this  liistory,  intended  in  th(!  termination  of  this  word 
to  convey  the  sonnd  of  oli,  and  not  itlt.  Wore  tiiis  not  tiie  case, 
it  is  certainly  better  to  give  it  to  |)osterity  as  we  find  it.  Snch 
jilterations,  however  small  and  uninMortant  tln-y  may  seem  to 
some  readers,  ha\  e  a  very  had  tendency ;  they  tend  to  cause  us 
to  doubt  of  tile  authenticity  of  any  accounts  tiiat  are  handed 
down  to  us.  It  may  be  said  thai  an  alteration  of  this  kinil 
is  of  no  eonse<iuence,  because  it  does  not  alter  the  sense.  Jint 
it  should  he  reeoiU'cted,  that  the  authority  is  as  good  for  any 
otiier  alteration ;  for  to  alter  letters  is  to  alter  words;  to  alter 
words  is  to  change  the  sense. 


n  i 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


139 


ed  themselves  [to  the  enemy,  they]'  told  them  that, 
their  Captain  Annavvon  was  taken,  and  [tiiat]  it 
would  be  best  for  them,  (luietly  and  peaceably  to 
surrender  themselves,  which  would  procure  good 
quarter  for  them  ;  otherwise,  if  they  should  pretend 
to  resist  or  make  their  escape,  it  would  be  in  vain, 
and  they  could  expect  no  othdr  but  that  Captain 
Church,  with  his  great  army,  who  had  now  entrap- 
ped them,  would  cut  them  to  pieces.  Told  them 
also,  [that]  if  tliey  would  submit  themselves,  and  de- 
liver uj)  all  their  arms  unto  them,  and  keep  every 
man  in  his  place  until  it  was  day,  they  would  assure 
tliem  that  their  Captain  Church,  who  had  been  so 
kind  to  themselves  when  they  surrendered  to  him, 
should  be  as  kind  to  them.  Now  they  being  old  ac- 
([uaintance,  and  many  of  them  relations,  did  much 
the  readier  give  heed  to  what  they  said;  [so]  compli- 
eil,  and  surrendered  up  their  arms  unto  them,  both 
their  guns  and  hatchets,  &,c.,  and  were  forthwith 
carried  to  Captain  Church.* 

Things  being  so  far  settled.  Captain  Church  asked 
Annawon,  "  what  he  had  for  supper  1"  "  for  (said  he) 
I  am  come  to  sup  with  you."  "  Taubut"  (said  An- 
nnwon)  with  a  big  voice,  and  looking  about  upon 
his  women,  bid  them  hasten  and  get  Captain  Churcli 
and  his  company  some  supper.  [He]  then  turned 
to  Captain  Church  and  asked  him  whether  he  would 
eiit  cow  beef  or  horse  beef '?  The  Captain  told  him 
cow  beef  would  be  most  acceptable.  It  was  soon 
got  ready,  and  pulling  his  little  bag  of  salt  out  of 
his  pocket,  which  was  all  tlie  provision  he  brought 
witli  him.  This  seasoned  his  cow  beef  So  that 
with  it  and  the  dried  green  corn,  which  th'^i  old  squaw 
was  pounding  in  the  mortar,  while  they  were  sliding 
1  [who  they  were] 

*  Mr.  Hubbard  differs  considerably  in  his  relation  of  the 
taking  of  Annawon,  from  onr  author,  and  is  much  s'loiter. 
Nothinjj;  very  important  seems  to  l)e  omitted  in  this  ai'.count, 
excepting  the  date,  and  that  Mr.  Hubbard  omits  also. 


11 

'  it  -, 


'»;'It'*  ™ 


itvfi^  I 


140 


PHILIP'S   WAR. 


i 


down  the  rocks,  he  made  a  very  hearty  supper.  And 
this  pounding  in  the  mortar,  proved  lucky  for  Cap- 
tain Cliurch's  getting  down  the  rocks ;  for  when  the 
old  squaw  pounded,  they  moved,  and  when  she  ceas- 
ed, to  turn  the  corn,  they  ceased  creeping.  The 
noise  of  the  mortar  prevented  the  enemy's  hearing 
their  creeping,  and  tlie  corn  being  now  dressed,  sup- 
plied the  want  of  bread,  and  gave  a  fine  relish  with 
the  cow  beef. 

Supper  being  over.  Captain  Church  sent  two  of 
his  men  to  inl.>rm  the  other  companies,  that  he  had 
killed  Philip,  and  taken  their  friends  in  Mounthope 
neck,  but  had  spared  their  lives,  and  that  he  had  sub- 
dued now  all  ti»e  enemy,  (he  supposed)  except  this 
company  of  Annawon ;  an<l  now  if  they  would  be 
orderly  and  keep  their  places  until  morning,  they 
should  have  good  quarter,  and  that  he  would  carry 
them  to  Taunton,  wliere  they  might  see  their  friends 


agam, 
T 


&-C. 


le  messengers  returned,  [and  informed]  that  the 
Indians  yielded  to  his  proposals. 

Captain  Church  thought  it  was  now  time  for  him 
to  take  a  nap,  having  had  no  sleep  in  two  days  and 
one  night  before.  [So  he]  told  his  men,  that  if  they 
would  let  him  sleep  two  hours,  they  should  sleep  all 
the  rest  of  the  night.  He  laid  liimselfdown  and  en- 
deavoured to  sleep,  but  all  disposition  to  sleep  de- 
parted from  him. 

After  he  had  lain  a  little  while,  he  looked  up  to 
see  how  his  watch  managed,  but  found  them  all  fast 
asleep.  Now  Captain  Church  had  told  Captain  An- 
nawon's  company,  as  he  had  ordered  his  Indians  to 
tell  the  others ;  [namely]  that  their  lives  should  all 
be  spared,  excepting  Ca|)tain  Annawon's,  and  it  was 
not  in  his  power  to  promise  him  his  life,  but  he  must 
carry  him  to  his  masters  at  Plymouth,  and  he  would 
entreat  them  for  his  life. 

Now  when  Captain  Church  found  not  only  his  own 
men,  but  all  the  Indians  fast  asleep,  Annawon  only 
excepted,  who,  he  perceived  was  as  broad  awake  as 


W"  i 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


141 


himself;  and  so  they  hiy  hioking  one  upon  the  other, 
perhaps  an  hour.  Captain  Church  said  nothing  to 
him,  for  he  couhl  not  speak  In<Han,  and  thougiit  An- 
nawon  could  not  speak  Knglislj. 

At  length  Annavvon  raised  himself  up,  cast  off  his 
blanket,  and  with  no  more  cloth«;s  than  his  small 
breeches,  walked  a  little  way  back  from  the  company. 
Captain  Church  thought  no  other  but  that  he  had 
walked  a  little  distance  for  some  necessaiy 
errand,  and  would  very  soon  return.  But  by  and 
by  he  was  gone  out  of  sigiit  and  hearing,  and  then 
Captain  Church  began  to  suspect  some  ill  design  in 
him ;  and  got  all  the  guns  close  to  him,  and  crowd- 
ed himself  close  under  young  Annawon;  that  if  he 
should  anywhere  get  a  gun,  he  should  not  make  a 
shot  at  him,  without  endangering  his  son.  Lying 
very  still  awhile,  waiting  for  the  event,  at  length, 
he  heard  somebody  coming  the  same  way  that  An- 
nawon went.  The  moon  now  shining  bright,  he 
saw  him  at  a  distance  coming  with  something  in  his 
hands,  and  coming  up  to  Captain  Church,  he  iVdl 
ui)on  his  knees  before  him,  and  offered  him  what  he 
had  brought,  and  sj)eaking  in  plain  English,  said, 
"Great  Captain,  you  have  killed  Philip,  and  con-  .  •[. 
quered  his  country  ;  for  I  believe  that  I  andmy  com-i  V.  v>V 
pany  are  the  last  that  war  against  the  English,  so|  *  ' 
suppose  the  war  is  ended  by  your  means;  andtiicre- 
fore  these  things  belong  unto  you."  Then  opening 
his  pack,  he  pulled  out  Piiilip's  belt,*  curiously 
wroTiglit  with  wompom,T  being  nuie  inches  broad, 


•  Tills  belt  anil  <oiiip  other  of  Philip's  oi-riaments  are  now 
owned  in  a  lamily  at  S\vaiize\',  as  I  was  informeil  by  an  in- 
habitant of  the  piaie. 

t  Wampuin,  or  waiuiioni,  calleil  also  wamiiamneag  ;  a  kind 
of  money  in  use  amoiiR  the  Indians.  It  was  a  kind  of  l)ead 
made  of  sliellsof  tli'>  a;reat  coiu-h,  iimscle«,  &.e.,  and  eurioiisly 
VFrought  and  poli;  lied,  with  a  hole  tlii'oii<;h  them.  They 
were  of  different  colours,  as  black,  blue,  red,  white  and  pur- 
ple ;  the  la^t  of  which  were  wrought  by  the  Fivenations. 
Six  of  the  white,  and  three  of  tlie  black,  or  blue  passed  for  a 
penny.    Trumbull,  Hist.  U    S.  I,  23.     In  l(j(i7  wampom 


11 


>  a'' 


!^ '.    M 


I: 


M2 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


wrought  with  Mack  ami  vviiite  wnnipom,  in  various 
fi^fiiftvs,  and  (lowers  and  pictures  of  many  birds  ami 
beasts.  This,  when  han«,'cd  upon  ('a|)tain  Chureii's 
shoulders,  rea(du'd  his  aii^Jes;  and  another  belt  of 
woinponi  he  presented  him  with,  wrouujht  after  the 
former  manner,  whicli  Phihp  was  wont  to  put  upon 
his  head.  It  had  two  llarrs  on  the  back  pari, 
which  huno;  down  on  his  back,  and  another  small 
btdt  with  ;i  star  upon  the  end  of  it,  which  he  used 
to  han^  on  his  breast,  and  ihey  w(!ro  all  ed/jrcd  witJj 
red  hair,  wiiieh  Annawon  sai(l  they  ;^ot  in  the  Mo- 
lioir's*  country.  Then  he  pulled  out  two  Imrns  of 
jflazed  powder,  and  a  red  cloth  blanket.  He  told 
Captain  Church  [thatj  these  were  Tiiilip's  royalties, 
which  he  was  wont  to  adorn  himself  with,  whiMi  he 
sat  in  state;  that  he  thou<rht  himself  happy  that  he 
had  an  opportunity  to  pres(  nt  them  to  Captain 
Church,  who  had  won  them,  Aic.  [TheyJ  spent  tlie 
remainder  of  the  ni<fht  in  dis(-ourse.  And  [Captain 
Amiawon]  <jave  an  account  of  what  mii^dity  success 
he  had  [hadj  formerly  in  wars  auainst  many  nations 
of  Indians,!  when   he    served    Asuhmei|uin,  Philip's 


fati 


ler. 


&C.J 


PHlI.irS  WAR. 


143 


Tn  the  morning,  as  soon  as  it  was  light,  the  Cap- 
tain marclKMl  with  his  prisoners  out  of  that  swamp) 
country  towards  Taunton.  [He]  met  his  Lieutenant 
and  company  about  lour  miles  out  of  town,  who  e.\- 
pressf.'d  a  great  deal  of  joy  to  see  him  again,  and 
said,  [that]  it  was  more  than  ever  they  expected, 
'j'liey  wc^nt  into  Taunton,  were  civilly  and  kindly 
tri^ated  by  the  inhabitants.  [Here  they]  refreshed 
ajid  rested  themselves  tiiat  night. 

Miirly  next  morning,  the  Cnptain  took  old  Anna- 
won,  and  half  a  dozen  of  his  Indian  soldiers,  and  his 
own  man,  and  went  to  Rhodeisland  ;  sending  the 
rest  of  his  conipany,  and  his  prisoners  by  his  Lieu- 
tenant* to  Plymouth.  Tarrying  two  or  three  days 
upon  the  island,  he  then  went  to  Plymouth,  and  car- 
ried his  wife  and  his  two  children  with  him. 

Captain  Church  had  been  but  a  little  while  at 
Plynjoutii,  when  he  was  informed  of  a  parcel  of  In- 
dians who  had  haunted  the  woods  between  Plymouth 
and  Sippican  ;  tliat  did  gn  at  damage  to  the  Eng 
lish,  in  killing  tiieir  cattle,  hors(>s,  and  swine.  Tin; 
Ca|)tain  was  soon  in  pursuit  of  them.  [He]  went 
out  from  Plymouth  the  next  Monday  in  the  after- 
noon, [and]  next  morning  early  they  discovered  a 
track.  The  Captain  sent  two  Indians  on  the  track 
to  see  what  they  could  discover,  whilst  he  and  his 
company  followed  gently  after.  But  the  two  In- 
dians soon  returned  with  tidings,  that  they  discover- 
ed the  enemy  sitting  round  their  fires,  in  a  thick 
pliice  of  brush.  When  they  came  pr(!tty  near  the 
place,  the  Captain  ordered  every  man  to  creep  as 
he  did,  and  surround  them  by  creeping  as  near  as 
they  could,  till  they  should  be  discovere<l,  and  then 

•ictly  corresponds  with  tlie  date  given  above,  beeause  tlie 
moon  was  at  tlie  full  on  the  'J(j  August,  und  this  being  Iwo 
nights  after,  they  would  of  course  have  the  nioon  a  short  time 
alter  dark. 

*  Mr.  Jabez  Ilowhmd. 


^  «i 


:ii'    1 


'  .     ! 


r 


144 


I'll  11. IP'S  VVAU. 


to  run  [--]'  upon  them,  and  tiikc  thorn  alive  if  pos- 
sible, (lor  their  prisoners  were  their  pay.)  They  (hd 
so,  [takiiiji;P  every  one*  that  were  at  the  fires,  not  one 
esciipini,'. 

Upon  examination  they  ajjrecd  in  their  stories,  lliat 
they  helim^cd  to  'I'ispa(|uiii,  who  was  none  witli  John 
Hinnp.f  and  one  moie,  to  AiLiawain;];  and  Sippicaii^ 
lo  kill  horses,  and  were  not  expected  back  in  two  or 
tlu'ce  days. II 

This  same  Tispatpiin  had  l)een  a  great  Captain, 
and  the  Indians  reftnrtod,  th;it  [le  was  such  a  Lrnat 
Paiiiriiit,^]  tliat  no  bullet  could  enter  him,  &c.  Cap- 
tain Church  said,  [ihat]  he  would  not  have  him  kill- 
ed, lor  there  was  a  war*  *  broke  out  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  country,  and  he  would  have  him  saved  to 
Iio  with  him  to  li^ht  the  eastern  Indians.  v\yreeably 
he  left  two  old  stjuaws,  of  the  prisoners,  and  bid  them 
tarry  there  until  their  Captain,  Tispacpiin,  returred, 
and  to  tell  him  that  Cliuicli  had  been  there,  and  had 
taken  his  wife  and  children,  and  comp.uiy,  !iii(i  car- 
ried them  down  to  l*'ymouth,  and  would  spare  all 
their  lives,  and  his  too,  if  ho  would  come  down  to 
them,  and  brins;  the  other  two  that  were  with  bim, 
and  they  siiould  be  his  soldiers,  &c. 

Captain  Church  then  returned   to  riyiTiouth,  leav- 

int;  the  old  scpiaws  well  provided  for,  and  biscuit  for 

Tispacpiin    when    he    returned  ;    telling    his    soldiers, 

that   he  doubted   not,   but   lie    had    laid    a  trap    that 

'[on]  '[took] 

*  Altout  .W,  iiwordiiif^ to  IIiilil);ird,  lJ31.  "The  plai'c  wa.s  near 
I.:ikci)liani  upon  I'ooassi't  neck,  .so  full  of  busiit's  that  :■.  man 
could  lutt  si'c  a  rod  hct'orc  him."     Ihiii. 

f  Nothinif  more  is  said  of  this  Indian  as  T  i-an  fmd.  Tln^rc  ar*^ 
rcs|K'i-l.ihlf  w  hitc  |i('o|)l(>,  in  MiddU-lmrouifh  by  tiiis  luimv,  fi'oni 
till'  ani'i'>tois  of  wluim  he  iuij,dit  have  tleriveil  his  name. 

[  (^Waivliam.)  }  (Rociiester.) 

II  This  was  in  September. 

11  VV'i/.ard  or  eonjurer.  Enjjflish  writers  denominate  their 
priests  by  tiiis  name. 

**  An  account  of  this  war  will  be  given  in  the  Appendix.  Sec 
No.  V. 


I'        li 


rvsp.'iiivi.y.     P-  H4. 


r 


nilLIFS  WAR. 


145 


would  take  him.  Captain  Church  two  nays  after 
went  to  Boston,  (the  connmissioners*  then  sitting) 
and  waited  upon  the  honourable  Governoi  r  Leve- 
retf.f  who  then  lay  sick.  [He]*  requested  Captain 
Cfiurch  to  give  him  some  account  of  the  war,  who 
readily  obliged  his  honour  therein,  to  his  great  satis- 
faction, as  he  was  pleased  to  express  himself;  tak- 
ing him  by  the  hand,  and  telling  him,  [that]  if  it 
pleased  God  [that]  he  lived,  he  would  make  it  a  brace 
of  a  hundred  pounds  advantage  to  him  out  of  the 
Massachusetts  colony,  and  would  endeavour  that  the 
rest  of  the  colonies  should  do  proportionably.  But  he 
died  within  a  fortnight  after,  and  so  nothing  was  done 
of  that  nature. 

'[who] 

*  I  find  no  mention  of  Jiny  other  court  in  Massachusetts  at  this 
time,  tliiin  that  called  together  the  9  August,  occasioned  by  a 
letter  from  the  King,  summoning  the  colony  to  appoint  commis- 
sioners to  answer  to  the  complaints  of  (iorges  and  Mason,  con- 
cerning boundaries,  &c.  See  Mist.  Mass,  I,  280,  281.  This  and 
otlier  business,  it  is  probable,  kept  them  together  until  the  tima 
alluded  to  in  our  text. 

f  Governour  John  Levcrett  e.ime  to  America  with  his  father 
in  U)33,  from  Boston  in  J,incolnshire,  England.  lie  was  made 
deputy  Governour  in  1671,  and  in  1673,  Governour.  He  con- 
tinued in  the  ottiee  until  his  death,  which,  according  to  our 
author,  was  in  lf)7»i.  Dr.  Douglass  also,  in  his  Summary,  I,  429, 
says  that  it  was  "  in  the  autumn  of  1676."  It  is  remarkable,  that 
most,  if  not  all,  later  historians  place  his  death  in  1678,  on  the 
authority  of  Mather,  I  conclude.  In  my  tirst  edition  of  this 
work  1  followed  the  Biographical  Dictionaries  without  scruple, 
but  soon  discovered  the  errour.  Eliot  and  Allen,  perhaps,  fol- 
lowed Mather  without  hesitation,  because  Hutchinson  did  not 
ditl'cr  from  him. 

'I'lie  former  part  of  this  note  was  written  previous  to  the 
appearance  of  Mr.  Savage's  edition  of  VVinthrop's  History  of 
Neuengland.  It  there  appears,  II,  245,  note  2,  that  ii  letter 
was  received  1677,  from  the  court  of  England,  creating  him 
KiiiL'lit.  This  title  was  never  used,  which  Mr.  Savage  con- 
jci'tiires  v'.wicms  reasons  for.  But  if  he  were  dead  before  his 
appoinlnient  ari-ived,  that  is  a  sutlicient  reason.  In  Snow's  Hist. 
Boston,  some  account  of  his  funeral  is  given,  but  under  the  same 
date.  ^^ 


B  } 


I 


1; 


r 


^ 


146 


PIIILH'S  WAR. 


The  same  day*  Tispaquin  came  in,  and  those  that 
were  with  hitii.  But  when  Captain  Church  returned 
from  Boston,  he  found,  to  his  jjrief,  the  heads  of  Anna- 
won.  Tispaquin,  &c.,f  cut  off  which  were  the  last  of 
Philip's  friends.;]: 

*  The  8;ime  day  that  the  trap  was  set. 

fThe  full  import  ot  this  &c.  is  not  known.  We  can  only 
observe,  that  a  great  many  others  at  ditfereiit  times  were  exeeu- 
t*^d,  much  to  the  dishonour  of  those  coiiccriied.  Of  the  nunihers 
of  those  poor  natives  that  were  thus  murdered,  we  must  remain 
ignorant. 

I  Melancholy  indeed  is  the  reflection,  a  nation  is  no  more ! 
Thus  we  behold  the  instability  of  all  things,  acted  upon  by  the 
exterminating  hand  of  time.  The  rude  government  of  the 
natives  could  not  protect  them  iig:iinst  treachery  in  an  uncom- 
mon degree.  Their  means  of  suppoit  being  often  scant,  and 
many  times  nearly  cut  ott",  was  a  grc.it  inducement  to  desertion 
to  the  English,  where  they  always  fared  much  better.  Hence 
their  first  great  disaster,  at  the  swamp  fight  in  Narraganset,  was 
owing  to  a  fugitive's  leading  the  English  to  the  only  assailable 

{)art  of  the.  fort;  Philip  fell  by  the  s.ime  foul  treachery;  and, 
astly,  Annawon,  who,  had  he  been  a  Roman,  would  have  been 
called  the  great.  The  following  lijies  admirably  portray  the 
frailty  of  man. 

"Like  leaves  on  trees  the  race  o    t,;:;-.  ^  found  ; 
Now  j^rucii  ill  youtli,  now  willi'ni  '•   p'   llie  Kruund  ; 
Aiiotiicr  raci!  llif  r<)llowiiii{  spring  mi|iiiliea; 
They  fall  succesMive,  mill  aiicirrtsiivu  rise: 
*  Po  miierilioiis,  ill  llii-ir  course,  dctiiy ; 

Bo  flourish  these,  wlien  tliose  ore  piist  uwny."      Pope's  Homrr. 

The  conduct  of  the  government  in  putting  to  do;uh  "  Anna- 

Iwon,  Tispaquin,  &c.,"  has  ever  been  viewed  as  barbarous;  no 

Icircumstiince   now   made  it  necessary.      The  Indians  were  sul)- 

f  dued,  therefore  no  exan)ple  was  wanting  to  deter  others.     It  is 

true,  some   were   mentioned  by  the   giAcrnmcnt  as  unmcritiiig 

mercy ;  but  Inimanity   forbade   the   execution    of  laws   formed 

only  for  the  emergenciea  of  the  moment.      Govcrnour  liutih- 

inson  observes,   "  Every    person,  almost,  in    the    two    colonies, 

[Massachusetts  and  Plymouth]  h.id  lost  a  relation  or  near  friend, 

and  the  people  in  general  were  ex.isperated :  but  all  does  not 

Bufliciently  excuse  this  great  .severity."     Hist.  xMass.  I,  277. 

Mr.  Hubbard,  who  wrote  at  the  time  docs  not  fail  to  justi- 
fy  all  the  measures  of  government.  He  says  that  Church 
promised  Tispaquin  an  oHice  under  him,  if  what  he  had  made 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


147 


The  general  court  of  Plymouth  then  sitting,  sent 
for  Captain  Church,  who  waited  upon  them  accord- 
ingly, and  received  their  thanks  for  his  good  ser- 
vice, which  they  unanimously  voted,  [and]  which 
was  nil  that  Captain  Church  had  for  his  aforesaid 
service. 

Afterwards,  in  the  year  1676,*  in  the  month  of 
January,  Captain  Church  received  a  commission  from 
Governour  Winslow,t  to  scour  the  woods  of  some  of 
the  lurking  enemy,  which  they  were  well  informed 
were  there. 

[Here  followed  the  commission  which  is  omitted  as  it  is  very 
similar  to  thiit  iit  piure  93.  It  bears  date  15  Jan.  1676,  but 
should  b(,(  tiiken  1676-7.] 

his  followers  believe  were  true,  that  a  bullet  could  not  kill  him. 
Wheu  he  delivered  himself  up,  the  government  thought  jjroper  to  , 
see  if  it  were  the  case  ;  so  shot  at  him,  and  he  fell  dead  the  first 
fire !  Annawon  was  accused  of  torturing  and  murdering  manyi 
Englisli  prisoners,  "  whicii  he  could  not  deny,"  therefore  he  was) 
put  to  death  in  the  same  manner.  Mr.  Hubbard,  thougW 
an  eminent  historian,  was  not  free  from  the  prejudices  of  this 
times.  As  for  us,  we  can  only  lament  the  end  of  thos^ 
iieroes,  iWiA  in  no  better  language,  than  that  of  our  eminent 
native  poet. 

"  Indiilee,  our  nnti/e  land,  indulge  the  tear 

TIml  sH'iih  iinpnssioiicd  nVr  a  imliim's  ilnura  ; 

To  lis  nach  IwiK  IVoni  Adiiurs  Block  is  dear. 

And  li'urs  of  sorrow  deck  uii  Indian's  tomb." 

Dwight'9  Oroenfleld  Hill. 
*  This  was  according  to  the  old  method  of  dating,  when  the 
new  year  did  not  begin  until  the  *25  March;  therefore,  this 
must  bi!  utiderstood  1G77.  Under  the  old  supputation,  tiio 
year  was  often  written  with  an  additiotial  figure,  from  1  Jan.  to 
25  JIarch,  to  represent  both  the  old  and  new  method;  thus.,  :,t 
that  time  the  above  date  would  have  been  properly  written 
1676-"/.  By  the  inattention  of  authors,  sometimes  using  the 
additional  figure,  and  sometimes  omitting  it,  many  anachroiiisms 
have  been  committed.  Another  method,  which  signifies  tiio 
same  was  often  used;  thu.^,  167?  express  the  same  as  1676-7. 
But  writers  frequently  fell  into  mistakes  by  takmg  the  wrong 
figure  of  the  fraction. 

t'riiis  (Jcntleman  lia\ing  managed  tlie  afl'airs  of  Plymouth 
colony  during  this  troublesome  war,  it  will  be  proper  to  give 
some  account  of  him  at  its  close.  He  was  a  son  of  the  distin- 
guished  I']dward  VVinslow  whose    name    is   the   third  to  that 


W  n 


il 


li 

1 

1 

m 

fli 

i! 

148 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


Accordingly    Captain   Church    accompaniefl 
several  gentlemen    and    others,  went  out    and 


with 
took 


celebrated  " combinntion,"  or  "first  fouiidiition  of  the  govern- 
nieiit  of  New  Plymouth."  In  1656,  Alexander  was  mistrusted 
of  plotting  iigninst  the  English,  as  has  been  mentioned  in  note 
1,  on  page  17.  ftlr.  Winslow  with  c-ieht  or  ten  men  surprised 
him  at  a  hunting  house  where  he  had  just  arrived  with  about 
80  men.  These  having  left  their  guns  without  their  house, 
were  seized  by  Winsiow,  who  then  induced  Alexander  to  go 
with  him  to  Plymoutli.  A  short  time  after  this,  Alexander  was 
taken  sick  and  died. 

When  Philip's  war  commenced,  Mr.  Winsiow  wrote  to  the 
Governour  of  Massachusetts  as  follows:  "  July  4.  1675.  I  do 
solemnly  profess  we  know  not  any  thing  from  us  that  miglit 
put  Piiiiip  n|)on  these  motions,  nor  have  heard  that  he  preteiuls 
to  have  suffered  any  wrong  from  us,  save  only  that  we  had 
killed  some  Indians  and  intended  to  send  for  himself  for  ihe 
murder  of  John  Sausaman  [Sassamon.]  The  last  that  was 
executed  this  week  confessed  tl^at  he  saw  the  other  two  do  the 
murder.  Neither  had  v.'e  any  thoughts  to  command  him  in  about 
it."    See  note  1,  on  paj^e  26. 

Again  he  writes,  "I  think  I  can  clearly  say,  that  before  these 
present  troubles  broke  out,  the  English  did  not  possess  one  foot 
of  land  in  this  colony,  but  what  was  f  .irly  obtained  by  honest 
purchase  of  the  Indian  proprietors :  Nay,  because  some  of  our 
people  are  of  a  covetous  disposition,  and  the  Indians  are  in  their 
straits  easily  prevailed  with  to  part  with  thiir  lands,  we  first 
made  a  law  that  none  should  purrh.ase  or  receive  by  gii't,  any 
land  of  tlie  Indians  without  the  knowleflge  and  .allowance  of  our 
court,"  &LC.  Hubb.ird,  6^.  Thus  jnst,;ce  appears  to  have  tuen 
aimed  at  by  the  leaders  in  goveriir.:e!it,  from  its  beginning,  but 
does  not  .ippear  to  \\i,\e,  effectually  prevented  the  private  abuses 
of  individuals,  which  was,  no  doubt,  impossible.  The  remark  of 
Mr.  Maliin  I  will  lay  bef'oie  the  reader  that  he  may  judge  ht)W  far 
it  is  correct,  and  whether  the  contrast  be  so  great  between  the 
treatment  of  the  Indians  in  Newengland  and  Pemuiylvaniit,  as  to 
deserve  what  follow.s.     (See  Appendix,  XIII.) 

"  Oil  jiisl  and  i>(nint  lorrns  the  land  wnx  Raiti'd,* 
No  fiiiw  iif  nriiis  liKs  uny  riulil  nbliiin'd  ; 
Tix  hiTi^  winiiiut  Ihi'  aso  of  iinns,  iiloiiii, 
Till'  liliwsM  iiiliiihitiiiil  iiiijoys  liis  own  ; 
lltii'  iiiaiiy,  1(1  llicir  wish,  in  piiiioiMinjoy 
Tlirir  liii|>tiy  lols,  iiikI  iioniiiii;  ilnlli  iiiiiKiy. 
Iliit  sad  .Viw  Hiiijlaiiil's  difT'iciil  coiiducl  show'd 
Wtiul  diic  ((Tuts  I'roiu  injur'd  IndianK  (low'd." 
•  In  Pennsytcnnia.  Mukin  in  Proud,  11,  063. 


PHILIP'S  WAR. 


140 


divers  parties  of  Indians.  In  one  of  which  there  was 
a  certain  old  man,  whom  Captain  Church  seemed  to 
take  particular  notice  of,  and  asking  him  where  he 
belonged,  he  told  him  at  Swanzey.  The  Captain 
asked  his  name,  he  replied,  Conscience.  Conscience, 
said  the  Captain,  smiling,  then  the  war  is  over ;  for 
that  was  what  they  were  searching  for,  it  being  much 
wanted,  and  returned  the  said  Conscience  to  his  post 
again  at  Swanzey,  to  a  certain  person  [that]  the  said 
Indian  desired  to  be  sold  io,  and  then  returned 
home.* 

*  Nothing  very  brilliaiit,  to  be  sure,  occurred  in  those  expedi- 
tions, if  tiie  autiior  has  given  us  the  chief  exploit  of  them  all, 
and  we  may  be  satisfied  that  we  have  no  more  of  them.  Mr. 
Hubbard  takes  no  notice  of  any  actions  of  Church  after  the  tak- 
ing of  Annavvon,  which  had  they  been  very  important  would  not 
have  escaped  his  attention.  lie  closes  the  war  in  this  qui'.rter 
with  a  few^  interesting  exploits,  the  chief  of  which  it  will  be 
projier  to  notice.  In  October  one  Mr.  Stanton  with  three  Indians 
came  from  Seconet  and  on  the  way  beared  by  a  captive,  that  there 
were  a  number  of  the  enemy  not  far  off.  The  Indians  leaving 
Mr.  Stanton  pursued  and  took  them  all.  Among  them  was  an 
old  man  not  able  to  go  their  pace,  and  they  spared  his  life  by  his 
promising  to  come  after.  It  appears  that  those  taken,  were  mostly 
women  and  children,  whose  men  were  out  a  hunting.  They  soon 
returned,  and  the  old  man  informed  them  of  what  had  befel  their 
friends,  and  they  set  o\it  in  pursuit  of  them,  overtook  them,  and 
retook  the  prisoners.  One  friendly  Indian  was  killed  in  the  skir- 
mish, and  the  other  two  hardly  escaped.  One  of  these  was  called 
Major  Symon,  part  Pequot  and  part  Narraganset.  He  was  remark- 
able for  his  strength  and  courage,  and  at  the  tirst,  offered  to 
tight  any  tive  of  the  enemy  hand  to  hand  with  their  hatchets,  but 
they  declined ;  upon  which  he  discharged  his  gun  among  th-in, 
and  then  rushed  upon  them  with  great  fury,  broke  through  them 
and  escaped  with  the  otiier,  without  ijjury.    Hubbard,  237,  238. 


^'i   I 


^^^K 

1 

"  • 

M 

TUB 

FRF.NCH   AND   ii\DlAN 

¥AES  u  jmmdLAm, 

BETWEEN  TriR  YEARS  1080,  AND  !704; 

[being]    a    FUilTHER    ACiX'PNT    OF     ")  HE    /.CTIONS    IN     THK    IVIORB 

LATE    WiiRS    AGAINST    THE    C(»niUN    ENEM\    AN)      f^JClAN 

llEbELS,   IN    THF.    EASTIRN    lARTS,    CiHlER    T>:', 

COMMAND   OF    THE    AFOKESAIU 

CAPTAIN  BENJAMIN  CHURCH. 


■ili 


I 


N  the  time  of  Sir  Edmund  Andross'*  government, 
began  that  bloody  war  in  the  efistern  parts  of  New- 
england  ;  so  that  immediadely  Sjr  Edmund  sent  an 


*  Aiulross  was  sent  over  jis  Govoriiour  of  tli«  province  of 
Newyork,  in  1674,  by  the  Dtikc  of  York.  Was  appointed 
Governour  of  Newenjfland,  and  arrived  in  Boston,  20  Decem- 
ber 1684.  Smith,  Hist.  N.  Y.,  63,  gives  a  very  jnst  idea  of 
his  oh:)''aeter  i:i  a  very  few  word.s.  "  Hi>  knew  no  law,  but  the 
will  of  his  master,  and  Kirk  and  Jell'eries  were  not  titter 
instruments  than  he  to  execute  the  despotiek  projects  of  James 
II."  And  tliat  "the  histori.Mns  of  Newengland  justly  transmit 
hin"<  to  posterity,  under  the  odious  character  of  a  syc(>i)h:intick 
tool  to  the  Duke,  and  an  arbitrary  tyrant  over  the  people  com- 
mitted to  his  care."  He  was  cht-cked  in  the  midst  of  his 
oppressive  measures  by  the  abdication  of  Kinff  James.  This 
had  been  expected  by  the  colonies,  and  eagerly  wished  for.  The 
people  of  Bost(<n  on  a  report  of  the,  change  in  England,  and 
without  waiting  for  its  confirmation,  daringly  began  tlie  re  olu- 
tirm  i[i  Neweiigland.  Andross  and  about  50  other  oi)i;,)xiou3 
persons  were  seized,  and  the  old  government  re.i.ssiimed.  He 
was  afterwards  (iovernour  of  Virginia,  and  we  he.ir  but  little 
more  about  him.  lie  died  in  London,  Feb.  24,  1713.  Holmes, 
I,  47.5.  His  life  is  more  particularly  given  by  P^liot,  but  larger 
und  better  by  Allen. 


I 
I 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


151 


express  for  Captain  Church,  who  then  being  at  Little- 
coinpton,  received  it  on  a  Lord's  day,  in  the  after- 
noon meeting.  Going  home  after  meeting,  [he]  took 
his  horse  and  set  out  for  Boston,  as  ordered  ;  and  by 
sunrise  next  morning,  got  to  Braintree,*  where  he 
met  with  Colonel  Page  on  horseback  going  to  Wey- 
mouth and  Hingham  to  raise  forces  to  go  east.  [He]^ 
said  [that]  he  was  glad  to  see  him,  and  that  his  ex- 
cellency would  be  .as  glad  to  see  him  in  Boston  so 
early.  So  parting  he  soon  got  to  Boston,  and  waited 
upon  his  excellency,  who  informed  him  of  an  unhap- 

fy  war,  broken  out  in  the  eastern  parts ;  and  said, 
that]  he  was  going  himself  in  person,  and  that  he 
wanted  his  company  with  him.  But  Captain  Church 
not  finding  himself  m  the  same  spirit  he  used  to  have, 
said,  [that]  he  hoped  his  excellency  would  give  him 
time  to  consider  of  it.  He  told  him  he  might;  and 
also  said  that  he  must  come  and  dine  with  him. 
Captain  Church  having  many  acquaintance  in  Bos- 
ton, who  made  it  their  business,  some  to  encourage, 
and  others  to  discourage  him  from  going  with  his 
excellency.  So  after  dinner  his  excellency  took  him 
into  his  room,  and  discoursed  freely  ;  saying,  that  he 
having  knowledge  of  his  former  actions  and  successes, 
and  that  he  must  go  with  him,  and  be  his  second, 
with  other  encouragements.  But  in  short,  the  said 
Captain  Church  did  not  accept,  so  was  dismissed  and 
went  home.f 

>[who] 


*  Formerly  mount  Wollaston.  Its  Indian  name  was  Wessa- 
gusset.  It  is  about  10  miles  from  Boston,  and  is  renowned  as 
the  birth  place  of  John  Adams,  second  President  of  the  U. 
States,  whose  life  and  death  add  so  much  veneration  to  the 
auspicious  Fourth  of  July. 

Thou^'h  the  residence  of  tHe  President  is  ne.arly  4  milea 
from  wliat  was  mount  Wollaston,  and  in  the  present  town  of 
Quincy,  yet  it  is  believed,  that  it  was  anciently  included  in  it. 

f  Notwithstfinding,  Andross  undertook  an  eastern  expedi- 
tion at  the  head  of  7  or  800  men,  and  the  enemy  tied  before 


gj 

^^^- 


^£y 


159 


FRENCH  AND  LNDJAN  WARS. 


Soon  after  this,  was  the  revolution,*  and  the  other 
government  reassumed,  and  then  Governour  Hiiid- 
streetf  sent  for  Ca[)tain  Church  to  come  to  Boston, 
as  soon  as  his  husiness  would  permit;  whereupon  he 
went  to  Boston  and  waited  upon  his  liMuour,  who  told 
him  [that]  he  was  requested  by  tiie  council  to  send 
for  him,  to  see  if  he  could  be  prevailed  with  to  raise 
volunteers,  both  English  and  Indians  to  go  east ;  for 

him.  "But,  by  estjiblishinjr  garrisons,  by  detiiching  numerous 
parties,  to  atfaick  their  settlements,  and  destroy  their  seanty  pro- 
visions, he  reduced  tiiem  to  tile  greatest  distress,  and  seeured 
the  country  from  tiieir  incursions."  Holmes,  I,  474.  IJut  he  did 
as  much  niiscliicf,  or  jieriiaps  more  tiian  he  did  good.  He  )iinn- 
diTcd  ("astinc's  housi-,  a  Frenchinan,  wlio  iiad  great  intlucnce 
among  the  Indians,  which  caused  him  to  stir  them  up  anew.  Bel- 
knap, I,  196. 

*  The  change  of  government  at  home  being  mentioned  in  a 
preceding  note,  it  will  be  necessary  licre  to  t;ike  notice  on'ly 
of  its  origin.  King  James  II,  in  his  ett'orts  to  estai)li.sli  popery 
overthrew  himself  He  puhlisiu'd  certain  declarations,  with 
injunctions  upon  the  clergy  to  read  them  to  the  people  after 
service,  which  they  refused.  'I'he  Hi.shops  in  an  address  to 
the  King,  remonstrated  that  they  eould  not  read  his  declara- 
tions consistent  with  their  consciencics;  and  they  were  immedi- 
ately prosecuted  for  .i  seditious  libel.  The  people  took  great 
interest  i/i  their  tri.il.  and  when  they  were  iU'quitted  the  rejoi- 
cing wa.s  almost  universal.  At  this  very  juncture,  while  ihe 
people  were  enraged  against  Hie  King,  VV'iili.un,  Prince  of 
Orange,  who  hud  /iiarried  Mary,  eldest  daughter  of  King  James, 
hwided  in  England  with  an  imnu'use  ;irmy  from  Hollanci,  and 
were  proclaimc(i  without  o{)|.'0.sition.  The  old  King  with  much  dif- 
ficulty eflected  his  escape  to  i^'rance.     (loldsnclli's  Hist.  England. 

f  Simon  Hnuistreet  was  born  in  l/iiicolnshire,  England,  in 
Marcii,  IHO'i.  .'ind  lived  to  be  tiie  oldest  man  in  Newengland. 
After  imirrying  a  daughter  of  Thomas  Dudley,  he  was  per- 
suaded to  make  a  sctt!ement  in  Mas.sachusetts.  In  KJSO  he 
was  choHcii  assist^mt  of  the  colony,  and  arrived  at  Salem  tho 
same  year.  He  was  in  sever.al  important  otliccs,  and  at  length 
succeeded  Oovernour  J-everett  in  the  chief  magistracy  of  .Mas- 
sacliusett.s,  in  which  otlicc  he  continued  until  the  arrival  of 
Andross,  when  he  was  siip'Tx'ded ;  but  Andross,  in  1089, 
teing  put  down,  .Mr.  Bradstreet  again  assumed  the  government, 
and  continued  in  it  until  the  arrival  of  Sir  VVilliaui  I'liips,  in  1()92. 
He  died  i;i  Salem,  March,  lt)97,  aged  94  years,    Allen,  and  Eliot. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


isa 


the  eastward  Indians  had  done  great  spoil  upon  the 
English  in  those  parts;  giving  him  an  account  of  the 
miseries  and  suflerings  of  the  peo]ile  there.  Captain 
Church's  spirits  heing  atFected,  said,  if  he  could  do 
any  service  for  his  hi>nour,  the  country,  and  their  re- 
lief, he  was  ready  and  willing.  He  was  asked  how 
he  would  act?  He  said  [that]  he  would  take  with 
him  as  many  of  his  old  soldiers  as  he  could  get,  both 
English  and  Indians,  &c.  The  gentlemen  of  Boston 
requested  him  to  go  to  Rhoileisland  government  to 
ask  their  assistance.  So  civinjx  him  their  letter,  and 
about  forty  shillings  in  money,  he  took  leave  and  went 
home  to  Bristol*  on  a  Saturday ;  and  the  next 
Monday  morning  he  went  over  to  Ilhodeisland.  and 
waited  upon  their  Governour,t  delivering  the  letter 
as  ordered,  [and]  prayed  his  honour  for  a  speedy  an- 
swer, who  said,  they  could  not  give  an  answer  pre- 
sently;  so  he  waiter!  on  them  till  he  had  their  answer. 
And  when  he  had  obtained  it.  he  carried  it  to  the 
Boston  gentlemen,  who  desired  him  to  raise  what 
volunteers  he  could  in  Plymouth  colony,  and  Rhode- 
island  government,  and  what  was  vvar''ii<j  they  would 
make  up  out  c  iheirs  that  were  already  out  in  the 
eastern  parts. 

The  summer  being  far  spent,  Captain  Chu'ch  made 
what  despatch  !,e  could,  and  raised  about  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  men,  volunteers,  and  received  his  com- 
mission froiu  Governour  HinkleyJ  which  is  as  fol- 
loweth,  viz: 

*IIe  settled  at  Bristol  soon  after  Philip's  war.  See  his  life 
page  XV. 

t  We  may  infer  fri  ui  Judge  Sewall's  diary,  in  Holmes,  I, 
468,  that  one  ('lark  was  the  Governour  of  Rhodeisland  in 
1686,  on  the  arrival  of  Andross,  who  of  course  was  displaced. 
But  in  Jliiy  of  this  year,  1689,  it  was  resumvd,  •'!\  ill  the  gener- 
al oflicers  replaced.  Ihid.  476.  I  have  )i(  t  i'>  c.\  learned  hia 
liaptisnial  name.  A  good  history  of  Rhodeisland  is  a  very  desira,- 
ble  work. 

|;  Thomas  llinklev  w-MS  born  about  the  year  16r.2.  I  find  no 
mention  of  him,  until  he  assumed  the  government,  or  rather 
G 


J  'W 


n 


\i 


f  I: 


1l 


li 


)S 


■  \w 


154 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


"  The  council  of  War  of  their  Majrstirs'  cnlnnij  of 
I^"  10  Plymouth  in  Neweugland:  Vo  Major  Bevja- 
miii  Chv.rch,  Commander  in  Chief. 

Whereas  the  Keiuiebeck  and  eastern  Indians  with 
their  confederates,  have  openly  made  war  u|)on  tht-ir 
Majesties'  subjects  of  the  province  of  Maine,  Nevv- 
hanipshire,  and  of  the  Massachusetts  colony,  having 
coinniitted  niativ  '  "-harous  murders,  spoils  and  ra- 
pines upo.i  iheii  jMJisons  .,nd  estates.  And  whereas 
there  are  some  forces  of  soldiers,  English  and  Indi- 
ans, now  raised  and  detached  out  of  the  severa' 
regiments  and  places  within  this  colony  of  New 
Plymouth,  to  go  forth  to  the  assistance  of  our  neigh- 
bours and  friends,  of  the  aforesaid  provinces  and 
colony  of  the  Massachusetts,  subjects  of  one  and  the 
sarne  crown;  and  to  join  with  their  forces  for  the 
rt'fK^iling  and  destruction  of  the  common  enemy. 
And  whereas,  you  Benjamin  Church,  are  appointed  to 
be  Major,  and  commander  in  chief  of  all  the  forces, 
English  and  Indians,  detached  within  this  colony 
for  the  service  of  their  Majesties  afor*>said.  THESE 
are  in  their  Majesties'  name  to  autiunze  and  re((uiie 
you  to  take  into  your  care  and  conduct  all  the  said 
forces,  English  and  Indians,  and  diligently  to  attend 
that  service,  by  leading  and  exercismg  of  your  inferi- 
our  officers  and  soldiers,  commanding  them  to  obey 
you  as  their  chief  commander;  and  to  pursue,  fight, 
tak*'  kill,  or  destroy  the  said  enemies,  their  aiders 
aiid  abettors,  by  all  the  ways  and  means  you  can,  as 
you  shall  ha\e  opportunity.  And  you  are  to  observe 
and  obey  ail  such  orders  and  instmctions  as  from 
time  to  time  vou  shall  receive  from  the  commission- 
ers of  the  colonies,  the  council  of  war  of  ibis  colony, 
or  the  Governour  and  council  of  the  Massachusetts 

the  pri'Midt'iicy  (if  IMyniouth  foloiiy  al'tiT  tli,^  fall  of  Andross, 
the  Calii,'ul;i  of  N(\M'iijr|;m(1,  in  \UX\K  Ho  eontiinicd  in  tliis 
olliee  iinti'  Kii):.'.  wlieii  Sir  Wiliiaiii  J'hips  arrived.  Wo  died  at 
I3arnstahl'  in  170(i,  uyed  about  74  years.  Morton,  *J08.  Hutch- 
inson,  I.(        \. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


155 


colony.  In  testimony  whereof  the  j)uhlick  seal  of  the 
said  colony  of  New  I'lymouth  is  hereunto  allixed. 
Dated  in  Plymouth,  the  sixth  day  of  September, 
Anno  Domini,  l(»Ht).  Annnque  Re^ni  Rpgis  at  RegU 
nee  WilUelini  et  Marue  Ang/iui,  ^c,  Prima.* 

TlIOxMAS  HINKLEY,  President. 

And  now  marcliin;.?  them  all  down  to  Bostni,  then 
received  his  further  orders  and  instructions,  which  are 
as  followelh. 

"  Boston,  September  10/ A,  1689. 
To    all   Sheriffs,    Marshals.    Constables,    and   other 
ojficrrs,  military  and  civil,  in  their  Majesties'  pro- 
vince  of  Maine. 

Whereas  pursuant  to  an  agreement  of  the  commis- 
sioners of  the  United  Colonies,  Major  Benjamin 
Church  is  cnmmissionated  commander  in  chief  over 
that  part  of  th(Mr  Majesties'  forces,  (levied  for  the 
present  expedition  against  the  common  enemy)  whose 
head  quarters  are  appointed  to  be  at  Falmouth,  in 
I  asco  bay.  In  their  Majesties'  names,  you,  and 
every  of  you,  are  required  to  be  aiding  and  assisting 
to  the  said  Major  (Church  in  his  pursuit  of  the  enemy, 
as  any  emergency  shall  require ;  and  so  impress 
boats  or  other  vessels,  carts,  carriages,  horses,  oxen, 
provision  and  ammunition,  and  men  for  guides,  &c., 
as  you  shall  receive  warrants  from  the  said  Com- 
mander in  chief,  or  his  Lieutenant  so  to  do.  You 
may.  not  fail  to  do  the  same  speedily  and  efTectually, 
as  you  will  answer  your  neglect  and  contempt  of 
their  Majesties'  authority  and  service  at  your  utter- 
most peril.     Given  under  my  hitnd  and  seal  the  day 


f  Tliat  is.     And  of  the  reign  of  the  King  and  Queen,  William 
and  Mary  of  England,  tf'C,  the  first. 


J 


h> 


i 


156 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


and  year  above  writlrn.     Annoque.  Rrgni  Regis  et 
Jifgiiue  }yHliemi  ft  Mariie  I'rimo. 

By  TIIOiMAS  DANrORTII* 

President  of  the  proxnncc  of  Maine." 

**  By  the  Governour  and  Council  of  .}[assachusetts. 
To  Major  Benjamin  Church. 

Whereas  you  are  appointed  and  commissioned  by 
the  council  of  war,  of  the  colony  ot"  New  l*lym- 
outh.  commander  in  chief  of  the  lorces  raised  with- 
in the  said  colony,  ag.iinst  the  conunon  Indian  ene- 
my, now  ordered  intt»  the  eastern  parts  to  join  with 
some  of  the  forces  of  this  colony  ;  for  the  prosecu- 
tion, repelling  and  subduing  ol  the  said  enemv.  It 
is  therefore  ordered  that  Captain  Simon  VV'illard, 
and  (Captain  Nathaniel  Hall,  with  the  two  companies 
of  solfliers  under  their  several  conunands,  belonging 
to  this  colony,  now  in  or  about  Casco  bay,  be,  and 
are  hereby  put  under  you,  as  their  commander  in 
chief  for  this  present  expedition. — And  of  the  com- 
missions severally  given  to  either  of  them,  they  are 
ordered  to  observe  and  obey  vour  orders  and  direc- 
tions as  their  connnander  in  chief  until  further  order 
from  the  (lovernour  and  council,  or  the  commission- 
ers of  the  colonies.  Dated  in  Hoston  the  17th  day 
of  Se|)tember,  Anno  Domini,  lti98.     Annoque  Regni 

*  Tliis  pciitlcmaii  wns  born  in  F'lijrlnnd  Ifi'J'J.  He  wjis  a 
man  ot'  intlui-ncc,  wliicli  he  cninloycd  to  gand  accoinit  in  the 
dilliiuit  days  of  Ncwengland.  in  ItiTi*.  he  w.is  eleetcd  depu- 
ty  (idvcrnonr,  and  the  same  year,  the  inliahitani.s  of  the 
province  of  .Maine,  eliose  him  their  I'resiih'iit.  On  the  arri- 
v.MJ  of  the  tyrant,  Andross,  no  was  snspended  from  olliee. — 
He  died  in  1699,  aged  77  years.  Nothin^j  more  honoiiral)le, 
perhaps,  can  be  said  of  bim,  considering  the  age  in  whieii  h« 
lived,  th.'in,  tliul  he  fijijiosed  with  firmness  the  proceedings  of 
those  conrts,  which  caused  such  a  foul  page  in  our  iiistory  by 
their  detestable  prosecutions  and  persecutions  for  witchcraJL 
See  Allen,  Uioj;.  24U. 


FRENCH  AM)  INDIAN  WARS. 


16T 


Rf'ffis  ft  Jii'glnce  Guilielmi  et   Mar'uB,  Ang1i(P,  <5'C. 
Priino. 

S.  imADSTllEET,  fi^ow. 
Past  in  Council.  Attest,  Isaac  Addington,*  Seer." 

** By  the  Commissioners  of  the  Colonies  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts, Plymouth  and  Connecticut,  for  mana- 
ging the  present  war  against  the  common  enemy. 

Instructions  for  Mnjor  IIknjamin  Cimucii,  Comman- 
der in  Chief  of  the  Plymouth  forces,  with  others 
of  the  Massachusetts,  put  under  his  command. 

In  pursunnce  of  the  commission  jsiiven  you,  for 
their  Miijesties'  service  in  the  present  expedition 
against  the  common  iinhan  enemy,  their  aiders  and 
abettors;  re|)osinR  confidence  in  your  wis(h)m,  pru- 
dence and  fidelity  in  the  trust  committed  to  you  for 
the  h<mour  of  God,  uood  of  his  people,  and  the  secu- 
rity of  tlie  interest  of  Christ  in  his  churches,  expect- 
injT  and  prayins;  that  in  your  dependence  upon  him, 
you  may  be  lielj^'d  and  assisted  with  all  that  grace 
and  wisdom  which  is  requisite  for  carrying  you 
on  with  success  in  this  ditVicult  service;  and  though 
much  is  and  must  be  left  to  your  discretion,  as  pro- 
vidence  and  opportunity  m;iy  present  from  time 
to  time  in  places  of  attendance ;  yet  the  following 
instructions  are  coinmcnded  unto  your  observation, 
and  to  l)e  attended  to  so  far  as  the  state  of  mat- 
ters with  you  in  such  a  transaction  will  admit. 
You  are  with  all   possible  speed   to  take  care  that  the 


*IMr.  A(t(iiii{;t(in  wns  one  of  those  who  took  n.  very  uetive 
p.irt  in  opposition  to  tlie  tyrannical  measures  of  Androsa.  ()a 
tlie  aeeession  of  Willi  mi  and  .Mary  \w  vvas  appointed  Seere- 
tary,  wliieli  olliee  lie  disehariftMl  with  Intej^rity  for  some  time. 
It  seems  tii.-.t  in  those  days,  as  well  as  at  the  present,  ajl'ice 
sei'h'rs  were  not  entirely  nnknowii.  hnt,  "the  emoluments  of  that 
otliee  were  sm  II.  ecnnpared  with  the  dnty,  and  so  he  w.  s  in  les.s 
daiiifer  of  a  eempctildr."  He  helonired  lo  the  eoinieil  for  many 
years,  and  was  nspected  as  a  jnstiee  of  the  peace  for  wisdom 
and  industry.     He  dieil  in  1711. 


11 


i 


:-.  .til 


ml 


J 


158 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


¥i. 


Plymouth  forces,  both  En(rlish  nnd  Indians  under 
your  coinniiind,  be  fixed,  and  ready,  and  !he  first  op- 
portunity of  wind  and  weather,  to  go  on  board  such 
vessels  as  are  [)rovided  to  transport  you  and  them 
to  Casco,  where,  if  it  shall  please  God  you  arrive, 
you  are  to  take  under  your  care  and  command,  the 
companies  of  Captain  Nathaniel  Hall,  and  Captain 
Simon  VVillard,  who  are  ordered  to  attend  your  com- 
mand, whom,  tof];ether  with  the  Plymouth  forces, 
and  such  as  from  time  to  time  may  be  added  unto 
you,  you  are  to  imi)rove  in  such  way  as  yitu  shall 
see  meet,  for  the  discoveiinsx,  pursuintr,  subduing 
and  destroyinii;  the  sai'.i  common  enemy,  bv  all  op- 
portunities you  are  c.ipal)le  of;  always  inteiidins;  the 
preservins;  oi"  atiy  <>f  the  near  towns  from  incursions, 
and  destruction  (vf  the  enemy;  yet  chiellv  improv  njr 
your  men  for  the  findin<i  and  followiii£T  the  said 
enemy  abroad,  and  if  |)ossible  to  find  out  and  attack 
their  head  (]uarter;^  and  principal  rendezvous,  if  you 
find  you  are  in  n  rational  capacity  for  so  doinfj. 
The  better  to  enable  you  thereto,  we  have  ordered 
two  men  of  war  sloops,  and  other  small  vessels  for 
transportation    to  attend  you  for  some  considerable 


tune. 


ou   are   to  see 


that 


your  soldiers'  arms  be 


always  fixed,  and  that  thev  be  furnished  with  ammu- 
nition, provisions  and  other  necessaries,  that  so  they 
may  be  in  readiness  to  repel  and  attack  the  enemv. 
\n  your  pm-suif  yr)u  are  to  take  special  cue  to  avoid 


danir 


irer  l)v  amitushments,  or 


)(  ni 


'A  .1 


rawii   uiiil  r  ;un 


disadvantaife  by  the  enemy  in  youi-  matc'lics,  keep- 
ing out  scouts  and  a  ff)rlorn  hope  before  vour  miin 
body,  and  by  all  possible  »neans  endeavouiing  to  sur- 
prise some  of  the  enemy,  that  so  you  mav  gain  intel- 
ligence, '^'ou  are  to  suppress  all  mutinies  and  discji'ders 
among  your  soldiers,  as  much  as  in  you  lies,  and  to 
punisli  such  as  disobey  your  officers,  according  to  the 
rules  of  war  herewith  given  you. 

ire  according   to  your    (>|)portunitv.  or    any 


ou 


occasion  more  than  oniinary  occurring,  to  iiolu  cor 


1 1 


il 


ll 

I  i 


Ll 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


159 


respondence  with  Major  Swaine,  and  to  yield  mutual 
assistance  when,  and  as  you  are  capable  of  it,  and 
you  may  have  reason  to  judge  it  will  be  ot"  most 
publick  service,  and  it  will  be  meet,  [that]  you  and 
he  should  agree  of  some  signal,  whereby  your  In- 
dians may  be  known  from  the  enemy.  Vou  are  to 
encnirage  your  soldiers  to  be  industrious,  vigorous, 
and  venturous  in  their  service,  to  search  out  and 
destroy  the  enemy,  acquainting  them,  it  is  agreed 
by  the  several  colonies,  that  they  shall  have  the 
benefit  of  the  captives,  and  all  lawful  plunder,  and 
the  reward  of  eisr/it  potinih  per  head,  for  every 
fighting  Indian  man  slain  by  them,  over  and  above 
their  stated  wages ;  the  same  being  made  appear  to 
the  commander  in  chief,  or  such  as  shall  be  appoint- 
ed to  take  care  therein.  If  your  commission  olFicers, 
or  any  of  them  sho,uld  be  slain,  or  otherwise  incapa- 
ble of  service,  and  for  such  reason  dismissed,  you 
are  to  appoint  others  in  their  room,  who  shall  have 
the  like  wages,  and  a  commission  sent  upon  notice 
given  ;  you  [are]  to  give  them  commissions  in  the 
mean  time.  You  are  to  take  efi'ectual  care  that  the 
worship  of  God  be  kept  up  in  the  army;  morning 
and  evening  prayer  attended  as  far  as  may  be,  and 
as  the  emergencies  of  your  afTairs  will  admit;  to 
see  that  the  holy  Sabbath  be  duly  sanctified.  You 
are  to  take  care  as  much  as  may  be,  to  prevent  or 
punish  drunkenness,  swearing,  cursing  or  such  other 
sins  as  do  provoke  the  anger  of  God.  You  are  to 
advise  with  your  chief  officers  in  any  matters  of 
moment,  as  you  ■ihall  have  opportunity.  You  r.re 
from  time  to  time  to  give  intelligence  and  advice  to 
the  Governour  and  council  of  the  Massachusetts,  or 
commissioners  of  the  colonies,  of  your  proceedings 
and  occurrences  that  may  happen,  and  how  it  shall 
please  th'^  Lord  to  deal  with  you  in  this  present  e.\- 
pedition.  If  you  find  the  vessels  are  not  likely  to 
be  serviceable  to  you,  dismiss  them  as  soon  as  you 
may. 


I 


160 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


Captain  Sylvanus  Davis  is  a  prudent  man  and  well 
acquainted  with  the  aflairs  of  those  parts,  and  is  writ- 
ten unto  to  advise  and  inl'oiin  you  all  he  can. 

Such  further  instructions  as  we  shall  see  reason 
to  send  unto  you,  you  are  caret'ully  to  attend  and 
ohservj;  and  in  the  absence  of  the  commissioners, 
vou  shall  observe  the  orders  and  instructions  direct- 
ed  unto  you  from  the  Governour  and  council  of  tlie 
Massachusetts. 

Given  under  our  hands  in  Boston,  Sept.  18,  1089. 

THOMAS  DANKOUTII,  Preiident. 

KI,ISI1.\  CdOKK, 

tSA.Ml'KI,  MAvSON, 

Wn.l.lAM   IMTKIN, 

THd.  MINKI.KV, 

JrjllN  WALLKY. 


THE    FIRST    EXPEDITION    EAST. 

Beivo  ready,  Major  Church  embarked  with  his 
forces  on  hoard  the  vessels  provided  to  transport 
them  for  Casco.*  Ilavin;^  a  brave  ^ale  at  south- 
west, and  on  Friday  about  three  o'clock,  they  pot 
in  sight  of  Casco  harbour.  And  discovcrinK  two  or 
three  small  ships  there,  [and]  not  knowing  whether 
they  were  friends  or  enemies,  whereupon  the  said 
commander,  Mnjor  Church,  gMve  orders  that  every 
man  that  was  able  should  make  ready,  and  all  lie 
close;  giving  onlers  how  they  should  act  in  case  tht>y 
were  enemies.  He,  going  in  the  INInrv  sloop,  togoth'-r 
with  the  Resolution,  went  in  first,  be'tig  t)()th  well 
fitted  with  guns  and  men.  CominLT  to  the  first,  hailed 
♦  hem,  who  said  they  were  tVicnds;  |)resently  man- 
ned  their  boat,  brought   to,  and  so   came  along  the 


*  Wliiit  \v:is  sine  inclutli'd  in  (In-  towns  of  I"';ilniouth,  C;ipe 
Eli/.Jilii'tli  and  l'oill:inil,  \v;is  ciili'd  ("msco.  it  is  sitiiiitcd  on 
^'.isi'o  l):iy.  This  !):iy  at  its  i-ntninci-  bi'twccn  Ciipc  I'oipoisi!  and 
€:t|)e  Eliz.ilx'tli,  is  aliout  40  niiU-s  wide.  Sullivan's  Hist.  iMainc, 
13.  'n  Philip's  war  d,  pvcdatioiiH  were  coMimitti.'d  lierc  by  tlie 
Siivagos  and  ni.my  were  killed.     lb.  11)8,  lic. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


101 


side  of  [him.]i  [They]^  gave  the  said  Church  an 
account,  that  yesterday  there  was  a  very  great  army 
of  Indians,  and  French  with  them  upon  the  island,* 
at  the  going  out  of  the  harbour,  and  that  they  were 
come  on  purpose  to  take  Casco  fort  and  town  if  like- 
wise informed  him  tliat,  they  had  got  a  captive  wo- 
man aboard,  (Major  Walden'sJ  daughter,  of  Piscata- 
'  [tiicin.]  "  [who] 

*  There  are  about  300  islands  in  Casco  bay.  What  the  name 
of  this  was  I  have  not  learned. 

t  Is  this  the  "body  of  600  Indians,"  mentioned  by  Belknap, 
N.  II.  I,  '267,  that  were  jjoing  to  attack  Caseo?  I  do  not  find 
any  thinij  like  it  in  the  place  it  should  be.  He  cites  "Church's 
memoirs,  104,"  perhaps  he  used  the  first  edition  of  this  history, 
as  no  mention  of  any  thing  of  tlie  kind  is  seen  in  the  second. 
In  touching  upon  the  oper.itions  under  Church  in  1704,  ho 
says,  "while  they  were  at  Mountdesert  Church  learned  from 
9  of  his  prisoners"  of  the  body  of  Indians  just  named.  It 
will  be  seen  in  the  Fiffli  Expedilion,  that  Ij;ifaure's  son  in- 
formed Church  at  Montinicus,  of  some  French  and  Indians 
"tiiiit  were  to  go  westwiird  to  fight  the  English,"  but  nothing 
of  the  kind  took  place  at  Mountdesert,  nor  any  information 
from  "  9  prisonens,"  or  that  the  expedition  was  to  attack 
Casco. 

I  VValdron  is  now  the  correct  way  of  writing  this  name. 
Hubbard  wrote  it  as  our  author  does,  but  more  freciueiitly  with 
an  r  after  the  e.  Some  other  historians  put  the  r  before  the  e, 
so  we  are  at  a  loss  how  the  name  was  originally  spelt. 

iMajor  Richard  Waklron  w.is  ii  native  of  Somersetshire, 
Kngiand,  and  was  one  of  i:  ■_  first  settlers  at  Cochecho,  now 
Dover,  Newiiam|>sliire.  The  tragical  death  of  this  noted 
man  is  given  by  Dr.  Helknap,  Hist.  N.  II.  I,  197,  198;  but  as 
that  excellent  work  is  not  in  the  hands  of  many,  it  may  bo 
proper  to  give  ihe  p.articui  ms  in  tlii^-  place.  At  the  close  of 
I'liilip's  war,  many  of  the  western  Indians  fled  to  the  east- 
ward. Some  of  thci.:,  with  others  of  I'aimacook  and  Pig- 
wockct,  bad  assembled  at  Major  VValdron's  with  whom  they 
h :;d  lately  treated.  Capt  ins  Syll  and  IIuAthornc,  being 
d>'.- patched  by  the  IMassacliusetts'  government  aganist  the 
Indians  on  the  Kenncbeck,  arrived  there  with  their  men, 
under  orders  to  seize  all  indi.ns  that  had  been  concerned  in 
the  war.  They  were  about  to  execute  their  orders  by  seiz- 
ing these  Indians,  but  Maj.  VValdron  fornicd  the  design  of 
taking  them   in  a   sham   tr.iinii'g,  which   he   had  invited  them 


I 


K 


1G2 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 

full    account    of  their 


qua)    that  could    give   him    a 
numbers  and  intentions. 


lie  bid  them  give  his  ,ser- 


to  join  in.     Aceordinnfly  nil  were  t'lkeii,  in  nninlH-r  .ilioiit  -100. 
TiioHC  that  were  nut  tbiiiid  to  have  ln'i'ii  in  tin-  foriiiir  war  were 
dismissed,  and   the   rest  were  sent  to    Boston.     Ahont  8  or   10 
were  liauged  as  murderers,  and  llie  rest  sold  into  slavery.     Tins 
was  the  latter  part  of  1G7(>.     Now    13   years   had  expired,  hut 
revenge   remained   in  the   breasts  of  those  tribes  whose  friends 
had  been  so  eruelly  treated.     Th"y  tiier. fore   formed  the  desi<;n 
to  destroy  all  the  garrisons  at  Cocheeho,  whieli  was  thus  artfully 
eoneerted.     Two  tupiawa  were   to  ji^et   permissio'i  to  lodj(e   ni 
each,  and  after  all  was  still  in  the  dead  of  night,  they  were  to 
open  the  doors  for  their  friendH      \<.  fear  was  di^.overed  among 
the    Englii-'h,  and    t!ie    s(jii,i\vs    were  admitted.      One    of   those 
iu.initted    into   Waldron's   garrison,    relleeting.    |<«'rhiips,  on    the 
ingratitude   she    was    about   to   be  guilty  «d',    thor^ht   to   war' 
the   M.'ijor  of  his  danger.     She  pretended  to  be  ill,  and  as  she  ' 
oil  the  tioor  would  turn   lusrself  from  .^ide  to  side,  us  th< 
to    e.ise    herself  of  pain    that   she   pretended    to    have.     VVi 
in    tins   exercise   she   began    to  sing   and  repeat  the  followiug 
verse. 

"O  Major  Waldo. 
Yoii  uroiit  .Siifiiiiiope, 
O  what  will  jdii  do, 
Indiiiiia  at  yuur  dour!" 

No  alarm  \v.".s  t'lken  at  this,  and  the  doors  were  opened 
according  to  their  plan,  and  the  enemy  rushed  in  with  great 
fury.  Tliey  found  the  Major's  room  as  he  leaped  out  u\'  bed, 
but  with  his  sword  he  drove  them  through  two  or  three 
rooms,  and  as  he  turned  to  get  some  other  arms,  he  fell  stun- 
ned by  a  blow  with  the  bateiiet.  'I'hey  dragged  him  into 
iiis  hall  and  seated  him  on  a  table  in  a  great  eiiair,  and  then 
began  to  cut  his  llesh  in  a  shocking  manner.  Koine  ie  tiirii.H 
cashed  his  naked  brea.st,  saying,  "1  cro.ss  out  my  aceoniit." 
Then  cutting  a  joint  from  a  linger,  would  say,  "  Will  your 
fist  weigh  a  pound  now?"*  His  nose  and  ears  witc  tluii  cut 
«1V  and  forced  into  his  mouth.  He  soon  fainted,  and  fill  from 
his  fieat,  and  one  held  his  ow'n  .sword  under  him,  which  pa.s- 
«ed  through  bi.s  body,  and  he  expired.  The  family  were 
forced  to  provide  them  a  supper  while  tlu-y  were  niurdeiing 

the 

•  It  is  a  tradition  concerning  Major  \Vul<lroii.  tliat  ho  iHcil  in  triidinfj  with  lh« 
Indians,  to  ciitiiit  hi"  list  ii«  wiijIiiMn  a  |,imi.(l.  also  thai  his  aoi-oinit-*  wc'i' laiif- 
and  not  crosw^d  oiii  iiccoidim;  to  iitrrci'inciil.  Ilul  in  jiistiir  to  tiii'  Major,  il  slioiilj 
be  remcnibiTi^d,  .hat  straii^'it  Indianc  who  lhoiii,'ht  llicnisilvrM  iiijiirt'ii  by  una 
EUiglishniun,  wuijd  'utko  rivcngn  uii  the  Unit  that  I'wll  iniu  tht^ir  >.auUi. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


163 


vice  to  their  captniii,  and  lei!  him.  [ih;it]  he  would 
wait  upon  him  after  he  had  been  on  shore  and  sziven 
sotne  orders  and  directions.  Being  come  pretty 
near,  he  ordered  all  the  mtn  still  tn  keep  close; 
giving  an  account  of  ihe  news  [which]  he  had  re- 
ceived,  and  then  went  ashore;  where  were  several 
of  the  chief  men  of  the  town,  who  met  him,  being 
glad  that  he  came  so  hapjiily  to  their  relief;  told  him 
the  news  [that]  Mrs.  Lee*  had  given  them,  being  the 
woman  aforesaid 

He  [vverii]'  to  Captain  Davis.f  to  get  some  refresh- 
■  ment,  havinji;  not  eaten  a  morsel  since  he  came  by 
Boston  castle.  And  n.)w  having  inquired  into  the 
state  of  the  town,  found  them  in  a  poor  condition  to 
defend  themselves  against  such  a  number  of  enemies. 
He  gave  them  an  account  of  his  orders  and  instruc- 
tions, and  told  them  what  forces  iie  had  brought,  and 
'  [g»'"g] 

tlie  M.ijor.  Tliis  wa.s  on  Tliursday  27  June,  1()89.  Mjijor 
WiildiMM  was  80  years  old  when  killed.  Fifty  two  fjeisons 
were  killed,  and  taken  captive,  of  the  former  were  23.  MS. 
Reeoljeetions. 

*  Dauifhter  of  Major  Waldron,  as  mentioned  above.  She  was 
fcikeii  the  same  time  lier  father  was  killed,  as  related  in  llie  last 
note.  Her  hijsband's  name  was  Abraham  Lee,  who  was  killed 
when  tiie  g.-irrison  was  t.ikeii. 

t(.'a|)taiii  Syivanus  Davi.-(,  the  .same  mentioned  in  the  preeed- 
ing  instructions.  J5y  Ilutehinson,  II,  2i,  it  appears  that  lit>  was 
onee  tiken  |)risoner  and  carried  to  Canada,  and  that  he  com- 
manded the  fort  at  C m-o  from  which  he  was  taken,  which,  I 
suppose,  was  in  IfJitU;  f„r  m  that  year  tln'  country  upon  the 
bay  was  desolated.  There  were  !i  number  of  <rarrisons.  and  a 
fort,  but  were  all  taken.  Captain  Davis  with  one  Captain 
J/ik(!  were  besieged  on  Arrowsike  island  in  167(i,  but  elVected 
their  escape  out  of  the  back  door  of  a  house,  and  r.iii  to 
the  water's  edjre,  and  in  n  boat  tied  to  the  nearest  land.  C;ipt. 
Liike  was  shot  down  :u»  m  landed,  but  Davis  escaped  with  a 
wound.  The  body  of  Lake  wa.s  atlerward  fnuiKl.  and  con- 
veyed aw.iy  by  M.  j<  Waldron,  Davis,  on  the  arrival  of  Gov. 
Pbips,  in  \C)[)-2,  \v:\!<  appointed  one  of  the  counsellors  for  the 
eastern  c  )untry.  Hnw  lon;v  he  continued  in  that  otiice  is  not 
known  to  me,  but  by  Sullivan,  1G7,  it  aepears  that  he  sustained 
it  in  1701. 


T,!i 


•■  I 


164 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


thnt  when  it  was  dark  they  should  all  land,  and  not 
before,  lest  the  enen)y  sfiould  discover  tlit'in.  And 
then  he  went  on  board  the  privafeer  [which  was  a 
Diifchnian.]*  But  as  he  went,  cjjlled  on  !>  Ji.rd  every 
vessel,  and  ordered  the  officers  to  take  care  ,,iat  their 
men  tnight  be  all  fitted  and  provided  to  figh;:;  for  the 
people  of  the  town  expected  the  enemy  to  fall  upon 
them  every  minute.  But  withal,  charging  them  to 
keep  undiscovered. 

And  coming  on  board  said  privateer,  was  kindly 
treated.  [He]  discoursed  [with]  Mrs.  Lee,  who  in- 
formed him,  that  the  comfiany  she  came  with,  had 
four  score  canoes,  and  that  there  were  more  of  them, 
whom  she  had  not  seen,  which  cair^e  from  other  pla- 
ces, and  that  they  told  her,  when  they  come  all  to- 
gether should  make  up  seven  hundred  men.  He 
asked  her  whether  Caste m*  was  with  them?  She 
answered,  that  there  were  several  French  men  with 

'  [who  were  Dutchmen] 


*  Rjirori  De  St.  Casthie,  a  very  extraordinary  chnracter.  Ac- 
cordiii",'  to  Volt.iire  and  tlie  Abbe  IlMyiial  he  had  been  Colonel 
of  the  ri'irinient  of  Cori>,'non,  in  France,  and  was  a  man  of 
family  and  fortune.  He  came  to  America  in  1670,  and  !<ettled 
amonjf  the  Penobscot  Indians;  marned  a  daui:hter  of  the  chief, 
nnd  had  several  otiier  wives.  By  tlie  tre:ity  of  Uredn,  the  terri- 
tory beyond  the  Penobscot  was  ceded  to  'France,  and  Castine 
lived  within  that  ountry.  Some  dillicnlty  arose  about  a  cargo 
of  wine,  which  was  l.inded  in  the  country,  and  a  new  line  w.is 
run  by  llie  En<,'lish,  by  which  the  phice  of  hmdinj;,  tojjjether  with 
Ciistine's  lands,  was  t.iken  witiiin  the  Kniflish  cluim.  Andross, 
in  his  expedition  before  named,  plundered  Ca.stine's  house  of 
every  thinjr  valuable  in  his  .•ibsenee.  This  base  act  so  exaspera- 
ted him,  that  he  used  his  exertions  to  iutlame  tin?  Indiana 
against  the  English,  which  he  etl'ectu:dly  did,  and  their  chief 
supplies  of  .-irmsand  ammunition  were  furnished  by  him.  Me  had 
an  est;ite  in  Fr.nice,  to  which  he  retired  when  the  French  lost 
their  possessions  in  th:it  part  of  the  country.  See  Sullivan's 
Hist.  !t3,  158,  ii2G.  Hist.  N.  H.  I,  19%  l!))j.  If  we  name 
this  war  from  those  th.it  occasioned  it,  we  in;iy  c.dl  it  Cas- 
tine's  war.  Hut  the  French,  perhap.s,  would  cull  it  Andros.s" 
war. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIANS  WARS. 


165 


them,  but  did  not  know  whether  Casteen  was  there 
or  not.  He  then  having  got  what  intelligence  she 
could  give  him,  went  ashore  and  viewed  the  fort  and 
town;  discoursing  with  the  gentlemen  there  accord- 
ing to  his  instructions. 

And  when  it  began  to  grow  dark,  he  ordered  the 
vessels  to  come  as  near  the  fort  as  might  be,  and  land 
the  soldiers  with  as  little  noise  as  possible;  ordering 
them  as  they  landed  to  go  into  the  ftirt  and  houses, 
that  stood  near,  that  so  they  mi^ht  be  ready  upon 
occasion.  Having  ordered  provisions  for  them,  [he] 
went  to  every  company  and  ordering  them  to  get 
every  thing  ready;  they  that  had  no  powderhorns  or 
shotbags,  should  iirunediately  make  them;  ordering 
the  officers  to  take  special  care  that  they  were  ready 
to  march  into  the  woods  an  hour  before  day;  and 
also  directing  the  watch  to  call  him  two  hours  before 
day.     So  he  hastened  to  bed  to  get  some  rest. 

At  the  time  prefixed  he  was  called  and  presently 
ordering  the  companies  to  make  ready,  and  about 
half  an  hour  before  day  they  moved.  Several  of  the 
town's  people  went  with  them  into  a  thick  place  of 
brush  about  half  a  mile  from  the  town.  Now  order- 
ing them  to  send  out  their  scouts  as  they  used  to  do, 
and  seeing  them  all  settled  at  their  work,  he  went  in- 
to town  by  sunrise  again,  and  desired  the  inhabitants 
to  take  care  of  themselves,  till  his  men  had  fitted 
themselves  with  some  necessaries;  for  his  Indians, 
most  of  them,  wanted  both  bags  and  horns.  So  he 
ordered  them  to  make  bags  like  wallets,  to  put  pow- 
der in  one  end,  and  shot  in  the  other. 

So  most  of  them  were  ready  for  action,  viz.,  the 
Seconet  Indians,  but  the  Cape  Indians  were  very 
bare,  lying  so  long  at  Boston  before  they  embarked, 
that  they  had  sold  every  thing  [that]  they  could  make 
a  y)enny  of;  some  tying  shot  and  powder  in  the  cor- 
ners of  their  blankets. 

He  being  in  town,  just  going  to  breakfast,  there 
was  an  alarm;  so  he  ordered  all  the  soldiers  in  town  to 


L:^zr: 


ill 


]66 


FRFA'CII  AM)  INDIAN  WARS. 


fine 


m<'Vf  iiwiiy  ;is  fust  tlu'v  could,  where  the  firin 
Wii«i  And  hi',  with  uhnt  men  more  were  with  hiii 
his  so'diers.  moved  immediiitrly,  [They  met]'  with 
r!i|it.iiii  Hnudit't's*  sons,  who  lold  [tliem  thitf.J'"'  their 
fiither  WMS  t;iken;  ;ind  that  they  saw  a  great  army  of 
Indian^  ill  their  lather's  orcliard,  vSic.  \\y  this  time 
our  Inuiaiis  that  wanted  hags  and  horns  were  fitted, 
but  w;uited  more  ammunition.  Presently  came  a, 
messenger  to  lilm  iVom  the  town,  and  informed  hitn, 
th.it  they  liad  knocked  out  the  heads  <.f  several  casks 
of  hiillfts,  and  thrv  were  all  too  hig,  heing  musket 
bullets,  and  would  not  fit  their  guns,  nnd  that  if  he 
did  not  go  hack  him-elf,  a  great  part  of  the  army 
would  he  kept  l)ack  from  service  for  want  of  suitable 
bull.'ts. 

lie  ran  back  and  ordered  every  vessel  to  send 
ashore  all  their  casks  of  bullets;  lieing  brought, 
[they]  knocked  out  thnir  heads,  .tnd  turned  them  all 
out  upon  the  green  hy  tlie  fort,  and  set  all  the  jieo- 
ple  in  the  town,  that  were  able,  to  make  shigs;  being 

'  [and  mcetiiijj]  *  [him] 


♦Cnptain  Antlioay  Brai-lict,  an  early  ai'ttJer  on  Casi-o  l);iy, 
wtuTc  his  poHtt-rity  yi't  ri'in;iiii.  Ndtico  is  taki'ii  liy  Sullivan, 
1  It),  that  till- family  wi'i'f  (•(•iisiih'ralik-  landhoiiicrs  in  i''alini)nth, 
between  the  1()80,  and  KiitO,  niider  a  title  of  tlie  i,'overnment, 
t*iyne(i  iiy  president  D.infoith.  lb.  IDO,  lit".  When  ("aseo  was 
destroyed  in  lH"*!,  Captain  Hrackt't  \\  ith  his  wife  and  (Uie  eliikl 
was  taken  Ity  the  sav.iires.  This  was  on  the  11  Aujrnst,  and  the, 
Novendier  follovvinj^  they  made  ther  escape.  Those  that 
had  them  prisoners,  iand"d  them  on  ths-  north  slmre  of  tho 
liay.  ami  here  their  keepers  li.id  iiitelli;.>-enet^  of  a  vahiahle  house, 
taken  hy  another  party,  the  spoils  of  whieh  they  were  e.iu'er 
to  share:  therefort',  leavin;'  Ihaeket,  his  wife  and  child,  anil  a 
iiei^no.  with  SOUH'  i)rovisii)iis,  who  promised  thit  they  would 
«'(»ine  after,  and  departed.  'I'liey  found  an  old  (lireh  e.-nnje,  in 
whieh  they  escaped  to  the  other  side  of  the  bay,  where,  only 
the  day  before  the  enemy  had  left.  Mere  thev  i/ot  on  hoard  a 
vessel  bound  to  l'ascatai|na,  were  they  .irrived  safe.  Unbhard, 
291}  to  :J!)6.  Wh.it  time  Hr.ii'ket  reliu  iied  to  his  lantls  does  not 
njipear.  When  .Xndriss  erected  forts  there  in  Ui88,  Captsiin 
Bracket  Wiw  put  in  command  of  three.     Sullivan,  260. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


167 


most  of  them  too  liirue  for  tlieir  use,  which  had  like 
to  h:ivo  heen  the  overthrow  of  their  whole  army. 
lie  fiii(hii<^  some  small  hulh^ts,  and  what  slugs  were 
made,  and  three  kiiapsiiclvs  of  powder,  went  imme- 
diately to  the  army,  which  was  very  hotly  enjiaifed. 
Hut  coming;  to  the  river  the  tide  was  up;  he  called  to 
his  men  that  were  en<iafTcd,  encouragin*^  them,  and 
told  them  [that]  he  had  hrought  iriore  ammunition  for 
them.  An  In-.'n,  called  ('aptain  Li^htfoot,*  laid 
down  his  <fun,  aiid  came  over  the  river,  takinji  the 
|)ow(ler  up(»n  his  head,  and  a  kettle  of  bullets  in  each 
hand,  and  -.ot  safe  to  his  fellow  soldiers. 

lie  perceiving  great  firing  ujion  that  side  he  was 
of,  went  to  s  e  who  they  were,  and  found  them  to  he 
two  of  Major  Church's"  companies,  one  of  Fingli«<h 
and  the  other  of  Indians,  being  in  all  about  fourscore 
men,  that  had  not  got  over  the  river,  but  lay  firing 
over  our  men's  heads  at  the  enemy.  He  presently 
ordered  them  to  rally,  and  come  all  together,  and 
gave  the  word  for  a  (\isco  man.  So  one  Swarton,  a 
Jersey  man,t  appearing,  whom  he  could  hardly  un- 
derstaml.  He  asked  him  how  far  it  was  to  the  head 
of  the  river,  or  .whether  there  were  any  place  to  get 
over?  lie  said  [that]  there  was  a  bridiie  about  three 
quarters  of  a  mile  up,  where  they  might  get  over. 
So  he  calling  to  his  soldiers,  engaged  on  the  other 
side,  that  he  ^vould  soon  be  with  them  over  the 
bridge,  and  c<.;ne  upon  the  backs  of  the  enemy, 
which  put  new  courage  into  them.  So  they  imme- 
diatelv  move'  up  towards  the  bridge,  marching  very 
thin;  "being  willing  to  make  what  show  they  could  ; 
shouting  as  they  .narched.  They  saw  the  enemy 
running  from  the  river  side,  where  they  had  niadev 
stands  with  v.  ood  to  prevent  any  body  from  coming 
over  the  rivtr;  and  coming  to  the  bridge,  they  saw 
on  the  other  side,  that  the  enemy  had  laid  logs,  and 


*  See  note  2  on  piii^e  100. 
I  An  Irisliiuiin. 


ICS 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


^  S    fi 


i  ( 
I  ■ 


stuck  birch  brusli  along  to  hi<!c  taernsclves  from  our 
view. 

lie  ordered  the  company  to  come  altogether,  bid- 
ding them  all  to  run  alter  him,  who  would  go  first; 
and  that  as  soon  as  they  got  over  the  bridge,  to  scat- 
ter; that  so  they  might  not  all  be  shot  down  to- 
gether; expect'ng  the  enemy  to  be  at  their  stands. 
80  running  u|)  to  the  stands,  found  none  there,  but 
were  just  gone;  the  ground  being  much  fumbled 
with  them  behind  the  said  stands.  He  ordered 
the  Captain  with  his  company  of  Knglish  to  nmrch 
down  to  our  men,  enganed,  and  that  they  should  keep 
along  upon  the  edge  of  the  marsh,  and  himsell'.  witli 
his  Indian  soldiers  would  march  down  lhn»u!ih  the 
brush.  And  ctnninu;  to  a  parcel  of  low  giound, 
which  had  been  formerly  burnt,  the  <»ld  brush  being 
fallen  down,  lay  very  thick,  and  the  youii'^  brush 
being  grown  U|»,  made  it  bad  travellinjr.  liut  com- 
ing near  the  back  of  the  enemy,  one  of  his  men  call- 
ed unto  him.  (their  connnandcr)  and  said,  "The  ene- 
my run  westward  to  get  between  us  an  I  the  bridge." 
And  he  looking  that  way.  saw  men  runniny;  and 
making  a  small  stop,  heard  no  (iring,  but  a  great 
chopping  with  hatchets;  so  concluding  the  fiiiht  was 
over,  made  the  best  of  their  wiiv  to  the  bridge  again; 
lest  the  enemy  should  get  over  the  bridge  into  the 
town. 

The  men  being  most  of  them  out,  (our  ammuni- 
tion lav  exposed)  [and]  cominir  to  the  bridae  where 
he  leit  six  Indians  tor  an  ambuscade  on  the  other  side 
of  the  river,  that  if  any  enemy  offered  to  come  over, 
they  should  fire  at  them,  which  would  give  him  notice; 
i.o  woul('  come  to  their  assistance.  (Hut  in  the  way, 
havint;  beard  no  firintj,  nor  shoutini',  concluded  the 
enemy  were  drawn  otf.)  lie  asked  the  and)uscade 
whether  they  saw  any  Indians?  thev  said  "Yes, 
abundance."  lie  asked  thtni  where?  They  answer- 
ed, that  they  ran  over  the  head  of  the  river  by  the 


J 


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THE  FIQUT  .IT  CjiSCO.       P.  166. 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  t4SS0 

(716)  S72-4503 


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:/. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


169 


cci'^r  swamp,  and  were   running  into  the  neck  to- 
wards the  town. 

There  being  but  one  Englishman  with  him,  he  bid 
his  Indian  soldiers  scatter,  [and]  run  very  thin,  to 
preserve  themselves  and  be  the  better  able  to  make 
a  discovery  of  the  enemy.  And  soon  coming  to 
Lieutenant  Clark's*  field,  on  the  south  side  of  the 
neck,  and  seeing  the  cattle  feeding  quietly,  and  per- 
ceiving no  track,  concluded  the  ambuscade  had  told 
them  a  falsehood.  They  hastily  returned  back  to 
the  said  bridge,  perceiving  [thatj  there  was  ;:o  noise 
of  the  enemy. 

He  hearing  several  great  guns  fire  at  the  town 
concluded  that  they  were  either  assaulted,  or  that 
they  had  discovered  the  enemy  ;  [ — ]^  having  order- 
ed that  in  case  such  should  be,  that  they  should  fire 
some  of  their  great  guns  to  give  him  notice.     He 
being  a  stranger  to  the  country,  concluded  [that]  the 
enemy  had,  by  some  other  way,  got  to  the  town ; 
whereupon  he  sent  his  men  to  the  town,  and  himself 
going  to  the  river,  near  where  the  fight  had  been, 
asked  them  how  they  did,  and  what  was  become  of 
the  enemy "?  [They]'  informed  him  that  the  enemy 
drew  olf  in  less  than  an  hour  after  he  left  them,  and 
had  not  fired  a  gun  at  them  since.     He  told  them 
[that]  he  had  bijen  within  little  more  than  a  gun 
shot  of  the  back  of  the  enemy,  and  had  been  upon 
them,  had  it  not  been  for  thick  brushy  ground,  &c. 
Now  some  of  his  men  returning  from  the  town, 
gave  him  the  account,  that  they  went  while  they  saw 
1  [He]  2  [Wh.>] 

•  The  name  of  Clark  occurs  early  amone  the  first  claimers 
of  the  soil  in  this  part  of  the  country.  To  Thomas  Clark 
and  Roger  Spencer,  was  sold  the  island  of  Arrowseag,  as  (he 
Indians  called  it,  but  the  English,  Arrowsike.  It  appears 
also  that  Clark  possessed  lands  on  the  main,  from  wlience  he 
was  driven  in  1675.  Sullivan,  145,  169,  173,  This  if  not 
the  same  may  be  a  relative.  Mather,  Mag.,  524,  informs  us, 
tiiat  one  Lieut.  Clark  was  killed  here  in  a  sally  in  May, 
1690. 

H 


170 


PUENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


%'  i 


the  colours  standing,  and  men  walking  about  as  not 
molested.  He  presently  ordered  that  all  his  army* 
should  pursue  the  enemy,  but  they  told  him  that 
most  of  them  had  spent  their  ammunition ;  and  that 
if  the  enemy  had  engaged  them  a  little  longer,  they 
might  have  come  and  knocked  them  on  the  head ; 
and  that  some  of  their  bullets  were  so  unsizeable, 
that  some  of  them  were  forced  to  make  slugs  while 
they  were  engaged. 

He  then  ordered  them  to  get  over  all  the  wounded 
and  dead  men,  and  to  leave  none  behind,  which  was 
done  by  some  canoes  they  had  got.  Captain  Hallf 
and  his  men  being  first  engaged,  did  great  damafre, 
and  suflTered  the  greatest  loss  in  his  men.  But  Cap- 
tam  Southworth,J  with  his  company,  and  Captain 
Numposh  with  the  Seconet  Inaians,  and  the  most  of 
the  men  belonging  to  the  town  all  coming  suddenly 
to  his  relief,  prevented  him  and  his  whole  company 
from  being  cut  off,  &.c. 

By  thi^  time  the  day  was  far  spent,  and  marching 
into  town  about  sunset,  carrying  in  all  their  wounded 
and  dead  men  ;  being  all  sensible  of  God's  goodness 
to  them,  in  giving  them  the  victory,  and  causing  the 
enemy  to  fly  with  shame  ;  who  never  gave  one  shout 
at  their  drawing  off.  The  poor  inhabitants  wonder- 
fully rejoiced  that  the  Almighty  had  "  -red  them 
so  much;  saying,  that  if  Major  Churc  h  his  for- 

ces had  not  come  at  that  juncture,  they  had  been  all 
cut  off;  and  said  further,  that  it  was  the  first  time, 
that  ever  the  eastward  Indians  had  been  put  to  fliglit. 

•  How  numerous  tills  army  ^v  is  is  not  tol  I  us,  but  it  i)roha- 
Dly  consisted  of  near  400  men,  as  his  own  volunteers  number- 
ed 250,  and  tliese  men  were  joined  by  two  other  companies 
as  mentioned  in  his  commission  I'rom  the  Massaclmsetts  gov- 
ernment, 

t  Captain  Nathaniel  Hall  was  of  the  Massachusetts  where 
the  name  is  very  common  at  this  day.  Mather,  Mag.  IF, 
515,  says, "  he  had  been  a  valiant  captain  in  the  former  war." 

X  Captain  Nathaniel  Southworth  of  Plymouth  colony.  I 
&Dd  no  particulars  of  him. 


!   M 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


171 


The  said  Church  with  his  volunteers  were  wonder- 
fully preserved,  having  never  a  man  killed  outright, 
and  but  one  Indian  mortally  wounded,  who  died ; 
several  more  being  badly  wounded,  but  recovered.* 
After  this  engagement  Major  Church,  with  his  for- 
ces, ranging  all  the  country  thereabout,  in  pursuit  of 
the  enemy  and  visiting  all  the  garrisons  at  Black 
point,f  Spurwink,J  and  Blue  point,§  and  went  up 
Kennebeckjl  river,  but  to  little  effect.  And  now 
winter  drawing  near,  he  received  orders  from  the 
government  of  Massachusetts  bay,  to  settle  all  the 
garrisons,  and  put  in  suitable  officers  according  to 
his  best  discretion,  and  to  send  home  all  his  soldiers, 
volunteers  and  transports,  which  orders  he  presently 
obeyed. IT  Being  obliged  to  buy  him  a  horse  to  go 
home  by  land,  that  so  he  might  the  better  comply 
with  his  orders. 

•  The  killed  and  wounded  spoken  of  above  as  being 
brought  over  in  canoes,  were  Captain  Hall's  men  By  this 
statement  reference  is  only  made  to  the  Plymouth  forces. 
Mather  says,  that  10  or  12  were  killed.     Magnaha,  II,  515. 

t  A  short  distance  to  the  west  of  Cape  Elizaneth,  in  the 
Vown  of  Scarborough,  and  was  called  the  east  paiiith. 

t  "  On  tn':  west  line  of  Cape  Elizabeth  [town)  or  on  the 
ast  line  of  Scarborough."     A  small  river  meets  ihe  sea  here 
tf  the  same  name.     Sullivan,  26,  115. 

§  A  little  to  the  west  of  Black  point  and  was  the  west  par- 
ish of  Scarborough,     ib.  213. 

II  Sullivan,  31,  tells  us,  that  this  name,  "  no  doubt,"  is  de- 
rived "  from  a  race  of  Sagamores  of  the  name  of  Kenebis." 
This  noble  and  beautiful  river  enters  the  ocean  to  the  east  of 
Casco  bay,  in  about  33  d.  42  min.,  north  latitude.  It  is  the 
ancient  Sagadahock,  and  is  celebrated  as  the  place  where 
the  first  settlement  was  made  in  Newengland.  It  was  on  an 
island  at  the  mouth  of  said  river,  called  Stage  island,  in  1607, 
by  a  colony  of  100  persons  in  two  ships  under  the  direction  of 
Sir  John  Ponham.  But  the  next  year,  their  chief  men  being 
dead,  the  colony  returned  to  England.  An  earlier  date  is 
assigned  to  Ihe  discovery  of  .he  river  by  the  French,  namelyj 
in  1604.  See  an  anecdote  of  this  settlement  in  the  Appen- 
dix, No.  Xil,  4. 

IT  At  this  time,  the  whole  eastern  country  wa"s  saved  by 
this  expedition.     Sullivan,  iO-i. 


!'<fi 


?■!? 


11 


M 


172 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


The  poor  people,  the  inhabitants  of  Cusco,  and 
places  adjacent,  when  they  saw  [that]  he  was  going 
away  from  them,  lamented  sadly,  and  begged  eari>- 
estly  that  he  would  suffer  them  to  come  away  in  the 
transports ;  saying,  that  if  he  left  them  there,  that 
in  the  spring  of  the  year,  the  enemy  would  come  and 
destroy  them  and  their  families,  &,c.  So  by  their 
earnest  request,  the  said  Major  Church  promised 
them,  that  if  the  governments  that  had  now  sent  him, 
would  send  him  the  next  spring,  he  would  certainly 
come  with  his  volunteers  and  Indians  to  their  relief; 
and,  that  as  sooi  as  he  had  been  at  home,  and  taken 
a  little  care  of  his  own  business,  he  would  certainly 
wait  upon  the  gentlemen  of  Boston,  and  inform  them 
of  the  promise  [that]  he  had  made  to  them ;  and  if 
they  did  not  see  cause  to  send  them  relief,  to  entreat 
their  honour§,  seasonably  to  draw  them  off,  that  they 
might  not  be  a  prey  to  the  barbarous  enemy. 

Taking  his  leave  of  those  poor  inhabitants,  some 
of  the  chief  men  there,  waited  upon  him  to  Black 
point,  to  Captain  Scottaway's*  garrison.  Coming 
there,  they  ()revailed  with  the  said  Captain  Scottaway 
to  go  with  him  to  Boston,  which  he  readily  complied 
with,  provided  the  said  Church  would  put  another  in 
to  command  the  garrison ;  which  being  done,  and 
taking  their  leave  one  of  anotiier,  they  set  out  and 
travelled  through  all  the  country,  home  to  Boston ; 
(having  employed  himself  to  the  utmost  to  fulfil  his 
instructions,  last  received  from  Boston ;  which  cost 
him  about  a  month's  service  over  and  above  what  he 
had  pay  for  from  the  Plymouth  gentlemen.)  And  in 
his  trfivel  homeward,  several  gentlemen  waited  upon 
the  said  Major  Church,  who  was  obliged  to  bear  their 
expenses. f 

"  No  more  of  this  gentleman  is  found,  than  what  is  given  in 
this  place. 

t  Whether  this  was  a  general  rustom  in  those  days,  or  not, 
I  have  taken  no  trouble  to  ascertain,  hut  it  would  contribute 
very  little  to  the  dignity  of  an  otlice  now. 


p> 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


173 


WJien  he  canit  to  Boston  gentlemen,  he  informed 
(hem  of  the  miseries  those  poor  people  were  in,  by 
having  their  provisions  taken  from  ihem  by  order  of 
the  president,*  &c.,  then  went  home. 

[He]  staid  not  long  there  before  he  returned  to 
Boston,  where  Captain  Scottaway  waited  for  his  com- 
ing, that  he  mi^ht  have  the  determination  of  the  go- 
vernment of  Boston  to  carry  home  with  him.  [ — ]' 
It  being  the  time  of  the  small  pox  there,  ([ — ]^  Ma- 
jor Church  not  having  had  it)  [he  tookj^  up  his  lodg- 
mg  near  the  Court  house,  [and  had}'  the  first  oppor- 
tunity to  inform  those  gentlemen  of  the  Court  [of] 
his  business.  [They]**  said  [that]  they  were  very 
busy  in  sending  home  Wir  Edmund,  the  ship  being 
ready  to  sail. 

The  said  Major  Church  still  waited  upon  them, 
and  at  every  opportunity  entreated  those  gentlemen 
in  behalf  of  the  poor  people  ofCasco,  informing  the 
necessity  of  taking  care  of  them,  either  by  sending 
them  relief  early  in  the  spring,  or  suffer  them  to  draw 
off",  otherwise  they  would  certainly  be  destroyed,  Slc. 
Their  answer  was,  that  they  could  do  nothing  till  Sir 
Edmund  was  gone.  Waiting  there  three  weeks  upon 
great  expenses,  he  concluded  to  draw  up  some  of  the 
circumstances  of  Casco,  and  places  adjacent,  and  to 
leave  it  upon  the  council  board,  before  the  Gover- 
nour  and  council.  Having  got  it  done,  obtained 
liberty  to  go  up  where  the  Governotir  and  council 
were  sitting,  he  informed  their  honours,  that  he  had 
waited  till  his  patience  was  worn  out,  so  had  drawn 
u[)  the  mutter  to  leave  upon  the  board  before  them, 
which  is  as  follows. 

"  To  the  honoured  (iovernour  and  council  of  the 

Mcissachusetts. 
Gentlemen, 

Whereas  by  virtue  of  yours,  with  Plynioi'th's  de- 
l[aml]      2  rami]     •[taking]      4  [took]     s  [«ho] 


1  jg: 


'I   H 


km 


i 


ii 


174 


i_: 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


niros  and  ;nminunils,  I  went  ciistwiird  in  the  laftt  ex- 
pi'ditioii  against,  tlu;  coimmtii  [iidian  rniMiiy,  wlicro 
providiTice  an  ordcrcci  that  we  attackj'd  tlieir  great- 
est body  of  foices,  cntniii.ij;  then  for  the  destruction 
of  Fahnnuth,  which  wv.  know  marched  olf  repulsed 
with  considerable  daini\g(;,  leaving  the  ground,  and 
have  never  sinco  [been]  seen  there,  or  in  anyplace 
adjacent.  The  time  of  tlie  year  being  then  too  late 
to  prosecute  any  further  design,  and  other  accidents 
falling  out  contrary  to  my  expectation,  impeded  the 
desir(!d  success.  Upon  my  then  removal  from  the 
province  of  Maine,  the  inhabitants  were  very  solici- 
tous that  this  enemy  might  be  furtlier  prosecuted, 
willing  to  venture  their  lives  and  fortunes,  in  th«>  said 
enterprise,  wherein  they  might  serve  (lod,  their  King, 
and  country,  and  enjoy  i|uiet  and  jx-aceable  habita- 
tions. Upon  which  I  pro/nised  to  signify  the  same 
to  yourselves,  and  willing  to  venture  that  little  which 
providence  hath  betrusted  me  with,  on  the  said  ac- 
count. The  season  of  the  year  being  such,  if  some 
speedy  action  be  not  performed  in  attacking  them, 
th'jy  will  certainly  be  upon  us  in  our  out  towns,  God 
knows  where,  and  the  inhabitants  there,  not  being 
able  to  defend  themselves,  without  do»d)l  m  uiy  souls 
may  be  cut  olf,  as  our  last  y(;ar's  experience  wofully 
hath  declared.  The  inhal)itants  there,  trust  t.)  your 
protection,  having  undertaken  goveriuncnt  and  your 
propriety;  if  nothing  be  ptjrformed  on  tiie  saiil  ac- 
count the  best  way,  under  correction,  is  to  (hnnolish 
the  garrison,  and  draw  ofl'  the  inhabitants,  tluit  they 
may  not  be  left  to  a  merciless  enemy  ;  and  that  the 
arms  and  ammunition  may  not  be  tlieri;  for  the 
strengthening  of  the  enemy,  who  without  doi' bt  have 
need  enough,  having  exhaustetl  their  greal(!st  store 
in  this  winter  season.  I  have  pijrformtul  my  promise 
to  tiiem,  and  accpiitt'ed  myself  in  specifying  the  same 
to  yourselves.  Not  that  I  desire  to  btj  in  any  action 
although  willing  to  serve  my  King  and  country,  and 
may  puss  under  the  censure  of  scandalous  tongues 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


173 


in  the  last  expedition,  which  I  hope  they  will  .iniend 
on  the  first  opportunity  of  service.  I  leave  to  iiiii- 
ture  consideration,  the  loss  of  trade  and  fishery ;  the 
war  brought  to  the  doons.  What  a  triumph  it  will 
be  to  the  enemy ;  derision  to  our  neighbours,  beside 
dishonour  to  God  and  our  nation,  and  grounds  of 
frown  from  our  Prince;  the  frustration  of  those, 
whose  eyes  are  upon  you  for  help,  who  might  have 
otherwise  applied  themselves  to  their  King.  Gentle- 
men, this  I  thought  humbly  to  propose  unto  you.  that 
I  might  discharge  myself  in  my  trust  from  yourselves, 
and  promise  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  province,  but 
especially  my  duty  to  God,  her  Majesty,  and  my  na- 
tion, praying  for  vour  honours  prosperity,  subscribe, 
Your  servant, 

BENJAMIN  CHURCH. 

A  true  copy  ^iven  in  at  Boston,  this  6th  of  February, 
1689,*  at  the  Council  Board. 

Attest.     T.  S."t 

Major  Church  said,  moreover,  that  in  thus  doing 
he  had  complied  with  his  promise  to  those  ])Oor'  peo- 
ple of  Casco,  and  should  be  quit  from  the  guilt  of 
their  blood.  The  Governour  was  pleased  to  thank 
him  for  his  care  and  pains  taken,  then  taking  his 
leave  of  them  went  home,  and  left  Captain  Scotta- 
way  in  a  very  sorrowful  condition,  who  returned 
home  sometime  after  with  only  u  copy  of  what  was 
left  on  the  board  by  the  said  Church.  Ma;  n  (Miurch 
not  hearing  any  thing  till  May  followinij.  .viul  then 
was  informed,  that  those  poor  peo|)le  of  ('asco  were 
cut  ofV  by  the  barbarous  enemy  ;J  and  although  they 


*It  should  be  1G90,  or  1689-90.     Soc  note  1,  on  page  147. 

f  For  whose  name  these  initials  stand  I  have  not  satisfactorily 
aacHTtained. 

I  In  May,  KiOO.  Some  forces  had  just  loft  Casco,  and 
joined  Sir  VVni.  I'liips  to  ffo  against  Portroyal,  wlien  an  army 
of  four  hundred,  or  more,  Freiieh  and  Indians  wlmo  diseover- 
«d  about  the  plaee.     "There  was  a  fort  near  the  water,  and 


N| 


m 


i    ! 


I    - 


176 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


I 


mafle  tlieir  terms  with  Monsieur  Custccn,  wlio  wns 
commaruler  of  tliosc  cnoinics,  yet  he  suH'ered  those 
merciless  savages  to  massacre  and  destroy  the  most 
of  them. 

To  conchide  this  first  expedition  East,  I  shall  just 
give  you  a  hint  how  Major  Church  was  treated,  a', 
though  he  was  commander  in  chief  of  all  the  forces 
out  of  Plymouth  and  Boston  government.  After  he 
came  home,  Plymouth  gentlemen  paid  him  hut  forty- 
two  pounds,  telling  him,  he  must  go  to  Boston  gen- 
tlemen for  the  rest,  who  were  his  employers  as  well 
as  they.  Of  whom  he  nevc^r  had  one  penny,  for  all 
travel  and  expenses  in  raising  volunteers,  and  ser- 
vices done  ;  except  forty  shillings  or  thereabout, 
for  going  from  Boston  to  lihodeisland  on  their  busi- 
ness, and  back  to  Boston  again ;  also  for  sending  a 
man  to  Providence  for  Captain  Edmunds,*  who 
raised  a  company  in  those  parts,  and  went  east  with 
them. 

another  on  the  hill,  near  where  the  burying  iiround  is,  and 
another  on  thn  rocky  ground,  south  from  the  place  wiiorothe 
first  meeting  house  stands,"  in  what  was  the  town  of  Fal- 
mouth. That  near  the  hurying  grounti  was  abandoned  as 
untenable,  and  both  of  the  others  at\er  some  time  werr'  car- 
ried by  a>isault.  One  hundred  persons  now  fell  into  tlie 
hands  of  Vhe  enemy.     The  French  commander  proini>ied  the 

S;arrisons  safety  to  their  persons,  and  liberty  to  go  to  the  next 
'iUgli^h  town,  but  he  kei)t  his  promise  no  longer  than  wliile 
lie  was  in  possession.  The  whole  country  hereabout  was 
laid  desolate,  and  presented  a  most  dreadful  scene  of  ruin. 
The  ground  was  strewed  with  the  bones  of  the  dead,  which 
Church,  on  his  arrival  aflerward,  giUhered  up  and  buried. 
Hist.  Maine,  202.     Magnalia,  II,  524. 

*The  «ame  who  is  mentioned  in  Philip's  war,  53,     I  learn 
nothing  of  his  eastern  expedition. 


!l 


M 


FliENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAR>». 


•77 


THE  i^ECONDi  EXPHDlTtnif    Kliitk  ■  »    >ll   lull) 

'  '  tv  tii^  year  l'r»!)rt  wds  the  exrtcftltiofi^*^  i^  Hr^di 
da,-|-  an(|  ^Tajor  V  {jLtloyl  often  rftgiV  stc(^  ^  »|lj^f  (*h^cft 

*  Cnntiilh  bail  Initft' brnnitot»siderR«l  Oiv  ^nurch  of, hll  4!h< 
ev>!s!em,Ujfj(?t^,bvjl,liq^<vlQnip.s.  i  f){*}nc«>l,l)ol9flpr  trai^,©/  wars 
at  tli»?  flxpqnsp  lof  ^o^nvujh  bipod  anii,tr''a>^T<'  to  ,".drivp-,ihe 
Fronrh  f)TiUrip!<naija;"    Sir  AVflniinl'Pt'i«'^ 

liiv  uhavoHlBfblci aoeitltrntB, did' not  ihLvr  bbfoK  QutHcdk  lin* 
lil  t|»*;5  Qi-^W'fJ?.  iiTIr  inCrVt  in^rpiilg,  |i,«i,s^pt  a  (siiipi^>qr](^ 
on  sliQr«?,il)i|i^  pecp^vqd  ap  inso|p(it  i^nsw(^.(roiT^|Uio/»pv<«rp^ 
oil",  'f  he  next  day,  lie  attempted  to  land  his  troMjS,  Uut'^M 
j.refenfe'd'bjr  (hie  «6lWi-'«^  of  tli*  WirJd'."' Or^  t*fe  ■8'''rfU  flM 
ftl>cliivr  MRrVdlb  oi-  t960)>iaAd«d  ^nithi;  iskind  oil  Drleami 
4  milpw  '>elQiw,ith«f!<o»vn)iai)d  w^ne  fir€i^l  ^ufrOpj  thf!,wot><il^ 

til  llie  11,  and  tln'n  learnine  t)y  ^  deserter,,  the  strenfctn  oC 
th.\j)lac^'''^hl^<^mMfkWv^Uh  pi't'ripifatiHh.^  U  th^Vr  Way 
to  BrtHitohi,  li>iie'lT<kt<t'was»lispf  r*fiU  irt  a'lRWi^ntj  iSorwo^the 
vo.-selH  wcrip  blown  ofl'tothn  W^st,  Indies,  <(n(>,>yiE|s  lot*  on  an 
isls^ivJ  ^c^r,  Ux^,<Tionthoni,e,  ,Sf  .,L|iwrppcc.  .i^ii<J  t>jif'{^,py  t}j/-,efl 
vvoi*e  nev^r  heard,  pi.  Holmes,  I,  478,  479.  fJoy  provisions 
at  holtie'  ftaA' '  Ui^h  \niiAk  ih  jSa'y  iM  tokJ^s.'lVJ^Wfe  6ti  '/•UM'i 
»l«r  I'lJilUiof  ai^edlt,  *h(»rlpfiN»i  wc*e  i'«irtoried'to»lw»>ii«h  Mr»if«! 
tiie  rtiste\Jftr  ws^diatliis  country.!  H^t6|iin.')oni(lt>ft56«l9D7v. 
t  The  derivtition  of  theii^^ord  Cdnadflr, ilwing  so^dmo^i.it 
was  thought  that  it  would  lie  panloi>aUle  to  give  it  a  plac«  in 
this  wotlu  Mr.  Bbi-mari,  in  his  rl^cellehti'^  lAtrodnotlohiW 
ft  History  (if  Maryland,"  84,  saysthart  StiB  a'traditwnalr*« 
port,  that  prerimii*  to  the  visitingiorNHvfonndland  l>yiCa>e 
tier,  in  1534,  «.>ittc  Sprtniards  visited  timt  tioaM  rn  Rparclrri^ 
pild,  hut  itsappi^aranee  discouraged  th«'rrts  {ind  thity  quitted 
it  in  haste  crying  out  as  they  went  on  br^H  t))«ii»  VetswVlt 
»  dr.anada,  Jtira^mda,''  that  is,  imJh^|>g)A!>l<,,'f  JAfi»-B,f>7»mA- 
tn;,'-  /uve.V'  Tim  ir.dian?  ietaiu«;d  t\v\t^  fPK^h  int^mr  WWUftt 
ii<'s,  and  aftf rv  a.i:,  when  the  Fr.emJi  |i;an>3  ipith^icoijnlsjrk 
they  werrl  salut^^l  with  tli(|  saino  fwfirfjf  j  ai<»"  niis^<»ftk  tfaf.ia 
lor  the  name  ofthft  toiuitry.  Awl  ifl  iintfitjjie;  first  l^fctflr,  y\-xu» 
lost,  hence  the  name  (aimda,  ,  ^oi:9ething^iQ9,(»nting  ,t0 
nearly  the  sawne  thing  may  be  seeO;U)i.fIalh«r'*i  JSIftgijaiift^ 

II,  i>'22.  -,',.■.,.      ^    M      ,!     !•,         ,,,'    I,.,!,     u'ti.iil     Auid.iW     !0    vji  . 

}  .John  Walley,  wlio  had  the  command  of  the  land  n>rbt^ 
unvU'ViSir./Wil'fan  Phips,  asainptiC^fiada...  An  .ci,<<l,irje jour- 
nal, kept  by  Walley,  ol' thai- Q^p.fldMiion,  i*  pjreij(ry»Jii» 
u  12 


J 


^    " 


;i  ! 


i    ! 


178 


FIIKNCII  AM)  INDIAN  WAllS. 


that  if  lie  would  not  ^o  liiiiisclt'  in  tliat  t;.\|)(.'(liti()n, 
tliiit  III'  would  not  liiiidcr  otlicrs.  lie  answered  the 
suid  VViilley,  tliiit  lie  should  liiiidcr  none  but  his  ol:l 
soldiers,  thiit  used  to  go  aloii<r  with  him,  Sm. 

The  suid  Church  goin«?  dt»wn  to  Churlestovvn,  to 
take  his  leave  of  some  of  his  relations  and  friends, 
who  were  going  into  thftt  ex[)editioii,  promised  his 
wife  and  family  not  to  go  into  Boston,  the  small  pox* 
being  very  rife  there.  Coming  to  Charlestowii,  seve- 
ral of  his  friends  in  Boston  eanie  over  to  see  iiim. 
And  the  next  day  after  the  said  Chur<»l»  came  there, 
Major  Wulley  came  to  him,  and  informed  him  that 
the  Governour  and  council  wanted  to  speak  with 
him.  He  answered  him,  that  he  had  promised  his 
wife  and  family  not  to  go  into  Boston ;  saying, 
[that]  if  they  had  any  business,  they  could  write  to 
him,  and  that  he  would  send  them  his  answer. 

Soon  after  came  over  two  other  gentlemen  with  a 
message,  that  the  Governour  and  council  wanted  to 
have  some  discourse  with  him.  The  answer  return- 
ed, was,  that  he  intended  to  lodge  that  night  at  the 
Greyhound,  in  Iloxbury,  and  that  in  the  morning, 
would  come  to  Pollard'sf  at  the  south  end  of  Bos- 
ton, which  accordingly  he  did.     Soon  after  he  caino 

Hutrliinson,  A|).  1,470.  He  was  judf^eorthe  superiour  court 
of  Massachusetts,  and  a  member  of  the  council.  The  church 
of  Bristol  is  indebted  to  liiin  as  one  of  its  principal  fountiers 
He  is  represented,  as  possessing  sweetness  of  spirit,  wisilom 
in  council,  and  impartiality  as  a  Judge.  He  died  11  Janua- 
ry, I7l'i,  aged  bS  years. 

•  I  find  no  mention  of  the  Small  Pox  at  this  time  in  Boston 
by  any  author  that  I  have  consulted  ;  but  in  the  History  of 
Dorchester  it  is  noted,  i)age  24,  "  that  from  the  first  of  April, 
1G90,  unto  the  first  of  July,  ItiOl,  there  died  in  Dorchester 
57  persons  ;  33  of  them  oi  the  small  pox,  the  rest  of  a  fever." 
Hence  from  its  near  vicinity  to  Boston,  no  tloubt  it  was  very 
prevalent  there.  [Having  since  seen  in  Mr.  Snow's  Histo- 
ry of  Boston,  that  it  did  prevail  there  as  mentioned  in  the 
text.] 

t  A  publick  house,  under  this  name,  is  ye(  known  in  Bos- 
toa,  at  the  golden  ball,  Elm  street. 


-s-i 


KKI'NCir  AND  INDIAN  WARS 


179 


tliillirr,  received  a  letter  from  tlie  lioiioiirahle  Cap- 
tain Sewall/  t(»  re(|in;.st  hiiii  to  eome  to  tin,'  fnnii«-il. 
The  answer  (tliatj  he  returned  hy  the  hearer  was, 
that  li(!  thoiitrht  tliere  was  no  need  of  his  hazardini^ 
hini-iclf  so  niueh  as  to  cotni;  and  speak  witli  thtMii; 
not  that  h(!  was  afraid  of  his  hfe,  hut  heeau-ie  he  iiail 
tut  mind  to  be  concerned  ;  and  further  by  reason 
[that)  they  wouhl  not  hearken  to  him  al)out  tlie  poor 
peo|)le  (d'  Casco.  But  imnuMliately  came  Mr.  Max- 
nehlf  to  him,  sayin*;,  that  the  council  bid  him  tell 
the  said  (^'hurch,  that  if  he  would  take  his  horse  and 
riile  alonj^  tlie  middle  of  the  street,  there  nii;fht  be 
no  dan<^er.  Tlujy  were  then  sittin<f  in  council. 
H(!  bid  [iiiRi]'  <fo  and  tc-Il  his  masters  not  to  trouble 
themselves  whether  he  came  upon  his  head  or  hi.'i 
feet,  he  was  coming.  However,  thinking  the  re- 
tvirn  was  something  rude,  called  him  back  to  drink 
a  glass  of  wine,  and  then  Ik;  would  go  with  him. 

So  coming  to  the  council,  they  were  very  thiink- 
ful  to  him  for  his  coming,  and  told  him,  that  the  oc- 
casion of  their  sending  for  hitn  was,  that  there  was 
a  captive  come  in,  who  gave  them  an  account,  tliat 
the  Indians  were  come  down,  and  had  taken  posses- 
sion of  the  stone  fort  at  Pejepscot,J  so   that  they 

1  [theinj 

*  Slophpn  Scwall,  I  conchulp  this  must  ho,  who  was  com- 
mander of  (lie  fort  at  Salmi.  He  was  a  hiollier  ol'.Iinlge  Sc- 
wall, and  sii-lained  several  inijiortant  olliies.  He  m  urintl  a 
daughter  ol'lhe  llev.  Mr.  Mitchel  ofCanibrid(i;e,  w.io  had  17 
chihiren.  He  died  at)out  the  21  October,  I7i25,  greatly  re- 
sjiected  and  lamented.     Eliot,  N.  E.  Uiog.  420. 

t  I  learn  nothing  of  this  person.  The  name  is  common  in 
Newhampshire. 

X  A  fall  of  water  in  the  Androscoggin.  What  the  true  or- 
thography of  this  word  is,  is  unknown  to  mc.  Sullivan  ends 
it  with  a  double  ^  and  again  alters  to  Pegypscott.  Mather 
has  it  Pechypseot.  Some  authors  write  u  instead  of  o  in  the 
termination.  Thus  the  ditferent  ways  are  brought  under 
the  view  of  the  reader,  that  he  may  employ  which  he  chooses. 
The  stone  fort  was  near  the  falls  on  the  i.orth  side  of  the  ri- 


•I  '! 


I 


i  '1; 


pSM 


I    1 


i 

I 

it 

1 


180 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


wanted  his  advice  and  tliouglits  about  the  matter ; 
whether  they  would  tarry  and  keep  in  the  fort  or 
not '/  and  whether  it  were  not  expedient  to  send 
some  forces  to  do  some  spoil  upon  them '?  and  fur- 
ther to  know  whether  he  could  not  be  prevailed 
with  to  raise  some  volunteers,  and  go,  to  do  some 
s'poil  upon  them  '?  He  answered  them,  [that]  he  was 
unwilling  to  be  concerned  any  more  ;  it  being  very 
difficult  and  chargeable  to  raise  volunteers,  as  he 
found  l)y  experience  in  the  last  expedition. 

But  tliey  using  many  arguments  preva.led  so  far 
with  him,  that  if  the  government  of  Plymouth  saw 
cause  to  send  him,  he  would  go;  thinking  the  expe- 
dition would  be  siiort.  [lie  tlien]  took  his  leave  of 
theni  and  went  home. 

Ill  a  short  time  after,  there  came  an  express  from 
Governour  Ilinkley,  to  request  Major  Church  to 
come  to  Barnstable  to  him,  he  having  received 
a  letter  from  the  government  of  Boston  to  raise 
some  forces  to  go  cast.  Whereuj)on  the  said  Major 
•  Church  went  the  next  day  to  Barnstable,  as  ordered. 
Finding  the  Governour  and  some  of  the  council  of 
war  there,  [wIk)]  discoursed  [with]  him ;  [conclud- 
edj'  that  he  should  take  his  Indian  soldiers,  and  two 
English  Captains,  with  what  volunteers  couKl  bo 
raised ;  and  that  one  Captain  should  go  <Mit  of  Ply- 
mouth and  Barnstable  counties,  and  the  other  out  of 
Bristol  c'>unty,  with  what  forces  he  could  raise ; 
concluding  to  have  but  few  (ifhcers,  to  save  charge. 

The  said  Church  wfts  at  great  charge  and  expense 
in  raising  of  forces.  Grtvernour  llinkhty  promised 
that  he  would  take  care  to  provide  ves*(^ls  to  tran- 
sport the  said  arn)y,with  ammunition  and  provisions, 
by  the  time  prefixed  by  himself;  for  the  govern- 
ment of  Boston  haU  obliged  themselves  by  their  let* 
1  [cencVading] 

j,^ ~r- — 1 ■'••■»     ■! ' •— f-     ■■'■        ■  ■■"■  • — — ■ 

vcr,  ai)«l  was  taken  in  tlie  spring  oCt hi syoar,  {lti90)  alter  the 
C\n(;)i>>h  hiul  left  il,  (prohii^ly.)  It  Hat>  4  uiiles  t'tom  the  wtii 
tci's  of  Caidco  bay.     aulhvan,  llB,  9. 


FRKNCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS.  181 

ter,  to  provide  any  thing  that  was  wanting.  So  at 
the  time  prefixed,  Major  Church  marched  down  all 
his  soldiers  out  of  Bristol  county  to  Plymouth,  as  or- 
dered. And  being  come,  found  it  not  as  he  expect- 
ed ;  for  there  were  neither  provisions,  ammunition, 
or  transports.  So  he  immediately  sent  an  express 
to  the  Governour,  who  was  at  Barnstable,  to  give 
him  an  account  that  he  with  the  men  were  come  to 
Plymouth,  and  found  nothing  ready.  In  his  return 
to  the  said  Church,  [he]  gave  him  an  account  of  his 
disappointments,  and  sent  John  Lathrop*  of  Barnsta- 
ble in  a  vessel,  with  some  ammunition  and  provi- 
sion on  board,  to  him  at  Plymouth;  also  sent  him 
word  that  there  vvere  more  on  board  of  Samuel  Al- 
lingf  of  Barnstable,  who  was  to  go  for  a  transport, 
and  that  he  himself  would  be  at  Plymouth  next  day. 
But  Ailing  never  came  near  him,  but  went  to  Bil- 
lingsgate,J  at  Cape  Cod,  as  he  was  informed. 

The  Governour  being  come,  said  to  Major  Church, 
that  he  must  take  some  of  the  open  sloops,  and  make 
spar  decks  to  them,  and  lay  platforms  for  the  soldiers 
to  lie  upon,  w  hich  delays  vvere  very  expensive  to  the 
said  Church  ;  his  soldiers  being  all  volunteers,  daily 
expected  to  be  treated  by  him,  and  the  Indians  al- 
ways begging  for  money  to  get  drink.  But  lie  asing 
his  utmost  diligence,  made  what  despatch  he  could 
to  be  gone.     Being  ready  to  embark,  receive^'   his 

•  Probably,  the  ancestor  of  some  eminent  men  of  later 
times  in  Massachusetts.  He  perhaps  was  the  son  of  John 
Lathron,  who  fled  from  England  in  the  days  of  nersecution, 
and  afterward  settled  in  Barnstable.  The  first  John  died  in 
1653. 

t  It  is  thought  that  this  name  should  have  been  written 
Allen.  No  pains  have  been  taken  to  ascertain  any  thing 
concerning  this  person,  but  if  what  Dr.  Mather  says  be  cor- 
rect, he  is  a  descendant  of  one  Thomas  Allen,  who  came  to 
this  country  in  1638,  and  was  afterward  a  minister  lO 
Charlestown.     Eliot,  20. 

I  In  the  town  of  Eastham. 


It: 


FItKNCII  AND  INPIAN  WARS. 


coiiirii,     Oil.  iiiid  iii-<tru(t  ()  IS  t'ruii  Govcrnniir  flink- 
Icv.  \\  li.i'li  arc;  a>  follows. 

[Till'  coiiiiiiission  l)oina;lli''  '^anip  ii<  (liat  for  tl\e  lir:;(  rxpcdi- 
(loii   i-'   lioiT   oiiiittcil.      It  \v.i>  ilatfti  'i  So|iloiiilicr,   itiOO. 

.  Til.'  m«lriicli(m>,  wUn,  i\\\'vvi\)'^  oiilv  in  a  few  iiuiiiijior- 
tanl  iiiallrrs,  an'  uniilloii  to  '^ac  |>lai-('  to  iiioif'  iiilorost- 
iii^  iiili.iiiialion.  il  luav  lie  i)ro|)('rlo  iiotic*'  tlip  cli.cr  diC- 
I'c I  r Ill-OS.  No  men  of  war  vc.-M'ls  all<':\(ic(i,  nor  \va- ('liiirch 
(liicflfcl  loc'oiir«'i' wall  any  pfr-on- excppt  his  oliiccrs.  'J'lie 
eiii  lit  pounds  (icr  lical  ovi-r  nntl  ahoiic  is  not  mcitiiinPii,  ami 
are  si^,ii('(l  only  liy  (jovpiiiour  Hiiiklcy.  Date,  the  >aincas 
that  of  the  couinussion.] 

Now  liavin;r  a  fair  win. I,  Major  Cluircli  soon  <fot 
to  I'lscataiiiia."'  [Il«-']'  "as  to  a|>|)ly  liiiiiscif  to  Ma- 
jor l'ikc,f  a  wortliy  ;j;('iitlfm:iii,  wlio  said,  [tliatj  lie 
had  advice  of  Ins  coininy  froiii  IJosloii  ;:>ciilltinon; 
also,  [that]  he  had  received  directions,  tliat  what 
men  the  said  Church  should  want,  must  be  raised  out 
of  llanipsiiire,  out  of  the  several  towns  and  "[arrisons. 
Major  i*ilve  asked  him,  how  many  men  he  should 
want?  He  said,  enough  to  make  up  his  forces  that 
he  brought  with  him,  three  himdred,  at  least,  and 
not  more  than  three  himdred  and  lilty.  And  so  in 
about  nine  days  time,  he  was  sujiplied  with  two  coiij- 
panies  of  soldiers,  ile  having  been  at  about  twenty 
shillings  a  day  charge  in  expenses  while  there.    Now 

I  [wiio] 

*  Ti'e  country  at  the  mouth  of  Pascata(|ua  river  went  un- 
der llie  !i;eneral  name  of  Pascataiiiia,  litit  since,  the  river  only, 
is  known  by  that  name.  'I'he  word  was  formerly,  ami  some- 
times latterly,  spelt  as  in  tiie  text,  hut  an  a  should  lake  tiie 
place  ol'  i. 

t  IMajor  Robert  Pike  was  a  person  of  distinction.  He  was 
among  the  first  28  counsellors  appointed  by  charter,  for  the 
province  of  Massachusetts  bay,  who  were  to  hold  their  otlices 
until  May  IGita,  or  until  others  should  be  chosen  in  their 
stead.  He  mij^lit  be  the  ancestor  of  the  di«.tinguished  Nicho- 
las Pike  of  Soiiierswoitli,  to  whom  we  are  much  indebted  for 
the  best  system  of  Anthiiietick  that  has  aiijteared.  An  ac- 
count might  perhaps  be  found  of  the  family  in  Newhamp- 
shire;  for  which  1  have  not  had  an  opportunity. 


FRENCH  AND  INDI.\N  WARS. 


183 


he  received  Major  Pike's  instructions,  which  are  as 
foUoweth. 

"  Portsmouth,  in  JVcwhampshire,  Sept.  9,  1690. 
To  Major  Benjamin  Church,  Commander  in  Chief 

of  their  JMajesties'  forces,  now  designed  upon  the 

present  expedition  eastward,  and  now  resident  at 

Portsmouth. 

The  Governour  and  council  of  the  Massachusetts 
colony  reposing  great  trust  and  confidence  in  your 
loyalty  and  valour,  from  experience  of  your  former 
actions,,  and  qf  God's  presence  with  you  in  the  same; 
in  pursuance  of  an  order,  received  from  them  com- 
manding it;  these  are  in  their  Majesties' nanies  to 
empower  and  require  you,  as  commander  in  chief,  to 
take  into  your  care  and  conduct  these  forces  now 
here  present  at  their  rendezvous  at  Portsmouth;  and 
they  are  alike  requircnl  to  obey  you ;  and  with  them 
to  ^ail  eastward  by  the  first  opportunity  to  Casco,  or 
places  adjacent,  that  may  be  most  commodious  for 
landing  with  safety  and  secrecy;  and  to  visit  the 
French  and  Indians  at  their  headquarters  at  Ameras- 
cogen,  Pejepscot,  or  any  other  place,  according  as 
you  may  have  hopp  or  ijitelligence  of  the  residence 
of  the  enemy ;  using  always  your  utmost  endeavour 
for  the  preservation  of  your  own  men,  and  the  kill- 
ing, destroying,  and  utterly  rooting  out  of  the  enemy, 
wheresoever  tiiey  may  be  found ;  and  also,  as  much 
as  may  possibly  be  done,  for  the  redeeming  or  re- 
covering of  our  captives  in  any  places. 

You  being  there  arrived,  and  understanding  your 
way,  to  take  your  journey  back  again,  either  by  land 
or  vvater,  as  you  shall  judge  most  convenient  for  the 
accomphshing  of  the  end  intended  ;  and  to  give  in-- 
telligence  always  of  your  motions,  whensoever  you 
can  with  safety  and  convenience. 

Lastly.     In  all  to  consult  your  council,  the  com- 
manders or  commission  officers  of  your  several  com- 


■  1 


I 


IB4 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAllSi 


paniios,  lihch  if.  may  be  obtainotb,  t|iq  grcp.ter  part  of 
whom  to  determine.  And  so  tlie  Lord  of  hosts,  tlio 
God  of  armies,  go  along  with  you,  and  bo  your  con- 
dtititi    GiV^rr  un(i«t  ipy  Imiid/  tW  dvcy  nnd  ^yoar  above 

.;i  muv.  \  >..;.., \.  .u.v  ,,,,,;^er-.,ja,<;)^|:^^t  pike." 

Bemg  ready,  they  took  the  first  opptjtrtunity,  and 
niadc  the  be^t  of  their,  way  toPejcpscot  fort,  where 
fhey  iound  nothing.',  J*rc)iti'th<^rice  Whey  marched  to 
AmCr^scogenl'*  andwheri'iliey  p'ahic'near  the  fort, 
Mam'r 'Clyireh  rnadi)  a'hhft,'  H|-d'(itiiij[^"the  Captains  to 
draw  out  of  tli'cj'r  '  ievei-aV  coiiinanuM  sixty   of  their 

•-ll'l  1''    il.      ,'    i     I'll  ,1  i    ,1      I  /  ,    I    I    il     I  L     I  A   ,    ||V      ■  ,  II 

nieanest  men,  to  qq  aguam  to  tiie  iJoctor,  and  kiiap- 
S£i,clcs,  being  not  a  nnle  ifr8hi  fitlid'  fort.  And  tlien 
moving  towards  the  fort,  thdysa^v' young  Don(>yt  and 
his  vviU),  witli  tvvo  Engii'sh  c^ljJtiVc^.  '  Tlie  said  IJoimy 
macle  his  escape  to  trie  for't,'  liJs'wife  was  shot  down, 
and  so  the  two  poor  captives  wCre  released  out  oi 
their  bondage.  '  '  / 

^'p^^  said  P^^^^^  Aha'Cki^^iiin  Walton  J  made 

'^This'riwpr  basitsrise  in  Ne>vll)airi(i».>ihirp  ami  nowinn;rast. 
>v?ird,fi(»lpr8  Maine,  in  .al^oi^t  44  U. 'i(^j}iin.  N.  Matiier,  says 
ihi^  jjUcc  whp^re,  {Uc}f  had  now  aiiivpd  at,  was  40  miles  up 
the  river.  Mag.'S2SJ.  'Perhaps  TAV  words  have  been  writ- 
teti  rtidff*  <1iff«^V«Jnt'  WiifSj.  thAri  this.  The  authors  of  the 
Nt'WhaiiV|)ihire  Gazetteer  ^ireferi  that  as  in  the  text,  ex- 
C^Vit)  (-hat  they  ^^wuhle  tlie  ^  and  ehan^;e  the  last  e  into  i. 
^ut  ))^0{)le  in  eeneral,  t^at  Uv,e  oi)  said  river,  adopt  tiie  hotter 
method  of' AndroHcogj'iri, 

f  He  wis  an  Indian,  and  ail  we  know  of  him  isfoundin  this 
history  ;  ex(;ept  hf" /hf  <h^'bne  r<eizcii  at  Wells,  mentioned  hy 
Mathet,  11^  543,  anUi'wliloKB  naime  is  signed  Roi)in  Doney  to 
Iheaaticlej^ofiwa^p  ftt  A^e^iWUiluid  in  1G9.J.     Ih.  543. 

f  Col.  Shadraxvh  WaJtoBipf  Spmersworlh  N.  II.  A  brave 
arid  y^Ui^Me  oHieer,   ;  In  |l|e  long  wars  that  followed,  he 

f'pndered  imnorlaiit  services'.  To  retoui\t  his  actions  would 
)e  to  Wifite'a  nalralive, 'rthlA 'beyond  the  liniitsof  a  note. 
More  particulars  of  him'tniiyibe  found  in  Fenhallow's  history, 
inl  NewhaitvpHhii'e  HfitA,  ,Sflv>  Collections,  than  in  any  oth- 
ei;  wor^  «.\laut,  HfrWas  )V^th  Col.  March,  in  l7t)7,  in  an 
unsuccessful  attempt  on  rortroyal.     Here  he  fought  a  body 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


185 


no  stop,  making  the  best  of  their  way  to  the  fort, 
with  some  of  the  army,  in  hopes  of  getting  to  the 
fort  before  young  Doney ;  but  the  river  through 
which  they  must  pass,  being  as  deep  as  their  arm- 
pits. However  Major  Church  as  soon  as  he  was  got 
over,  stripped  to  his  shirt  and  jacket,  leaving  his 
breeches  behind,  ran  directly  to  the  fort,  having  an 
eye  to  see  if  young  Doney  (who  ran  on  the  other 
side  of  the  river,)  should  get  there  before  him.  The 
wind  now  blowing  very  hard  in  their  faces,  as  they 
ran,  was  some  help  to  them ;  for  several  of  our  men 
fired  guns,  which  they  in  the  fort  did  not  hear,  so 
that  we  had  taken  all  in  the  fort,  had  it  not  been  for 
young  Doney,  who  got  to  the  fort  just  before  we  did. 
[He]'  ran  into  the  south  gate,  and  out  at  the  north, 
all  tl»e  men  following  him,  except  one.  [TheyJ^  all 
ran  directly  down  to  the  great  river  and  falls. 

The  said  Church  and  his  forces  being  come  pretty 
near,  he  ordered  tiie  said  Walton  to  run  directly  with 
some  forces  into  the  fort,  and  himself  with  the  rest, 
ran  down  to  the  river,  after  tiic  enemy,  who  ran  some 
of  them  into  the  river,  and  the  rest  under  the  great 
falls.  Those  who  ran  into  the  river  were  killed  ;  for 
he  saw  but  one  man  get  over,  and  he  only  crept  up 
the  bunk,  sjid  tiiere  lay  in  open  sight.  And  those 
that  ran  under  the  falls,  they  made  no  discovery  of, 
notwithstanding  several  of  his  men  went  in  under  the 
said  falls,  and  were  gone  some  considerable  time, 
[but]  could  not  find  them.  So  leaving  a  watch  there, 
returned  up  to  the  fort,  where  he  found  but  one  man 
1  [who]  2  [who] 

of  the  enemy  and  |>ut  them  to  llia;lit,  heing  the  only  field  offi- 
cer then  on  shore.  Again  in  1710,  he  rendered  im|)0rtant 
service  at  the  same  |»lace,  when  it  was  taken  hy  the  arma- 
ment under  Col.  Nicholson.  In  a  note  to  page  119,  in  Pen- 
liallow's  history  it  is  rcn'arked  that  "  He  was  dismissed  from 
service"  (in  I7i5)  "and  was  succeeded  by  Col.  Thomas 
Weslbrook."  But  on  vvliat  account  hr^  was  dismissed,  wheth- 
er from  age  or  misconduct  is  uidcnown  tome.  He  is  men- 
tioned no  more  iu  Pe.ihdllow's  history^. 


'iSi 


i 


186 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


f    I'i 


taken,  and  several  women  and  children ;  amongst 
whom  were  Capt-iin  Ilakins'*  wife  and  Worumbos'f 
wife,  th(! sachem  of  that  fort,  with  tlieir  children.  The 
said  Ilakins  was  sachem  of  Pennacook,f    who  do- 

*  Hawkins  or  Hogjkins.  This  sarhmn  had  hocn  tioatotl 
witli  npgloct  by  Governour  Ciantinld,  whicli  in  part  may  ac- 
count for  his  cnniity  to  tlie  EngHsh.  Hp  mado  a  treaty  with 
them  in  1685,  which  perhaps,  washrokenmorr  throuj^h  the  ne- 
gUgence  of  the  F^.nghsh  tlian  the  wish  ot'Hogkins.  He  appears 
to  have  learned  so  much  of  the  Eiiglisli  langiiaj^e  as  to  pre- 
tend to  write  and  read.  Four  letters  from  under  his  hand 
are  preserved  in  Belknap,  I,  Appendix,  No.  XLII,  Ste.  One 
of  which,  as  a  cariosity,  is  here  printed. 

'^Mmj  15,  1685. 

Honour  IMr.  flovernor. 

Now  this  dav  I  com  your  house,  I  want  se  you,  an  1  I 
bring  my  hand  at  before  you  1  want  shake  iiand  to  you  if  your 
worship  when  |>Iea>e  then  vou  rec.eve  my  hand  then  shake 
your  hand  and  m\  hand.  You  my  friend  because  1  remem- 
ber at  old  time  when  live  my  grant  father  and  grant  mother 
then  Englishmen  com  this  country,  (hen  my  grant  father  and 
Englishmen  (hey  make  a  gootl  govenaiit,  they  friend  alhvays, 
my  grant  father  leving  at  place  called  Malamake  rever,  oth- 
er name  cjief  Natukkog  and  Punukkog,  (hat  one  rever  gieat 
manv  names,  and  I  bring  you  (his  few  skins  at  (his  lir.st  time 
I  will  give  you  my  friend.     This  all  India!)  hand. 

JOHN    -<   HAWKINS,  Sagamore." 

This  letter  is  the  best  written  of  the  four,  and  are  all  very 
similar.  I  copy  it  |)recisely  as  I  lind  it  in  IJelkiiap.  Two  of 
the  others  are  signed  John  /foicAv'/js,  and  one,  Mr.  John 
Hogkim,  (he  la^t  has  no  date,  and  one  is  dated  16  May,  and 
the  other  two  the  15,  both  having  11  signers  beside  ILr^ldns, 
who,  it  is  probable,  were  his  principal  men.  'I'he  name  of 
Hogkins  or  i-atner  Hawkins  he  received  from  some  Eiigli-h- 
nian.  H.s  Indian  name  was  Hancamagus.  See  N.  11.  Hist. 
Soc.  Col.  I,  'i-21. 

t  A  sachem  of  the  Androscoggins.  He  was  with  Madoka- 
wandointhe  celebrated  attack  on  Storer's  garrison  at  Wells, 
an  account  of  which  may  be  seen  in  a  succeeding  note. 

I  The  country  on  the  Merrimake  river,  including  the  pre- 
sent town  of  Concord,  and  the  lands  above  and  below,  but 
how  far,  cannot  be  told  ;  as  those  people  never  set  any  par- 
ticular bounds  to  their  country,  that  we  know  ot'.  See  I'\ir- 
nier's  account  of  the  Pennacook  Indians,  in  N.  H.  Hist.  Soc. 
Coi  I,  218.     The  word  should  be  .spelt  as  in  the  text,  but 


H, 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS- 


187 


stroycd  Major  Waldcn  and  his  family,  some  timo 
before,  &,c. 

The  said  two  women,  viz.  Ilakins'  and  VVornmbos' 
wives  requested  the  said  Church,  that  he  would  spare 
them  and  their  chihlren's  lives;  promisin<?  upon  thai 
condition,  [that]  he  should  have  all  the  captives  that 
were  taken,  and  in  the  Indians'  hands.  He  asked 
them  how  many  '?  They  said,  about  four  score.  So, 
upon  that  condition,  he  promised  them  their  lives, 
die.  In  the  said  fort  there  were  several  English  cap- 
tives, who  were  in  a  miserable  condition.  Amongst 
them  was  Captain  Hucking's*  wife,  of  Oyster  river.f 

Major  Church  proceeded  to  examine  the  man, 
talon,  who  gave  him  an  account,  that  most  of  the 
fightn:g  men  were  gone  to  Winterharbour,J  to  pro- 
vide provi-i'^ns   for  the  bay  of  Fundy^  Indians,  who 

the  author  ju«t  cited,  '.paves  out  one  n.  Sullivan  writes  Pen- 
nyt'ook.  Belluiap,  whom  many,  justly  in  n\ost  respects,  fol- 
low, writes  it  as  in  the  text,  with  theomission  of  one  n,  as 
does  Mather,  wlioni  he  follows. 

*  Huckins's  p;arrison  was  taken,  about  the  last  of  August, 
1639,  in  which  were  a  few  women  and  hoys.  The  Fnilians 
had  been  in  ambush  for  a  number  of  days,  until  they  had  as- 
certained how  many  men  belon<i;ed  to  the  garrison,  then  as 
(hey  all  went  out  into  the  field  one  day,  the  Indians  cut  otl" 
their  retreat,  and  killed  (hem  all  excepting  one,  who  escaj)- 
od,  being  18  in  all.  They  (hen  went  to  the  garrison  and  de- 
uianded  a  surrender,  but'the  boys  at  first  refused,  and  some 
fighting  was  done  ;  at  length  (liey  surren<lered  on  (erms  of 
life,  &.C.  The  assailants  found  means  to  lire  the  garrison, 
which  hastened  the  surrender.  Mather,  Mag.  11,  513.  Tliis 
woman  is  supposed  to  be  the  wife  of  the  owner  of  the  gar- 
rison. 

t  Now  Durham.  The  country  riiercabout,  was  formerly 
known  by  this  name. 

J  At  the  mouth  of  Saco  river  in  INIaine. 

§  A  large  bay,  sometimes  called  Frenchman's  bav,  contain 
ing  the  island  Mountdesert,  8  or  10  miles  to  theea-tward  of 
the  mouth  of  Penoiiscot  river.  Sullivan,  .')7,  informs  us,  that 
it  (ook  the  name  of  Fiencliinan's  bay,  from  this  circum-tance. 
That  with  Demotte  came  over  to  America  one  Nicholas 
D'Aubri,  a  French  ecclesiastic  of  respec(al)ili(y,  who  went 
on  shore  on  the  west  side  of  the  hay,  aiul  wandering  into  the 


i-Li^il 


i  ' 


188 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


were  to  come  and  join  with  tliein  to  fijjht  the  English. 
The  soldiers  being  very  rude,  would  hardly  spare  the 
Indian's  life,  while  in  examination;  intending  when 
he  had  done,  that  he  should  be  executed.  But  Cap- 
tain Hucking's  wife,  and  another  woman,  down  on 
their  knees,  and  begged  for  liim,  saying,  that  he  had 
been  a  means  to  save  their  lives,  and  a  great  many 
more  ;  and  had  helped  several  to  opportunities  to 
run  away,  and  make  their  escape ;  and  that  never, 
since  he  came  amongst  them,  had  fought  against  the 
English,  but  being  related  to  Ilakins'  ^ife,  kept  at 
the  fort  with  them,  having  been  there  two  years  ;  but 
his  living  was  to  the  westward  of  Boston.  So,  upon 
their  reciuest,  his  life  was  spared,  &.c. 

Next  day  the  said  Church  ortlered  that  all  their 
corn  should  be  destroyed,  being  a  great  (juantity  ; 
saving  a  little  for  the  two  old  squaws,  which  he  de- 
signed to  leave  at  the  fort,  to  give  an  accouirt  who 
he  was,  and  from  whence  he  came.  The  rest  being 
knocked  on  the  head,  except  tiie  aforementioned, 
for  an  example ;  ordering  them  all  to  be  buried. 
Having  incjuired  where  all  their  best  beaver  was '? 
tiiey  said  [that]  it  was  carried  away  to  make  a  pre- 
sent to  the  bay  of  Fundy  Indians,  who  were  coming 
to  their  assistance. 

Now  being  ready  to  draw  off  from  thence,  he 
called  the  two  old  scjuaws  to  him,  and  gave  each  of 
them  a  kettle,  and  some  biscuit,  bidding  them  to  tell 
tho  Indians,  when  they  came  home,  that  he  was 
known  by  the  name  of  Captain  Church,  anil  lived  in 
the  westerly  part  of  PlyuKJUth  govermuent ;  and  that 
those  Indians  that  came  with  him  were  formerly 
King  Philip's  men,  and  that  he  had  met  with  them 
in   Philip's   war,  and  drawn   them  off  from   him,  to 

woods  in  search  of  t'uriositi"s,  was  left  by  (ho  bowt  to  his  fate. 
After  thiP"  weeks  lie  was  found  hy  a  boat  from  the  same  ves- 
Kel,  aUi»OKt  emaiiated.  From  wliifh  circam'«tant e  it  receiv- 
ed the  above  aiipellation.  Bat  the  waters  between  Nova- 
Fcotia  and  the  main  are  generally  understood  to  make  the 
bay  of  Fundy. 


KUKNCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


189 


figlit  for  the  English,  u,^ainsl  the  said  Phihp,  and  hid 
associates,  who  then  promised  him  to  rt<,'ht  for  tho 
English,  as  Umg  as  they  had  one  enemy  left.  And 
said,  that  '  they  did  not  (|uestion,  hnt  before  Indian 
corn  was  ripe  to  have  Piiilip's  head  ;'*  notwithstand- 
ing [Pliilipj'  had  twiee  as  njany  men  as  were  in  their 
conntry  ;  and  that  theyf  liad  killed  and  taken  ono 
thousand  three  hundred  and  odd  of  Philip's  men, 
women  and  children,  and  Philip  himself,  with  several 
other  sachems,  etc.  ;  and  that  they  should  tell  Ilii- 
kins  and  Worumhos,  that  if  they  had  a  mind  to  seo 
their  wives  and  children,  they  should  come  to 
WellsJ  garrison,  and  that  there  they  might  hear  of 
them,  etc. 

Major  Church  having  done,  moved  with  all  his 
forces  down  to  Metjuait,^  where  the  transports  were, 
(but  in  the  way  sonie  of  his  soldiers  threatened  the 
Indian  man  prisoner  very  much,  so  that  in  a  thick 
swamp,  he  gave  them  the  slip  and  got  away)  and 
IJhe] 

•  See  Philip's  war,  page  82. 
•  t  Thp  Knglish. 

j  Weltliaiiiirt  was  the  Indian  name  of  Wells.  This  town 
is  on  the  sea  l)oard  about  half  way  between  York  and  Saco, 
bfinu;  13  miles  from  the  former.  Storer's  garrison  was  in 
this  town,  whii'li  was  near  where  the  old  meeting  housf! 
stood,  and  nearly  half  a  mile  south  of  the  present  place  of 

riubliciv  wors-hip,  and  was  standing  since  theyear  1760.     Sul- 
ivan,   286.      'I'he   town    sutl'eied   greatly   by    the    savages. 
About  500  French  and  Indians  made  a  desperate  attempt  on 


the  garriM)!),  in  May,  1601,  and  tliough  it  had  but  15  men,  ')y 
the  valour  of  the  commander,  Captain  Converse,  and  tins 
few,  they  were  repulsed.  A  slooi)  happened  to  arrive 
just  before  the  engagement,  which  was  a  help  to  them, 
although  th'-y  fought  on  board  their  ves.-els.  A  Hag  was  sent 
to  Ciipl.  C')ii\er>e,  to  persuade  him  to  surrender  ;  at  his  re- 
fti-ing,  the  otiicer  said,  ^  We  will  cut  you  up  as  fine  as  tobac- 
co before  lo-uiorrow  morning."  H"  bid  them  "come  on  for 
he  wanlPtI  work."     Magnaha,  II,  531. 

§  A  small  bay  or  cove  in  Ca-co  bay.     It  is  generally  writ* 
ten  iMa-jUOit.     Mather,  and  after  liim  Belknap  wrote  Mac- 

(]UOlt. 


I 


li  * 


n 


100 


KI;KN(  11   AND  INDIAN   WWiS. 


wlii'ii  tlity  all  ^^itt  nil  Imanl  ilit>  triiii^poits,  tlii>  wind 
htiii;.'  liiir,  iiiatk"  (lie  hot  nl'  tluir  way  lor  Wiiitcr- 
liailioiir;  anil  (lie  next  iiioiiiiii^jr  bcforiMlay,  and  as 
SK'iii    as   llic   (lay    a|i|»<'an(l,  llicy    (liscdVcK'd    soiiu! 


siimkcs,    risiiiii    towards 


kaman's*    "airisoii. 


Ill 


iiiiiin'<liat('ly  sent  away  a  s<;<>ut  of  sixty  imii,  and 
lollow'.'d  |»ir.<('iitly  Willi  llie  wlioU'  body.  Tlu' scout 
colli. iiy  mar  a  river  diM'o\cr<'d  the  ciiciny  to  be  (»n 
tlic  other  side  of  the  river.  Hut  tlirec  cd'  tlic;  enemy 
wvrti  cotiio  over  the  river,  to  tlio  same  side,  f — J' 
wliich  the  scout  w.is  of,  [but  discoverinj;  the  scout, J 
ran  hastily  down  to  their  canoe.  One  of  which  lay 
at  each  end,  [ — Y  "'"'  the  third  stood  u|)  to  paddh) 
over.  'J'he  scout  fired  at  them,  and  he  tliat  piiddlt'd, 
fell  dou'ii  upon  the  canoe,  and  broke  it  to  pieces,  ho 
that  all  three  perished. 

The   lirin<j   put   the   enemy  to  the  run,  who  left 
1    provisions    to    ours.     And    old 


tl 


leir    canoes    uiu 


I)oiiey,f  and  on(!  Thomas  JJaker,  an  Knulishman, 
who  was  a  prisoner  amoii<^st  tluMU,  were  up  at  the 
falls, J  and  heard  the  <;uiis  lire,  expected  tlu;  other 
Indians  were  come  to  their  assistance,  so  came  down 


the  river  in  a  canoe.     But  when  tin 


y  perct  ivec 


that 


there  were  English  as  well  as  Indians,  old  Doney 
ran  the  caii«»e  ashore,  and  ran  over  IJaker's  head, 
and  f(dlovved  the  rest;  and  then  Baker  came  to  ours, 
and  ffave  an  account  of  (he  beaver,  liid  at  Pejepscol 
plain. ^  And  coining  to  the  place'  where  the  plunder 
was",  the  Major  sent  a  scout  to  Pejepscot  fort,  to 
sec!  if  they  could  make  any  discovery  of  the  enemy's 
Ivs,  or  could   discover  any  coming  u|)   the  river. 


tracl 


1  [of  the  river] 


[oft! 


IP  canor 


] 


•  This  was  on  the  oast  sido  of  Saco  river,  aliont  two  miles 


below  the  (alls.     Sullivan,  180.     The  name  shoulil  he 


SCMII 


iiiKin. 


lb. 


s\v 


!lt 


t  Father  of  young  Doney.        J  The  falls  in  the  Saco. 
§  In  Brunswick. 


FREiNCii  AM)  INDIAN  WAIIH. 


101 


[Tin;}]'  returned,  iiiid  said  [tliat]  tliey  siiw  nothing 
l)Ut  «»iir.(tld  (riirks  at  tin;  said  ll)rt,  tlCic. 

j\o\v  liavirifj;  <^ot  some  pinnder,  mm  of  tlio  Cap- 
tains* said  [tliatj  it  was  lime  to  go  liome,  and  seve- 
ral others  were  of  the  same  mind.  The  Major  be- 
ing much  (listurl)ed  at  this  motion  of  theirs,  expect- 
ing the  enemy  would  come  in  a  very  short  time, 
where  they   might  have  a  great  advantage  of  them, 

Notwithstanding  all  ho  could  say,  or  do,  he  was 
ol)lig(.'<l  to  call  u  council,  according  to  his  instruc- 
tions, wherein  he  was  outvoted.  The  said  connnari- 
der  seeing  [that]  he  was  put  by  of  his  intentions, 
prollered,  [that]  if  sixty  men  would  stay  with  him, 
lie  would  not  embark  as  y(!t ;  but  all  ne  could  say  or 
do,  could  not  prevail.  TJion  they  moved  to  the  ves- 
sels, and  end)ark(!d,  and  as  they  were  going  in  the 
vessels,  on  the  l)ack  side  of  Mayr  point, f  they  discov- 
ered eight  or  nine  canoes,  who  turned  short  about, 
and  went  up  tlit;  river  ;  being  the  same  Indians  tiiat 
the  Major  expected,  and  would  have  Wiiited  I'or. 
The  aforesaid  Captain  being  nuich  distmbed  at  what 
the  Major  had  said  to  him,  drew  olV  IVom  the  (leet, 
und  in  the  night  ran  aground. 

In  the  morning  Anthony  Bracket,  having  been 
advised  and  directed  by  the  Indian  that  had  maclo 
his  escape  from  our  forces,  came  down  near  where 
the  aforesaid  vessel  lay  aground,  and  got  aboard, 
[lie]-  has  proved  a  good  pilot  and  Captain  for  his 
country.     The  next  day  being  very  calm  and  misty, 

1  [who]  2  [who] 

•  From  what  follows  wo  may  supjiosc  this  to  bp  one  of  the 
Captains  from  Plynioiith  irovprruiicnt.  But  as  tl.orc  wore 
two,  we  cannot  he  |iosili\  e  which  was  meant,  and  hut  one  is 
nameil  ;  yet,  another  circinustanco  mi}jiit  in(Uice  us  to  sup- 
pose a  Newhamp-hire  Captain  is  meant,  were  it  not  said  that 
liin  Plymouth  forces  sailed  first. 

t  What,  in  Sullivan's  hi-lory,  it  is  thought,  is  called  Mer- 
ryconea-^.  It  is  a  point  in  the  cast  part  of  Ca.sco  bay.  Ma- 
ther calls  it  Mares  point,  II,  557. 


!l 


11), 


FlJKNCIl  AND  INDIAN  WAKS. 


so  tlint  (Ik;)'  were  all  diiy  <;oUin;5<l<)Wii  from  Mniiii!ii1 
to  I't'r|)o(lack,*  and  the  rnustiTs  of  tlio  vossids  tliuik- 
iiiir  it  not  Nuft*  |)iittiM<r  out  in  tlu;  ni<^lit,  so  late  in 
tlio  year,  anchored  tlicrc.  [ — J'  Tlu;  vt^sscls  being 
uitich  crowded,  the  Major  ordered  that  three  coinpa- 
ni(!S  should  go  on  shore,  and  no  more.  Himself 
with  Ca|)tain  Conversijf  went  with  them  to  <»rder 
their  lodging.  And  finding  just  houses  convenient 
for  them,  viz.,  two  barns  and  one  house;  [aiulj* 
seeing  tiiern  all  settled,  and  their  watclu's  out,  the 
Major  and  Captain  Converse  return(!(l  to  go  on 
board.  And  coming  lunir  where  the  boat  was,  i' 
was  pretty  dark,  they  discovered  som(!  men,  but  ilid 
not  know  what  or  who  they  were.  The  Major  <>r- 
der(!(l  those  that  were  with  him,  all  to  clap  down 
and  cock  their  guns,  and  Ik;  called  out,  and  asked 
them  who  they  were'?  And  they  said,  '-Indians." 
He  asked  tliem  whose  men  they  were  7  'i'liey  said, 
"  Captain  Southworth's."  He  asked  tiiem  where 
they  intended  to  lodge  ?  They  said,  "In  those;  lit- 
tle huts  that  the  enemy  had  made  when  they  took 
that  garrison."! 

'i'h(!  Major  t  iM  them  [that]  they  must  not  make 
any  fires,  for  i(  ihey  did,  the  enciiny  would  be  upon 
them  before  day.  They  laughed,  and  said,  "C)ur 
Major  is  afraid."  Having  given  them  their  direc- 
tions, he  with  Captain  Converse,  went  on  board  the 
I  [at  Porpodack]  2  [so] 

*  In  (he  town  of  Capo  P^.lizaliolh,  6  or  8  tnilrs  from  Port- 
land.    It  is  also  known  liy  tlio  nunu'  olSprinj!;  point 

"t  Captain  .laTuos  Convorso.  A  (lisliiif^uisiifMl  partizan. 
No  ('()fnnian(l<'r  (|psprv«'il  licttoi  of  tiicir  fountry  tl'.an  ht;. 
H''si(|p  ills  sirijinlar  liiavrry  in  drCpniling:  tlio  parri«<)n  at 
Wells,  MiontioiKMl  in  nolo  3,  on  paa;*'  189.  I  ■  hi  lory  oC  tlii« 
war  abounds  witli  li's  exploits  ;  to  ennnieiaif  w  niiii  u'ould 
fa- exceed  (lie  limit-  if  lliis  nolo.     See  M'  >!i  \'.      '  •    .-'^,  ivu, 

J  I  can  find  no  account  of  the  India  .  ng  i.  garrison 
here  until  alter  tiii-i.  In  (iueen  Ann's  or  V'illet)on's  war  se\p. 
ral  person-*  w  le  killoil  ami  soiac  lamilies  carried  intocaplivi- 
tv.    !Sulli\an,  105. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


193 


Mary  sloop,  .lixigning  to  write  homo,  and  Hond 
uway  in  tlic  inoinin^'  tlin  two  sloojis  wliicli  had  tho 
small  pox  on  I'oiird,  A   •. 

r*ut  boCoro  day  our  Indians  Ix-^ran  to  miike  fifO§, 
and  to  sing  and  danc*;.  So  tin;  Major  cullod  to 
Captain  Southworth  to  <;o  ashore  and  look  uftct  his 
men,  r>r  the  enemy  would  be  upon  them  by  aii,l  by, 
Ue  ordered  the  boat  to  be  hauled  up,  to  carry  him 
ashore,  and  called  Captain  Converse  to  go  with  hiin; 
and  just  as  the  day  began  to  appear,  as  the  Major 
was  getting  into  tlie  boat  to  go  ashore,  the  enemy 
fired  upon  our  men,  (the  Indians)  notwithstanding 
that  one  Philip,  an  Indian  of  ours,  who  was  out  up- 
on the  watch,  heard  a  man  cough,  and  tfie  sticks 
crack,  [andj'  gave  the  rest  an  account,  that  he  saw 
Indians,  which  they  would  not  believe ;  bu  said  to 
him,  "  You  are  afra'd."  His  answer  was,  tnat  they 
mi/rht  see  them  come  creeping.  They  laugh  d  and 
said,  [that]  they  were  hogs.  "  Ah,"  said  he,  "  and 
they  will  bite  you  by  and  by."  So  present!)  they 
did  fire  upon  our  men.  But  the  morning  beiuf.  mis- 
ty, their  guns  did  not  go  off  quick,  so  that  our  men 
had  all  time  to  fall  down  before  their  guns  went  oft', 
and  saved  themselves  from  that  volley,  except  one 
man,  who  was  killed. 

This  sudden  firing  upon  our  Indian  soldiers,  sur- 
prised them  [so,]  that  they  left,  their  arms,  but  S(M)n 
recovered  them  again,  and  got  down  tho  bank, 
which  was  but  low.  The  Major,  with  all  the  forces 
on  board  landed  as  fast  as  they  could,  the  enemy 
firing  smartly  at  them  ;  however  all  got  safe  ashore. 
The  enemy  had  a  great  advantage  of  our  Ibrces. 
who  were  between  the  sun's  rising  and  the  enemy, 
so  that  if  a  man  put  up  his  head  or  hand  they  could 
see  it,  and  would  fire  at  it.  However,  some,  with 
the  Major,  got  up  the  bank,  behind  stumps  and 
rocks,  to  have  the  advantage  of  firing  at  the  enemy 
But   when    the   sun  was  risen,   tho   Major   slipped 

»  [wlio] 
1      13 


V 


104 


KRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAIIS. 


down  tlie  bank  a'j;<iin,  whero  all  the  forcos  were  or- 
dered lo  observe  his  motion,  viz.,  that  he  would 
give  three  shouts,  and  then  all  of  them  should  run 
with  him  up  the  bank. 

So,  when  he  had  (riven  the  third  shout,  [he]  ran 
up  the  bank,  and  Captain  Converse  with  him,  but 
when  the  said  (converse  perceived  that  the  forres  did 
not  follow,  as  conunanded,  called  to  the  Major,  and 
told  him  [that]  the  forces  did  not  follow.  [He,]' 
notwithstanding  the  enemy  fired  smartly  at  him,  got 
safe  down  the  baidv  again  ;  and  rallying  the  forces  up 
the  bank,  soon  put  the  enemy  to  flight.  Agd  fol- 
lowing them  so  close,  that  they  took  thirteen  canoes, 
and  one  lusty  man,  who  had  Joseph  llamsdeTs  scalp 
by  his  side.  [Hc]^  was  taken  by  two  of  our  Indians, 
and  having  his  deserts,  was  himself  scalped. 

This  being  a  short  and  sinart  fight,  some  of  our 
men  were  killed  and  sewral  wound(;(l.  .Sometime 
after, an  Englishman,  who  was  prisoner  amongst  them, 
gave  an  account,  that  our  forces  had  killed  and 
wounded  several  of  the  enemy,  for  they  kdled  seve- 
ral prisoners  according  to  custom,*  etc. 

After  this  action  was  over,  our  forces  embarked 
for  Piscatatjua.  Tin;  Major  went  to  Wells,  and  re- 
moved the  Captain  there,  and  put  in  Ca])tain  Andros, 
who  had  been  with  him  ;  and  knew  the  discourse  left 
with  the  two  old  scjuaws  at  Amerascogen,  for  Ilakins 
and  Worumbos  to  come  there  in  f()urt(  en  davs,  if 
they  had  a  mind  to  hear  of  their  wives  and  children  ; 
who  did  then,  or  soon  after  come  with  a  flag  of  tnico 
to  said  Wells  garrison,  and  had  leave  to  come  in.  and 
more  appearing  came  in,  to  the  number  of  eiixht, 
^without  any  terms)  being  all  (;liief  Saf-hems.  [Thi  y  j^ 
were  V(!ry  glad  to  hear  of  the  womm  and  eliihlnn, 
vi/.,  Hakins  and  Worumbos'  wives  and  childnn. 
[They]''  all  said  three  sivera!  limes  that  they  would 
1  [wlio]         2  [wliu]         :i  [and]         '  [who] 

•  It  was  said  to  ho  a  cjsto'ii  anion<j;  iiost  ol'tlie  Indian  na« 
tions,  to  kill  as  many  jirisoiier.s  as  th'-y  lust  in  battle. 


KliKNCIi   AM,   INDIAN  WAUS. 


195 


nevt-r  fiiflit  a^aiiii-t  tlu;  Kii^fli.sh  iiiiy  more,  for  the 
Frfncli  iii!i<le  I'.toh  of  lliciu,  it,c.  They  sfiyiiig  us  they 
du\.  the  said  Aiidros  let  llitiii  jro. 

Major  (.'liiircli  being  come  to  Piscata(]ua,  and  two 
of  his  transports  havintr  tl)e  small  |)o\  on  board,  and 
several  of  his  men  liaving  g(jt  great  colds  by  tliei/ 
haril  service,  preteiided  [tliatj  they  were  going  to 
have  the  small  pox;  thinking  l)y  tiiat  means  to  be 
sent  home  speedily.  Tiie  Major  being  wdling  to  try 
them,  went  to  the  gentlemcMi  tliere,  and  desired  them 
to  provide  u  house  ;  for  some  of  his  men  expected 
[liiat  I  they  should  havi- the  small  pox;  which  [they] 
readily  did,  and  told  him,  that  the  peojjle  belonjiing 
to  it  were  just  recovered  of  the  small  pox,  and  had 
been  all  at  meeting,  ttc. 

The  Major  r(!turning  to  his  officers,  ordered  them 
to  draw  out  all  their  men  that  were  going  to  have  the 
small  pox,  for  he  had  provided  an  hospital  for  them. 
So  they  drew  out  sevente<!n  men,  that  harl  as  they 
said  all  the  symptoms  of  the  small  pox.  He  ordered 
them  all  to  follow  him,  and  coming  to  the  house,  he 
asked  them  how  they  liked  it  7  They  said,  "Very 
wed.''  Then  ht;  told  them  that  the  peoj)le  in  the 
said  house,  had  all  had  the  small  {)OX,  and  were  re- 
covered ;  and  that  if  they  went  in,  they  must  not 
con^e  out  till  they  [had]  all  had  it.  Whereui)on 
they  all  presently  began  to  grow  better,  and  lo  make 
excuses,  except  one  niiin  who  desired  to  stay  out  till 
night  before  he  went  in,  ttc. 

The  Major  going  to  tlu;  genthimcn,  told  them,  that 
one  thing  more  would  work  a  perfect  cure  upon  his 
n»<Mi,  whicli  was  to  let  them  go  home;  which  did 
work  a  cure  upon  all,  except  ont^  and  Ik;  had  not  the 
small  pox.  So  he  ord(>red  the  plunder  to  be  divided 
f(»rthwith,  and  s(>nt  away  all  tin;  Plymouth  forces, 
But  the  gentlemen  tliere 'desired  him  to  stay,  and 
they  would  be  assisting  to  him  in  raising  new  forces, 
to  the  number  of  what  was  sent  away;  and  tliatthey 
would  send  to  IJoston  for  provisions,  which  they  did 


If 


<i» 


196 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


and  sent  Captain  Plaisted*  to  the  Governour  and 
council  at  Boston,  &c. 

And  in  tlie  mean  time,  the  Major  with  those  gen- 
tlemen went  into  all  those  parts,  and  raised  a  suffi- 
cient number  of  men,  both  ollicers  and  soldiers. 
[They]'  all  m.et  at  the  bankf  on  the  same  day  that 
Captain  Plaisted  returned  from  Boston.  [TheP  re- 
turn from  the  Boston  gentlemen  was,  that  the  Canada 
expedition  had  drained  them  so  that  they  could  do 
no  more.  So  that  Major  Church,  notwithstanding 
he  had  been  at  considerablo  expenses  in  raising  said 
forces  to  serve  his  King  and  country,  was  obliged  to 
give  them  a  treat  and  dismiss  them.  Taking  his 
leave  of  them,  [he]  came  home  to  Boston  in  the 
Mary  sloop,  Mr.  AldenJ  master,  and  Captain  Con- 
verse with  him,  on  a  Saturday.  And  waiting  upon 
the  Governour,  and  seme  of  the  gentlemen  in  Boston, 
they  looked  very  strange  upon  them,  which  not  only 
troubled  them,  but  put  them  in  some  consternation ; 
[wondering]  what  the  matter  should  be,  that  after  so 
much  toil  and  hard  service,  [they]  could  not  have 
1  [who]  2  [whose] 

•  The  name  of  Plaisted  is  found  in  the  earlier  and  later 
wars  as  well  as  in  this.  A  letter  from  Roger  Plaisted  to 
Maj.  Waldron,  who  was  killed  at  Salmon  fal's,  1G75,  =how- 
ing  his  desperate  situation,  is  printed  in  Hul)hard,  281. 
Wlietherthis  was  a  son  or  not  is  not  known  to  me,  but  from 
the  author  just  cited  should  conclude  that  it  was  not.  Fer- 
ha|)s  he  wa*;  a  near  connexion.  In  1712,  a  Mr.  Plaisted  was 
taken  at  Wells,  and  ransomed  for  300  pounds. 

t  By  the  bank  I  su])pose  is  meant,  that  part  of  the  town  of 
Portsmouth,  including  Church  hill,  formerly  called  Straw- 
beriy  bank,  and  was  a  general  appellation  for  the  town. 

I  The  same  mentioned  further  on,  as  old  Mr.  Alden,  and 
Capt.  Al(l<'n.  He  lived  at  Ho.'-ton,  and  was  one  of  the  accus- 
ed in  the  CI  !■  brated  witch  n<j;c,  and  was  committed  to  prison 
by  Hawthorn  and  Gidney,  31  May,  lb92,  wl'.ere  he  remained 
15  week-  ;  at  the  en  I  of  which  lime  he  made  his  escape.  He 
afterwards  return"d,  and  none  atpearing  against  him,  was 
cleared.  See  Calef's  "More  Womlers  oi'  the  Invisible 
World,"  2 10  to  214. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


lC/7 


go  much  as  one  pleasant  word,  nor  any  money  in  their 
pockets  ;  for  Major  Church  had  but  eight  pence  left, 
and  Captain  Converse  none,  as  he  said  afterwards. 

Major  Church  seeing  two  gentlemeu,  which  he 
knew  had  money,  asked  them  to  lend  him  forty  shil' 
lings,  telling  them  his  necessity,  yet  they  refused. 
So  being  bare  of  money,  was  obliged  to  lodge  at 
Mr.  Alden's  tiiree  nights.  The  next  Tuesday  morn- 
ing Captain  Converse  came  to  him,  (not  knowing 
each  otiiers  circumstances  as  yet)  and  said,  [that]  he 
would  walk  with  him  out  of  town.  So  coming  near 
Pollard's  at  the  south  end,  they  had  some  discourse. 
[Observed,]  that  it  Vas  very  hard  that  they  should 
part  with  dry  lips.  Major  Chvrch  told  Captain  Con- 
verse that  he  had  but  eight  pence  left,  and  could  not 
borrow  any  money  to  carrv  him  home,  and  the  said 
Converse  said,  that  he  had  not  a  penny  left ;  so  they 
were  obliged  to  part  without  going  to  Pollard's,  &c. 

The  said  Captain  Converse  returned  back  into 
town,  and  the  said  Church  went  over  to  Roxbury ; 
and  at  the  tavern  he  met  with  Stephen  Braton  of 
Rhodeisland,  a  drover,  who  was  glad  to  see  him,  (the 
said  Church)  and  he  as  glad  to  see  his  neighbour. 
Whereupon  Major  Church  called  for  an  eight  penny 
tankard  of  drink,  and  let  the  said  Braton  know  his 
circumstances,  [and]  asked  him  whether  he  would 
lend  h'lm  forty  shillings?  He  answered,  "  Yes,  forty 
pounds  if  he  wanted  it."  So  he  thanked  him,  and 
said  [that]  he  would  have  but  forty  shillings,  which 
he  freely  lent  him. 

Presently  after  Mr.  Church  was  told  that  his  bro- 
ther, Caleb  Church  of  Watertovvn,  was  coming  with 
a  spare  horse  for  him,  (having  heard  the  night  before 
that  his  brother  was  come  in.)  By  which  means  the 
said  Major  Church  got  home.  And  for  all  his  travel 
and  expenses  in  raising  soldiers,  and  service  done, 
never  had  bui  fourteen  pounds  of  Plymouth  gentle- 
men, and  not  a  penny  of  \^o»tou  ;  notwithstanding  he 
had  worn  out  all  [of  J  his  clothes,  and  run  himself  in 


p 


j 

m 

Mi 


ill: 


Hi^ 


!  i' 


19S 


KllKNCH  AM)   INDIAN   \VA'{>. 


d(!l)t,  so  tliat  lu!  v\;i'  ohli^T  I  t  i  sril  Inll'  ;i  sIimw  of 
luiid  in  Ti't'itnii,  lor  jiKoiit  si.vti/  poaads,  uliich  is 
now  *  wortli  three  hundred  jionads  m  in;  uiiil  al)ove 
what  lie  liad. 

Having  not  been  at  Ik  ,ne  lon;^  hcf  »re  In;  fomil  out 
the  reason  why  Boston  g(!ntlfMni;n  lo(»keil  s  >  disaf- 
fected on  him.  Asy(»u  may  see  l)y  the;  se  |nei  of  two 
letters,  [wiiich]  Major  Church  sent  to  the  ycnth.men 
in  the  eastward  parts,  which  are  as  foMowetli. 

''Bristol,  Xovembcr  JT,  IGOO. 
Wortliy  Gentlemen, 

According  to  my  promise  when  with  you  last,  I 
waited  upon  the  Goveruour  at  Boston  on  Saturday, 
Captain  Converse  being  with  n>e.  The  Governour 
informed  us  that  the  council  were  to  meet  on  t!io 
Monday  following  in  the  afternoon,  at  which  time  we 
both  there  waited  upon  them,  and  gavt;  them  an  ac- 
count of  the  state  of  your  country,  and  great  nt;(;es- 
sities.  Tiiey  informed  us,  tl-.at  the'r  general  court 
was  to  convene  the  Wednesday  following,  at  wiiicij 
time  they  would  debate  and  consider  of  tin;  matter. 
Myself  being  bound  home,  Captain  Converse  was 
ordered  to  wait  upon  tliem,  a-.ul  bring  \')u  their  re- 
solves. I  then  took  notice  of  the  (;ouncii  lliat  they 
looked  upon  me  with  an  ill  aspect,  not  judging  me 
worthy  to  receive  thanks  for  the  service  I  had  done 
in  your  parts;  nor  as  much  as  asked  me  whtsther  I 
wanted  money  to  bear  my  e.\|)enses,  or  a  ho'se  to 
carry  me  home.  But  I  was  forced,  fur  want  of 
money,  being  far  from  friends,  to  go  to  llo.\l)ury  on 
foot;  but  meeting  there  with  a  Rhodeisland  gentle- 
man, acfjuainted  him  of  my  wants,  who  tend(  red  me 
ten  pounds,  whereby  I  was  accommodat(;(l  for  my 
journey  home.     And   being  come   iioine,   I   went  to 

•  About  1716. 


FREN'CH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


199 


the  minister  of  our  town,*  and  guvo  liim  an  account 
of  the  transactions  of  the  groat  affairs  I  iiad  oecn  em- 
ployed in,  and  the  great  favour  God  was  pleased  to 
show  me,  and  my  company,  and  the  benefit  I  }»)ped 
would  accrue  to  yourselves ;  and  desired  him  to  re- 
turn publick  thanks;  but  at  the  same  interim  of  time 
a  paper  was  presented  unto  him  from  a  court  of  Ply- 
mouth, which  was  holden  before  I  came  home,  to 
command  a  day  of  humdiation  through  the  whole 
government,  "  because  of  the  frown  of  God  upon 
those  forces  sent  under  my  command,  and  the  ill  suc- 
cess we  had,  for  want  of  good  conduct."  All  which 
was  caused  by  those  false  reports  which  were  posted 
home  by  those  ill  affected  oflicers  that  were  under 
my  con<luct ;  especially  one,  which  yourselves  very 
well  know,  who  had  the  advantage  of  being  at  home 
a  week  before  me,  being  sick  of  action,  and  wanting 
the  advanfuge  to  be  at  the  bank,  which  he  was  every 
day  mindful  of  more  than  fighting  the  enemy  in  their 
own  country. 

"  After  I  came  home,  being  informed  of  a  general 
court  at  Plymouth,  and  not  forgetting  my  faithful 
promise  to  you,  and  the  duty  I  lay  under,  I  went 
tiiither.  Where  waiting  upon  them  I  gave  them 
an  account  of  my  Eastward  transactions,  and  made 
them  sensible  of  the  falseness  of  those  reports  that 
were  posted  to  them  by  ill  hands,  and  found  some 
small  favourable  acceptance  with  them  ;  so  far  that 
I  was  credited.  I  presented  your  thanks  to  them 
for  their  seasonably  sending  those  forces  to  relieve 
you,  of  the  expense  and  charge  they  had  been  at ; 
which  thanks  they  gratefully  received  ;  and  said  a 
few  lines  from  yourselves  would  have  been  well  ac- 
cepted. I  then  gave  them  an  account  of  your  great 
necessities,  by  being  imprisoned  in  your  garrisons, 
and  the  great  mischief  that  would  attend  the  pub- 

•  Bristol.  The  Rev.  Samuel  Leo,  F  susjipct,  was  then  thu 
nunistor,  as  he  tlid  not  leave  America  until  sometuiie  the  next 
year.     See  note  4,  page  xii. 


■i  ^1" 


;«:! 


J 


m 


200 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


;■ 


lick  concerns  of  this  country  by  the  los^  of  their 
Majesties'  interest,  and  so  much  good  estate  of  your's 
and  your  neighbours,  as  doubtless  would  be,  on 
the  deserting  of  your  town.  I  then  moved  for  a 
free  contribution  for  your  relief,  which  they  with 
great  forwardness  promoted ;  and  then  ordered  a 
day  of  thanksgiving  through  the  government  upon 
the  twentysixth  day  of  this  instant.  Upon  which 
day  a  collection  v^as  ordered  fcr  your  relief,  and  the 
places  near  adjacent,  in  every  respective  town  in 
this  government ;  and  for  the  good  management  of 
it  that  it  might  be  safely  conveyed  unto  your  hands, 
they  appointed  a  man  in  each  county  for  the  receipt 
and  conveyance  thereof.  The  persons  nominated 
and  accepted  thereof,  are,  for  the  county  of  Ply- 
mouth, Captain  Nathanicd  Thomas,  of  Marshfield  ; 
for  the  county  of  Barnstable,  Ca|)tain  Joseph  Lathrop, 
of  Barnstable  ;  and  for  the  county  of  Bristol,  mys(!lf. 
Which  when  gathered,  you  will  have  a  particular 
account  from  each  person,  with  orders  of  advice 
how  it  may  be  disposed  of  for  your  best  advantage, 
with  a  copy  of  the  court's  order.*  The  gentlemen 
[that]  the  eftects  are  to  be  sent  to,  are  yourselves 
that  I  now  write  to,  viz.,  John  Wheelwright,  Esq., 
Captain  John  Littlefield,  and  Lieutenant  Joseph 
Story.  I  deferred  writing,  expecting  every  day  to 
iiear  from  you  concerning  the  Indians,  coming  to 
treat  about  their  prisoners  that  we  had  taken.  The 
discourse  I  made  with  them  at  Ameresscogen,  I 
knew  would  have  that  effect  as  to  bring  them  to  a 
treaty,  which  I  would  have  thought  myself  happy  to 
have  been  improved  in,  knowing  that  it  would  have 
made  much  for  your  good.  But  no  intelligence 
coming  to   mo   from  any   gentleman   in  your   |)arts, 

•  The  people  of  Connecticut  were  forward,  also,  iii  con- 
tributing to  those  (iistre>-se(l  inliahitants.  A  coiitribution 
was  ordereil  by  the  general  court  throughout  tlie  colony,  and 
the  clergy  were  directed  to  exhort  the  peoiile  to  liberal  ^:)n- 
tributions  for  these  charitable  purposes.     Hist.  Con.  1,  387 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


201 


and  hearing  nothing  but  by  accident,  and  that  in 
the  hitter  end  of  tlie  week  by  some  of  ours  coming 
from  Boston,  informed  me  I  hat  tlie  Indians  had  come 
into  your  town  to  seek  for  peace  ;  and  that  there 
was  to  be  a  treaty  speedily  ;  but  the  time  they  knew 
not.  I  took  my  horse,  and  upon  tiie  Monday  set 
out  for  Boston,  expecting  tlie  treaty  had  been  at 
your  town,  as  rationally  it  should  ;  but  on  Tuesday 
night  coming  to  Boston,  I  there  met  with  Captain 
Filisha  Andros,  who  informed  me  that  the  place  of 
treaty  was  Sacatyhock,*  and  that  Captain  Alden 
was  gone  from  Boston  four  days  before  I  came 
there,  and  had  carried  all  the  Indian  prisoners  with 
him ;  and  that  all  the  forces  were  drawn  away  out 
of  Vour  parts,  except  twelve  men  in  your  town,  and 
twelve  in  Piscataqua,  which  news  did  so  amuse  me, 
to  see,  that  wisdom  was  taken  from  the  wise,  and 
such  imprudence  in  their  actions  as  to  be  deluded 
by  Indians.  To  have  a  treaty  so  far  from  any  Eng- 
lisli  town,  and  to  draw  oiV  the  forces  upon  what  pre- 
tence soever,  to  me  looks  very  ill.  My  fear  is  that 
they  will  deliver  those  we  have  taken,  which,  if 
kept,  would  iiave  been  greatly  for  your  security,  in 
keeping  them  in  awe,  and  preventing  them  from 
doing  any  hostile  action  or  mischief.  I  knowing 
that  the  English  being  abroad  are  very  earnest  to 
go  home,  and  the  Indians  are  very  tedious  in  their 
discourses ;  and  by  that  means  will  have  an  advan- 
tage to  have  their  captives  at  very  low  rates,  to 
your  great  damage. f     Gentlemen,  as  to  Rhodeisland, 

*  Sagadahock,  On  the  south  side  of  Konnebeck  river,  20 
miles  southwest  of  Peminatiued,     Hubbard. 

t  The  treaty  here  alluded  to,  was  agreed  upon  by  those 
sai'henis  that  came  into  "Wells  garrison,"  mentioned  on 
page  194,  "with  a  flag  of  truee."  Major  Hutchinson  and 
Cai't.  Townsend  went  from  Bo^^ton  to  Wells,  as  commission- 
ers, and  after  some  time,  a  conference  was  agreed  upon  at 
Sagadahock,  23  Novemlier.  They  met  according  to  ap- 
pointment and  a  truce  only,  was  obtaincdj  and  that  till  1  May 

I 


m 


■1j 


;  iHi 


tVf 


iM 


M 


imi. 


fl 


'm 


m 


202 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


£ '? 


I  have  not  concerned  mysolf  ns  to  any  relief  for 
ydU,  having  nothing  in  writing  to  siiow  to  thoni ; 
yet.  upon  discourse  witii  some  gentlemen  there 
they  have  signilitd  a  great  forwardness  to  promote 
such  a  thing.  I  lying  under  great  rellections  frorn 
some  of  yours  in  tlu;  eastward  parts,  that  I  was  a 
very  covetous  person,  and  canu'  tliere  to  enrich  my- 
self, and  that  I  killed  their  cattle  and  barrelled  thcin 
np,  and  sent  them  to  Boston,  and  sold  th(>m  for 
plimder,  and  made  money  to  |)ut  into  my  owti  ])0(;- 
ket ;  and  thi;  owners  of  them  being  poor  people 
begged  for  the  hides  and  tallow,  with  tears  in  their 
eyes;  and  that  I  was  so  cruel  as  to  dimy  them! 
which  makes  me  judge  myself  iiu-apable  to  serve 
you  in  that  matter ;  yet,  I  do  assure  you,  that  the 
{)eople  are  very  chnritable  at  the  island,  and  forward 

1  therefore,  I  advise;  vou  to 


in  such  good  actions;  anc 
desire  souk;  good  substantial  person  to  tak(!  the  ma- 
nagement of  it,  and  write  to  the  g,overinnent  th(  re, 
which  I  know  will  not  hr  laboiu-  lost.  As  {'or  what 
I  am  a'-eused  of,  you  all  can  witness  to  the  contra- 
ry, and  I  should  lake  it  vejy  kindly  from  you  to 
do  me  that  just  right,  as  to  vindicate  my  reputation  ; 
for  the  wise  man  says,  "  A  good  name  is  as  precious 
ointment."  WIumi  I  h(;ar  of  the  eHects  of  the  trea- 
ty, and  have  an  account  of  this  contribution,  I  in- 
tend again  to  write;  to  you,  being  very  d(!sirous,  and 
should  think  myself  very  happy,  to  be  favoured  with 
a  few  lines  from  yourself,  or  any  gentleman  in  the 
eastward  parts.  'J'hus  leaving  you  to  the  prot(!C- 
tion  and  guidance  of  the  gre;i«t  (lod  of  Heaven  and 
earth,  who  is  able  to  protect  and  suppiv  you  in  vour 
gn-at  diliiculties,  and  to  give  you  "deliverance  in  his 
own  due  tinii'.      I  remain,  irenlh  inen,  vour  most  as- 


sured liiend,  to  serve  vou  to  \\\\  utmost  power. 

HK.NJA.MIN  CHUIICH." 

Jlowf'VPr.  10  captivps  wnre  roilfv^iicil,  and  at  tlio  onil  ol'the 
liiicc  (hey  wcif  to  liiiiip;  tlio  rf>t  to  Wells,  and  uiake  a 
(inal  peace.     Maj^iialia,  II,  5.29. 


ji         I 


II 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


203 


"  Postscript.  Ksfiuire  Wlioclwriglit.*  Sir,  I  en- 
treat you,  iiftor  your  porusiil  of  those  linos,  to  com- 
municate tl>o  same  to  Captain  John  Littleliehl,! 
Lieutenant  Jos(!ph  Story,  and  to  any  other  (gentle- 
men, as  in  your  judgment  you  see  (it;  with  the;  ten- 
der of  my  res|)(jcts  to  you,  &,c.,  and  to  Major 
Vanijhan,  and  his  good  lady  and  family.  To  Cap- 
tain Fryer,  and  good  Mrs.  Fryer,  with  hearty  thiuiks 
for  their  kindness  whilst  in  those  parts,  and  good 
entertainment  from  them.  My  kind  respects  to  Ma- 
jor Frost,  Captain  Walton,  Lieutenant  Honeywel, 
and  my  very  good  friend  little  Lieutenant  Plaisted ; 
with  due  respects  to  all  gcMitlemen,  my  friends  in  the 
eastward  parts,  as  if  particularly  named.     Farewell. 

B.  C." 

"  To  Major  Pike. 

Honoured  Sir,  Bristol,  Nov.  27,  1690. 

These  come  to  wait  upon  you,  to  bring  the  ten- 
ders of  my  hearty  service  to  yourself,  and  lady,  with 
due  acknowledgment  of  tiiankfulness  for  all  the 
kindness,  and  favour  I  received  fr<im  you  in  the  east- 
ward  parts,  when   with  you.     Since   I  came   from 

*  A  son>  it  is  i)r''sumed,  of  the  Rev.  John  Whpelwria;lit, 
of  whom  so  •rmcn  has  lipoii  s^aiil  and  written  coiicerninf^  An- 
tinomian  |)rinci|.'('s  anil  land  titles.  Bein}^  coiittMilod  witii 
till"  history  of  tiie  father,  1  have  not  disturbed  the  ashes  of 
the  son.  The  veneraliln  ani'estor  held  a  deed  of  certain 
lands  in  Exeter,  N.  11.,  from  eertain  Indian  Saa;amorps  un- 
der ilate,  IbiO,  the  "  authenticity"  of  which,  has  of  late,  been 
examined  l)y  two  ahle  criticUs.  Tiie  late  Governour  Plunier 
of  N.  H.,  first  endeavoured  to  vindicate  its  genuineness,  and 
.James  Savage  of  Boston,  seems  to  have  proved  the  contrary. 
The  deed  may  lie  seen  in  1  Bclkr.ai),  App.  No.  I.  fJovern- 
oiir  I'lumer's "argument  in  N.  H.  tlist.  Soc.  Col.  299.  And 
that  of  Mr.  Savage  in  his  edition  of  Winthrop's  Journal,  I, 
412. 

t  A  Lieut.  T.ittlefield  is  n,inie,niy  Penhallow,  71,  as  being 
dain  in  17  i  2,  at  Wells.     It  ?n'j;,ht  l)e  he. 


■l-f 


<M 


■'i  '. 


I: 


a 


204 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


those  parts,  I  am  informed  by  Captain  Aiidros,  that 
yourself  nrvl  most  all  the  forces,  are  tlniwii  olV  from 
the  eastward  parts.  I  admire  at  it,  considering  that 
they  had  so  low  esteem  of  what  was  doiu%  that  thry 
can  apprehend  the  eastward  parts  so  safe  before  the 
enemy  were  brought  inte-  better  subjc^ction.  I  was 
in  hopes,  when  I  eaine  from  thence,  that  those  who 
were  so  desirous  to  have  my  room,  would  have  bc^jn 
very  brisk  in  my  absence,  to  have  got  themselves 
some  honour,  which  they  very  much  gaped  after,  or 
else  they  would  not  have  spread  so  many  fab'*  re- 
ports to  defame  me;  which  had  I  Known  before  I 
left  tlie  bunk*  I  would  have  had  satisfaction  of  ihem. 
Your  honour  was  pleased  to  give  mi?  some  small 
account,  before  I  lijft  tlie  bank,  of  some  thingr  that 
were  ill  represented  to  you,  concerning  the  eastward 
expedition,  which  being  rolled  home  lik(>  a  snowball 
througli  both  colonies,  was  got  to  siicli  a  bigness, 
that  it  overshadowed  one  from  the  infliKHice  of  all 
comfort,  or  good  acceptance  amongst  my  friends  in 
my  journey  homeward.  But  thiovjgh  God's  good- 
ness [I]  am  come  home,  fmding  a!:  well,  and  myself 
in  good  health  ;  hoping,  that  those  reports  will  do 
me  the  favour,  to  (juit  me  from  all  other  jjubliek  ac- 
tions ;  that  so  I  may  the  more  peaceably,  and  (juiet- 
ly,  wait  upon  God.  and  be  a  comfort  to  my  own 
family,  in  this  dark  time  of  trouble;  being  as  one 
hid,  till  his  indignation  is  overpast.  I  shall  take  it 
as  a  great  favour,  to  hear  of  your  welfare.  Sub- 
scribing myself  as  I  am,  sir. 

Your  most  assured  friend  and  servant, 

BENJAMIN  CHURCH." 


Major  Churtdi  did  receive,  after  this,  answers  to 
his  letters,  but  hath  lost  them,  except  it  be  a  letter 
from  several  of  the  gentlemen  in  those  parts,  in 
June  following,  which  is  as  followeth. 


II 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


205 


"  Portsmouth,  June  29,  1691 
Major  Benj.  Church, 

Sir,  your  forinnr  rcadinoss  to  expose  yourself  in 
the  service  of  the  country,  against  the  common  ene- 
my, anil  particularly  tin;  latt;  obligations,  you  have 
hiid  upon  us,  in  these  eastern  parts,  leave    us  under 
a  deep  and   grateful  sense  of  your  favour  therein. 
And  forasmucli  as  you  were  pleased  when  last  here, 
to  signify  your  ready  inclination  to   further  service 
of  this   kind,  if  occasion   should  call   for    it.     We 
therefore  |)resume,  confidently  to  promise  ourselves 
compliance   accordingly ;  and  have  sent  this  mes- 
sage on  purpose  to  you,  to  let  you  know,  that  not- 
withstanding the  late  overture  of  peace,  the  enemy 
have  approved  themselves  as  perfidious  as  ever,  and 
are  almost  daily  killing  and  destroying  upon  all  our 
frontiers.     The  Governour  and  council  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts have  been  pleased  to  order  the  raising  of 
one  hundred  and  fifty  men,  to  be  forthwith  despatch- 
ed into  those  parts ;  and,  as    we   understand,  have 
written  lo  your  Governour  and  council  of  Plymouth 
for  further  assistance,  which  we  pray  you  to  promote, 
hoping  if  you  can  obtain  about  two  hundred  men,  Eng- 
lisii  and  Indians,  to  visit  them  at  some  of  their  head 
(juarters,  u|)  Kennebeck  river,  or  elsewhere,  which 
for  want  of  necessaries  was  omitted   last   year ;  it 
may  b(!  of  great  advantage  to  us.     We  olVer  nothing 
of  advice,  as  to  what  methods  are  most  proper  to  be 
taken  in  this  atl'air.      Your  actjuaintance  with  our 
circumstances  as  well  as  the    enemy's,  will  direct 
you  therein.     We  leave  the  conduct  thereof  to  your 
own  discretion.     But  that  the  want  of  provision,  &.C., 
may  be  no  rcmora  to  your  njotion,  you  may  please 
to  know  Mr.  (Joatlord,  one  of  our  principal  inhabi- 
tants, now  residing  in  IJoston.  hnth  promised  to  take 
care  to  supj)iy  to  the  value  of  two  or  three  hundred 
pounds,  if  occasion   recjuire.     We   [)ray  a  few  lines 
by   the   bearer,  to  give  us  a  prospect  of  what  we 


%i 


*  J«!  !' 


'  't  II 


M 


I :  ,  !: 

11 


■  U 


Ji 


■k  : 


It 

m 


206 


FIIKNCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


miiy  expect  for  our  furllior  eiieourayeiiieiit,  and  ro- 
muin, 

Sir,  your  obliged  friends  urid  servants, 

WiM.i.vM  Vadohan, 
RieiiAHi)  Maktvn, 
Nathan  I  Ki,  FitvKii, 

WiM.IAM     I'kKNM,!), 

Fhancis  IIookk, 

ClIAKI.KS     FllOST, 

John    \Vin((»i<, 
UollKIlT    Hm.iott." 

(A  true  copy  of  the,  orii^inal  letter ;  which  letter 
was  presented  to  me  by  t'ltplain  Hatch,  who  came 
express.) 

Major  (.'liurcli  sent  them  liis  answer,  the  ronlents 
\viiere()f  was,  that  he  had  <^one  often  enon;r|i  for 
nothing,  and  especially  to  be  ill  treated  with  scan- 
dals and  false  reports,  when  last  out,  which  he  could 
not  for<jet.  And  sij^nified  to  ihein,  that  doubtless 
some  amongst  them,  thought  they  could  do  without 
him,  Ac.  And  to  make  short  of  it,  [they]  did  go 
out,  and  meeting  with  the  enenjy  at  Slaiiuait,  wer(i 
most  shanu'fully  beaten,  as  I  have  been  inform- 
ed.* 


•  I  will  lay  l)»'fi)ro  llif  roador  an  a  count  oI'iIk"  afliiir  liinl- 
p(l  at,  as  1  find  it  in  Mather,  and  will  only  obsrrvc,  that,  that 
aullior  is  rnougli  inclinrd  (o  favour  tlif  side  oil  lio  F,nc;lish. 
"  Al)()nt  llif;  latter  end  of  July  [1G91]  we  sent  out  a  s  nail  army 
under  the  couiniand  of  Capl.  Maicli,  Cajil.  Kiiij;,  Ca|it.  Sliep- 
liurn,  and  Cajit.  Wallcii,  who  landinj;;  at  Maciuoil,  niari'iiod 
up  to  l'e<-|'yp~c(>t,  luU  not  findinp;  any  sipns  of  llie  enemy, 
marched  down  a^ain.  NVhile  tlic  commander'*  were  waitin'^ 
H'-hore  till  (!»e  i-oldiers  were  jrot  aboard,  '•uch  {];reat  niimhers 
of  Indians  poured  in  u|)on  Vhem,  that  thouc;h  the  ("inimanders 
wanted  not  for  courajje  or  conduct,  yet  they  found  them- 
selves ohiiged,  wit!)  nmch  ado,  (an'!  not  without  the  death 
of  worthy  Caiit.  Sherbum)  (o  retire  into  the  ves-els  which 
then  lay  a)Trouud.  Here  they  kepi  pejtint;  at  one  another 
all  nig;h;  ;  liul  unto  little  other  purpose  tiiaii  tiiis,  which  was 
indeed  remarkable,  thut  the  enemy  was  at  this  lime  going  to 


i| 


li 


.  I 


FRENCH  ANU  INDIAN  WAKS. 


Tlir.    TIIIKO    EXI'KDITIOV    K,\ST. 


207 


This  wns  in  tlio  year  l('»i>J.  In  (he  timi'  of  Sir 
William  l*liij)s'*  {j;<»vrrimii'iit,  Majnr  W'lillfy  hi'iiij^ 
at  HosImii,  was  requested  hy  his  exeelleiiry  to  treat 
with  Major  Chiireh  ahoiit  fioin^  east  with  him.  Ma- 
jor VValley  comiuji  hotiK;,  did  as  desirecl ;  iiml  to  eii- 
t:oura<;o  the  said   Maj«)r  Church,  told   him,  that  now 

tako  thf  IsIp  of  Shoals,  and  no  (li)ul)t  hatl  tlipy  Ronc  tlioy 
wniiM  tiavo  taken  it,  hut  liaving  rxliaii'-toil  all  llicir  ainnm- 
nilinn  on  tills  occasion,  llu'y  dosisttMl  iVoiii  what  lln'y  «irsi|»n- 
fd."     MaRnalia,  II,  D30. 

•  Govnnour  Pliipx  "  was  a   Nowpnjj;lainl   man,"  born   at 
PiMnniaciuid,  in  l(>r»0-l  ;  boin^?,  as  w«'  arc  (old,  a  younger  son 
ainonji;  Iwontysix  children,  of  whom   <weiitvone    were  sons. 
Hy  prol'ession  he  was  a  shi|»  carpenter.     That  i)U-iiness  he 
soon  left  ;  and  hein;;  an  industrious  and   persevering?  man, 
and  ap|)lyinf;  himself  (o  >tudy,  soon   ac(]uned  an  education 
competent  for  the   di-^cliai^e  of  common   affairs,  ami  tiien 
went  to  sea.     On  iieariiii;  of  a  Spanish  ship's  beinj;  wre(  \e(l 
near  the   Bahamas,  proceeded  to  I'^^ngland,  an!  pave  so  dut- 
lerint;  an  accoiint  of  its  value,  ami  the  iiracticai)ility  of  oli- 
laininR  it,  that  he  was  despatched  in  one  of  the  Kind's  shijis 
in  search  of  it;  hut   returned   witiiout  success.     Vet  he  be- 
lieved the  treasure   mij^ht   be  obtained;  and  soon   after,  the 
Duke  of  Albemarl  sent  him  with  two  shi|is  on  the  same  Imsi- 
ness.     After  much  excessive  toil,  ami  nearly  on  the  jioint  of 
al)andoning  the  object,  the  treasure  was  discovered,  and  h" 
succeeded   in  brinjijinp;  IVomthe   wreck  I hnc  hundred  l/inii- 
sand  pou7ids.     But  after  deducting  the  Duke's  share  and  the 
outfits,  and  his  own  }!;reat  generosity  to  his  men,  he  iiad  loft 
only  sixlecn  thousand,     lie  uoav  had  cord'erred  on  him  the 
oriler  of  knighthood.     In  1G90  he  commanded  an  expedition 
against  Quebeck.but  from  unavoidaltle  obstacles (iid  not  ar- 
rive until  too  late  in  the  season,  and  was  (d)liged  to  aliandon 
tht^  expcditian.     See  note  I,  on  page   177,  wliere  some  parti- 
culars are  given.     The  King  now  for  the   llrst  lime  conii>li- 
merited  the  Newengland  agents  with  the  nomination  oftiieir 
Governour,  and  they  nominated   Sir  William  Pliips,  and  he 
arrived  at  Boston,  14  May,  109-2,  invostod  with  the  proper 
authority.     In   H)l)4,  he   was  sent  for  to  answr  some  com- 
plaints in  England,  but  fell  sick  before  ho  had  his  trial  and 
died,  18  Feb.  1695.     All  represent    him  .     a  strictly  honest 
man,  and  a  real  friend  to  his  country.     Matlier,  Holines, 
Eliot,  and  Allen. 


I 


'H 


Ml 


i 


20S 


FIIENCK  AND  INDIAN  WARS, 


was  the  time  to  have  recompense  for  his  former 
great  expenses ;  saying  also,  that  the  country 
couUl  not  give  him  less  than  two  or  three  hundred 
pounds. 

So  upon  his  excellency's  recjuest,  Major  Church 
went  down  to  Boston,  and  waited  upon  him,  who 
said  he  was  glad  to  see  him,  d^c.  After  some  dis- 
course [he]  told  the  said  Church,  that  he  was  going 
east,  himself,  and  that  he  should  be  his  second,  and 
in  his  absence,  command  all  the  forces.  And  be- 
ing requested  by  his  excellency  to  raise  what  volun- 
teers he  could  of  his  old  soldiers  in  the  county  of 
Bristol,  both  English  and  Indians,  received  his  com- 
mission, which  is  as  foUoweth. 

"  Sir  JVilUam  I'hips,  Knight,  Captain  General  and 
iiovernour  in  Chief,  in  and  over  his  jMaJestt/s 
province  of  the  jMassachusetts  bay,  in  jYeweng- 
land, 

To  Bknjamin  Church,  Gent.,  Greeting. 
Reposing  special  trust  and  confidence  in  your 
loyalty,  courage  and  g(»od  conduct ;  I  do  by  tliese 
presents  constitute  and  appoint  you  to  be  Major  of 
the  several  companies  of  militia,  detached  for  their 
Majesties'  service  against  their  French  and  Indian 
enemies.  You  are  therefore  authorized  and  re(piir- 
ed  in  their  Majesties'  mimes,  to  discharge  the  duty 
ofa  Major  by  leading,  ordering  and  exercising  the 
said  several  companies  in  arms,  both  inferiour  ofli- 
cers  and  soldiers,  keeping  th(>m  in  good  order  and 
disci|)line,  commanding  them  to  obey  you  as  tlieir 
Major.  And  diligently  to  intend  the  said  service, 
fir  the  prosi'cuting,  pursuing,  killing  and  destroying 
of  the  said  common  enemy.  And  yourself  to  ob- 
serve and  follow  such  orders  and  directions  as  you 
shall  from  Uuv.  to  time  receive  from  myself,  accord- 
mg  to  the  rules  and  discipline  of  war,  pursuant  t(j 
the  trust  reposed  in  you  for  their  Majesties'  service. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


209 


Given  under  my  hand  and  seal  at  Boston,  the  twen- 
tyfifih  day  of  July,  1GU2.  In  the  fourth  year  of  the 
reijj;n  of  our  sovereign  Lord  and  Lady,  Wilham  and 
Mary,  by  the  graee  of  God,  King  and  Queen  of 
Enghmd,  Scothmd,  France  and  Ireland,  defender  of 
the  faith,  &c. 

WILLIAM  PHIPS. 
By  his  Excellency's  command. 

Isaac  Addington,  Seer." 

Returning  home  to  the  county  aforesaid,  he  soon 
raised  a  sufiicient  number  of  volunteers,  both  English 
and  Indians,  and  officers  suitable  to  command  them, 
marched  them  down  to  Boston.  But  there  was  one 
thing  I  would  just  mention,  which  was,  that  Major 
Church,  being  short  of  money,  was  forced  to  borrovr 
six  pounds  in  money  of  Lieutenant  Woodman,  in 
Littlecompton,  to  distribute  by  a  shilling,  and  a  hit* 
at  a  time,  to  the  Indian  soldiers,  who,  without  such 
allurements,  would  not  have  marched  to  Boston. 
This  money  Major  Church  put  into  the  hands  of  Mr. 
William  Fobes,  who  was  going  out  [as]  their  com- 
missary in  that  service. 

[IIcj'  was  ordered  to  keep  a  just  account  of  what 
each  Indian  had,  so  that  it  might  be  deducted  out  of 
their  wages  at  their  return  home.  Coming  to  Boston, 
his  exccillency  having  got  things  in  readiness,  they 
embarketl  on  board  their  transports,  his  excellency 
going  in  person  with  them ;  being  bound  to  Pema- 
quid.f     But  in  their  way  stopped  at  Casco,  and  buri- 

I  [who] 

*  Six  ])Pnr.e. 

t  This  word  is  hotter  written  Pommaqnid  as  it  was  former- 
ly pronounrrd,  and  now  f;rnprally.  T'nis  place  is  cele.brat- 
eil  a^  the  hii<h  place  of  Sir  William  Phips.  Several  places 
are  known  hy  tliis  name,  Iml  are  all  in  the  same  vicinity,  and 
on  tiie  ea^t  side  of  Kennel"'ck  river,  and  about  20  miles  from 
its  mout.i.     Hubbard. 


14 


71 


11 

i '    ii 

•I 

i 


i 


rrr: 


210 


FRENCH  AND  INDIA.N  WARS. 


I 


ed  the  l)nnos*of  tlie  dead  |)e()ple  tliere,  and  took  off 
the  great  guns  tliat  were  there,  then  went  to  I'enia- 
quid. 

Coming  tliere  his  excellency  asked  Major  Church 
to  go  ashore  and  give  liis  jiid^rujent  about  erecting  a 
fortf  there  7  He  answered,  that  his  genius  did  not 
incline  that  way,  he  never  hud  any  value  lor  them, 
being  only  nests  for  destructions.  His  excellency 
said,  [that]  he  had  a  special  order  from  their  Ma- 
jesties, King  William  and  Queen  Mary,  to  erect  a 
fort  there,  »tc.  Then  they  went  ashore  and  sj)ent 
some  time  in  the  projection  thereof.  Then  his  ex- 
cellency told  Major  Church  that  he  might  take  all 
the  forces  with  him,  (except  one  company  to  stay 
with  him  and  work  about  the  fort.)  The  Major 
answered,  that  if  his  excellency  pleased,  he  nnght 
keep  two  companies  with  him,  and  [that]  he  would 
go  with  the  rest|  to  Penobscot,  and  places  adjacent. 
Which  his  excellency  did,  and  gave  Major  Church 
his  orders,  which  are  as  followeth. 

•'  By  his  excellency,  Siii  WH.LI  AM  PHIPS,  Kniout, 
Captain  General  and  (iovernour  in  Chief,  in  and 
over  their  JIajcsties''  province  of  the  Massachusetts 
bay,  in \ewengland,  i^c. 

Instructions  for  Major  Benjamin  Church. 

Whereas  you  are  Major,  and  so  chief  ofiicer  of  a 
body  of  men,  detached  out  of  the  militia, 'a|)pointcd 
for  an  expedition  against  the  French  and  Indian  ene- 

•  Seo  page  175,  and  notp  3,  where  an  account  of  the  des» 
traction  of  Casco  is  related. 

t  Tliis  fort  was  called  llie  William  Henry,  and  was  tlit; 
best  tbr^n  in  these  parts  of  America.  It  was  built  of  stone  of 
a  quadrangylar  figure,  and  alioiit  737  feet  in  comjiass,  mount- 
ing 14  (if  not  IS)  guns.  Whereof  (i  were  18  pounders. 
About  60  men  were  lell  to  man  tlic  fort.  Mather,  Magnalia, 
II,  536,  537, 

I  Tlicir  whole  force  was  450  men.     lb. 


KHRNCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


211 


vou  are  duly  to  ohserve  the   fol 


owing  inslruc- 


my  : 

tinii> 

Im|)riiiiis.  You  are  to  take  care  that  the  worship 
of  (ifid  l)e  (inly  .iiid  constantly  maintained  and  kept 
U|)  iiniongsl  you  ;  and  to  suHVr  no  svveiiring,  cursing/ 
or  otiier  profanation  of  the  holy  name  of  God  ;  and, 
as  nuich  as  in  you  lies,  to  deter  and  hinder  all  other 
vice.^  amongst  your  soldiers. 

Secondly.  You  are  to  proceed,  with  the  soldiers 
under  your  command  to  Penobs'  ot,  and,  with  what 
privacy,  and  what  undiscovcrable  methods  you  can, 
there  to  land  your  men,  and  take  the  best  Measures 
to  surprise  the  enemy. 

Thirdly.  You  are,  by  killing,  destroying,  and  all 
other  means  possible,  to  endeavour  the  destruction 
of  the  enemy,  in  pursuance  whereof,  being  satisfied 
of  your  courage  and  conduct,  I  leave  the  same  to 
your  discretion. 

Fourthly.  You  are  to  endeavour  the  taking  whatf 
ca|  tives  you  can,  either  men,  women  or  children,  andj 
the  same  safely  to  keep  and  convey  them  unto  me.     ) 

Fifthly.  Since  it  is  not  possible  to  judge  how  af- 
fairs may  be  circumstanced  with  you  there,  I  shall 
therefore  not  limit  your  return,  but  leave  it  to  your 
prudence,  only  that  you  make  no  longer  stay  than 
you  can  improve  for  advantage  against  the  enemy,  or 
may  reasonably  hope  for  the  same. 

Sixthly.  You  are  also  to  take  care  and  be  very 
industrious  by  all  possible  means  to  fmd  out  and  de- 
stroy all  the  enemy's  corn,  and  other  provisions  in  all 
places  where  you  can  come  at  the  same. 

Seventhly.  You  are  to  return  from  Penobscot  and 
those  eastern  parts,  to  make  all  despatch  hence  for 
Kenncbeck  river  and  the  places  adjacent,  and  there 
prosecute  all  advantages  against  the  enemy  as  afore- 
said. 

I'iighthly.  If  any  soldier,  officer,  or  other  shall 
be  disobedient  to  yo»i  as  their  commander  in  chief, 
or  other   their  superiour  officer,   or  make,  or  cause 


»  i 


■:!i: 


,11 

'f!  s 
Mis 

(I 


^^'i 


I! 


i-^ 


212 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAIIS 


any  mntiny,  commit  othor  oflTciicc!  or  disonlors,  you 
shall  call  a  council  of  war  amongst  your  ofiircrs,  and' 
having  tried  him  or  them  so  on'cudiiig,  inllirt  such 
punishment  as  the  merit  of  the  offence  requires,  death 
only  excepted,  which  if  any  shall  deserve,  you  are 
to  secure  the  person,  and  signify  the  crime  unto  me 
by  the  first  opportunity- 
Given  under  my  hand  this  11th  day  of  August, 
1692. 

WILLIAM  PHIPS." 

Then  the  Major  and  his  forces  embarked  and  made 
the  best  of  their  way  to  Penobscot.  And  coming  to 
an  island  in  those  parts  in  the  evening,  landed  his 
forces  at  one  end  of  the  island.  Then  the  Major 
took  part  of  i)is  forces  and  moved  (toward  day)  to 
the  other  end  of  the  said  island,  where  thev  found 
two  Frenchmen  and  their  families,  in  their  houses; 
and.  that  one  or  both  of  them  had  Indian  women  to 
their  wives,  and  had  children  by  them.  The  Major 
presently  examining  the  Frenchmen,  [demmded] 
where  the  Indians  were  7  They  told  him,  that  there 
was  a  great  company  of  them  upon  an  island  just 
by.  And  showing  him  the  island,  [he]  presently 
discovered  several  of  them. 

Major  Church  and  his  forces  still  keeping  undis- 
covered to  them,  asked  the  Frenchmen  where  their 
passing  place  was  ?  Which  they  readily  showi;;!  them. 
So  presently  they  placed  an  ambuscade  to  take  any 
that  should  come  over.  Then  sent  orders  fir  all  the 
rest  of  the  forces  to  come  ;  sending  them  an  account 
of  what  he  had  seen  and  met  withal  ;  strictly  charg- 
ing them  to  keep  themselves  undiscovered  by  the 
enemy.  The  ambuscade  did  not  lie  long  before  an 
Indian  man  and  woman  came  over  in  a  canoe,  to  the 
pla(;e  for  landing,  where  the  ambuscade  was  laid, 
i'l'iiey]'  hauled  up  their  canoe,  and  came  rii^ht  into 
Uie  hands  of  our  ambuscade, whososuddenlysurpris- 

»  [who] 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


213 


ed  them  that  they  could  not  give  any  notice  to  the 
others  from  whence  tliey  came.  The  Major  ordering 
that  none  of  his  should  offer  to  meddle  with  the 
canoe,  lest  they  should  he  discovered.  Hoping  to 
take  the  most  of  them,  if  his  forces  came  as  ordered, 
(he  expecting  them  to  come  as  directed.)  But  the 
first  news  [that]  he  had  of  them,  was,  that  they  were 
all  coming,  [and]'  not  privately  as  ordered,  but  tiie 
vessels  fair  in  sight  of  the  enemy,  which  soon  put 
them  all  to  flight.  And  our  foftses  not  having  boats 
suitable  to  pursue  them,  they  got  all  away  in  their 
canoes,  &,c.  [This]'  caused  Major  Church  to  say, 
[that]  he  would  never  go  out  again  vvithout  [a] 
sufficient  mmiber  of  whale  boats,  [the]^  want  of  which 
was  the  ruin  of  that  action.* 

Then  Major  Church,  according  to  his  instructions, 
ranged  all  those  parts,  to  find  all  their  corn,  and 
carried  aboard  their  vessels  what  he  thought  conve- 
nient, and  destroyed  the  rest.  Also  finding  conside- 
rable quantities  of  plunder,  viz.,  beaver,  moose 
skins,  &,c. 

Having  done  what  service  they  could  in  those 
parts,  he  returned  back  to  his  excellency  at  Peme- 
quid.  Where  being  come,  staid  not  long,  (they  be- 
ing short  of  bread)  his  excellency  intended  [going] 
home  for  Boston  for  more  provisions.  [In  the  way^ 
going  with  Major  Church  and  his  forces  to  Kenne- 
beck  river  ;  and  coming  there  gave  him  further  or- 
ders, which  are  as  foiloweth. 

"  By  his  Excellency  tlie  Governour, 
To  Major  Bknjamin  Church. 
You  having  already  received  former  instructions, 
are  now  further  to  proceed  with  the  soldiers  under 
1  [though]       2  [which]        3  [for]    «  ■»  [but  before] 

•  Mather,  II,  537,  says  that  five  prisoners  were  taken  at 
this  time. 


"H\ 


)■•  !( 


i  ,i) 


'i  3 


m 


;iis 


il 


214 


FKEN'CH  AND  JXDIAN  VVAHS. 


yonr  t'(ii)im;iii(l  for  Kfiiiu'lx'ck  rivor,  iiiid  the  pliicos 
adjiirt'iit,  aiul  use  your  iitiiiust  ';ii(lri^<»iiis  t(»  kill, 
destroy  and  take  captive  iIk,'  Kreiieli  and  Indian  ene- 
my wheresoever  yon  shall  find  any  of  them  ;  and  at 
your  return  to  Penie(|uid  (whieli  you  are  to  do  as 
soon  as  yon  can  conveniently  ;  after  your  best  en- 
deavour done  against  the  enemy,  and  having  des- 
troyed their  corn  and  other  provisions)  you  are  lo 
stay  with  all  your  soldiers  und  ollicers,  and  set  them 
to  work  on  the  fort,  anM  make  what  despatch  you  can 
in  that  business,  staying  there  until  my  further  order. 

WILLIAM  PI II PS." 

Then  his  (excellency  taking  leave  went  for  Boston, 
and  soon  afliT,  Major  ('hur<di  and  his  forces  had  a 
smart  fight  with  the  enemy  in  Kennebeck  river  ;  pur- 
sued them  so  hard  that  they  left  their  canoes,  and 
ran  up  into  the  woods.  [They]  still  pursued  them 
up  to  their  fort  at  Taconock,*  which  the  enemy 
perceiving,  set  fire  to  their  houses  in  the  fort,  and 
ran  away  by  the  light  of  them  ;  and  when  Major 
Church  came  to  the  said  fort,  [he]  .*bund  about  half 
their  houses  standing,  and  the  rest  burnt ;  idso  found 
great  quantities  of  corn,  put  up  into  Indian  cribs, 
which  he  and  his  forces  destroyed,  as  ordered. 

Having  done  what  service  he  could  in  those  parts, 
returned  to  Pcmequid.  And  coming  there,  employ- 
ed his  forces  according  to  his  instructions.  Being 
out  of  bread  [and]  his  excellency  not  coming,  Ma- 
jor Church  was  obliged  to  borrow  bread  of  the  Cap- 
tain of  the  man  of  war,  that  was  then  there,  for  all 
the  forces  under  his  connnand  ;  his  excellcMicy  not 
coming  as  expected.  But  at  length  his  excellency 
came,    and    brought   very   little    bread,  more    than 

*  This  iort  was  ghout  64  mil^s  from  the  sea.  Taconock, 
or  as  Sullivan  has  it,  Taconnet  is  a  {^irat  fall  of  water  in  the 
Kennpheek.  At  this  place,  by  order  of  Gov.  Shirley,  a  tort 
was  hnilt  on  tiie  east  hank  of  the  river  (in  1754)  and  called 
fort  Halifax.    Minot's  Hist.  1,  18(j. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


215 


would  pay  what  was  borrowed  of  the  inuri  of  war ; 
BO  that  in  a  short  time  after  Major  Chiircli,  with  his 
forces,  returned  home  to  Boston,  and  had  tlieir  wa- 
ges for  their  good  service  done. 

Only  one  thing,  by  the  way,  I  will  just  mention ; 
that  is,  about  the  six  ^wunds  [whichj  Major  Church 
borrowed    as    beforenientioned,   and    put   into   tiie 
liands  of  Mr.  Fobes,  who  distributed  the  said  money, 
all  but  thirty  shillings,  to  the  Indian  soldiers,  as  di- 
rected, which  was  deducted  out  of  their  wages,  and 
the  country  had  credit  for  the  same.     And  tlie  said 
Fobes  kept  the  thirty  shillings  to  himself,  which 
was  deducted  out  of  his  wages.     Whereupon  Major 
Walley  and  [the]  said   Fobes  had  some   words.     In 
short  Major  Church   was  obliged  to  expend  about 
six  pounds  of  his  own  money  in  marching  down  the 
forces  both  English  and  Indians,  to  Boston,  having 
no    drink   allowed    them  upon  the  road,  &c      So, 
that  instead  of  Major  Church's  having  the  allowances 
aforementioned    by   Major   Walley,   he    was  out  of 
pocket  about  twelve  pounds  over  and  above  what  he 
had  ;  all  which  had  not  been,  had  not  his  excellency 
been  gone  out  of  the  country. 


THE    FOURTH    EXPEDITION    EAST. 

In  169G,  Major  Church  being  at  Boston,  and  be- 
longing to  the  house  of  representatives,  several  gen- 
tlemen requesting  him  to  go  east  again,  and  the 
general  court  having  made  acts  of  encouragement, 
&,c.  He  told  them,  [that]  if  they  would  provide 
whale  boats,  and  other  necessaries  convenient,  he 
would.  Being  also  requested  by  the  said  general 
court,  he  proceeded  to  raise  volunteers ;  and  made 
It  his  whole  business,  riding  both  east  and  west  m 
our  province  and  Connecticut,  at  great  charge  and 
expenses.     And  in  about  a  month's  time,  raised  a 


1 


I'j 


rr-k 


,^ 


1\ 


• 


216 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


sufficient  number  out  of  tlioso  parts,  juid  niiirchod 
them  down  to  Boston.  Wlicre  lie  liad  the  promise 
that  every  thing  should  be  ready  in  tliree  weeks, 
or  a  month's  time ;  but  was  obliged  to  stay  conside- 
rably longer.  Being  now  at  Boston,  he  received  his 
commission  and  instructions,  which  are  asfblloweth. 

"WILLIAM  STOUGHTON,*  Esquire, Lieutenant 
Governour,  and  Commander  in  Chief,  in  and  over 
his  Majesty  s  province  of  Massachusetts  bay,  in 
JVewengland, 

To  Major  Benjamin  Cuukch,  Greeting. 

Whereas  there  are  several  companies  raised, 
consisting  of  Englishmen  and  Indians,  for  his  Majes- 
ty's service,  to  go  forth  upon  the  cncouragenuitjt 
given  by  the  great  and  general  court,  or  usstniibly 
of  this  his  Majesty's  province,  convened  at  li()stt)n, 
the  27th  day  of  May,  KilXi,  to  prosecute  the  French 
and  Indian  enemy,  &.c.  And  you  having  otlered 
yourself  to  take  the  command  and  conduct  of  the 
said  several  companies.  By  virtue,  therefore,  of  the 
power  and  authority  in  and  by  his  Majesty's  royal 
commission  to  me  granted,  reposing  special  trust 
and   confidence  in   your  loyalty,  prudence,  courage 

•  Mr.  Stougliton  wastlif  son  of  Israel  Stougiiton  of  Dor- 
cliester,  at  which  phiof  he  was  Itorn  in  163'i.  He  gratliiatoil 
at  Harvard  coUegp,  1650,  and  engaging  in  the  study  of  divin- 
ity, is  said  to  have  made  an  excellent  preacher,  but  was 
never  settled.  Is  also  said  to  have  possessed  good  talents 
and  great  learning.  It  may  he  allowed  that  he  had  a  ^Tmf 
deal  of  some  kind  of  learning,  and  yet,  destitute  of  much 
solid  understanding  or  science.  This  no  one  will  douht, 
when  inforuied  that  he  was  one  of  the  principal  judges,  who 
sat  and  condemned  so  many  unfortunate  persons  for  the 
imaginary  crime  of  loitchcraft ,  in  the  wUch  rge  of  Salem  ; 
and  to  add  to  his  misfortunes,  Dr.  Eliot  says,  that  "  he  was 
more  obstinate  in  his  erroiir  than  others  on  the  bencii." 
Wlien  Fhips  left  the  government,  he  was  the  commander  in 
chief.  In  1700  he  was  again  in  the  olfice.  He  died  in  l70ii. 
At  his  expense  was  the  college  called  Stoughton  hall  built 
N.  £.  Biug.  444,  5 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


217 


and  good  conduct.  I  d<»  l)y  tliese  presents  consti- 
tute iind  appoint  you  to  be  Major  ol"  the  said  several 
companies,  l)()th  I'lnglishinen  and  Indians,  raised  for 
his  Majesty's  service  upon  the  encouragement  afore- 
said. You  are  therefore  ciirefully  and  diligently  to 
[)er(orm  the  (hity  of  your  phiee,  l)y  h;ading,  ordering, 
and  exercising  the  said  several  com|)anies  in  arms, 
both  inferiour  ollieers  and  soldiers,  keeping  them  in 
good  order  and  discipline,  commanding  them  to 
obey  you  as  tlieir  Majf^r.  And  yourself  diligently 
to  intend  his  Majesty's  service  for  the  prosecuting, 
pursuing,  taking,  killing  or  destroying  the  said  ene- 
my by  sea  or  land ;  and  to  observe  all  such  orders 
and  instructions  as  you  sliall  from  time  to  time  re- 
ceive from  myself,  or  conunander  in  chief  for  the 
time  being,  according  to  the  rules  and  discipline  of 
war.  pursuant  to  the  trust  reposed  in  you.  Given 
under  my  hand  and  seal  at  arms,  at  Boston,  the 
t!)ird  (lay  of  August,  HiOC),  in  th(^  eighth  year  of  the 
reign  of  our  sovereign  Lord  William  the  III,  by 
the  grace  of  God,  of  England,  Scotland,  France, 
and  Ireland,  King,  def(  nder  of  the  faith,  S:c. 

WILLIAM  STOUGIITON 
By  command  of  the  Lieut.  Governour,  &c. 

Isaac  Addington,  Seer." 

*^  rrovince  of  Massachnsetts  bay.  By  the  Right 
Honourable  the  Lieutenant  Governour  and  Com- 
mander in  Chief. 

Instructions  for  Major  Benjamim  Church,  Com- 
mander of  the  forces  raised  for  his  Majesty's  ser- 
vice, against  the  French  and  Indian  enemy  and 
rebels. 

Pursuant  to  the  commission  given  you,  you  are 
to  embark  the  forces  now  furnished  and  equipped 
for  his  Majesty's  service  on  the  i)resent  expedition 
to  the  eastern  parts  of  this  province,  and  with  them, 
and  such  others  as  shall  olfer  themselves  to  go  forth 

K 


lii 


i! 


1 1' 

i  i* 


^# 


( 


li  i 


I 


218 


FRKNCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


on  tho  sniil  service,  to  sail  unto  Pisoatiiqua,  to  join 
those  lately  clespatclied  tliitliur  for  the  sjiine  expeii- 
tion,  to  uwnit  your  comiiiir.  And  with  a!I  care  and 
diligence  to  iin|)rove  the  vessels,  boats  and  men  iin- 
der  your  connnand  in  search  for,  prosecution  and 
pursuit  of,  the  said  enemy  at  such  places  wlnjre  you 
may  Im;  informed  of  their  abode;  or  resort,  or  where 
you  may  probably  expect  to  find,  or  me'et  with  them, 
and  take  all  advantages  against  them  which  provi- 
dence shall  favoiii  you  with. 

You  are  not  to  list  or  accept  any  soldiers  that  are 
already  in  his  Majesty's  pay,  and  post(;d  at  any  town 
or  garrison  within  this  province,  without  special  order 


fr 


om 


my 


se 


If. 


Vou  are  to  recjuire   and  give  strict  orders  that  tho 

duties  of  religion   be   attended  on  board  tho  sev(>ral 

1  in  the  several  (•om|)anies  under  your  com- 


vesse 


m 


an( 


and,  by  daily  prayers  imt(»  (Jod,  and  reading  iiis 
holy  word,  and  observance  of  the  Lord's  day  to  the 
utmost  you  can. 

Vou  are  to  see  that  your  soIdi(!rs  have  their  duo 
allowance  of  provisions,  and  other  nec(!ssaries,  and 
that   the   sick  or   wounded  be  accommodated  in  the 


l)est 


maimer  your  cireinnstances  will   admit. 


And 


that  good  ord(>r  and  command  may  be  k((pt  up  and 
maintained  in  the  several  companies,  and  all  disor- 
ders, drunkenness,  profane  cursinif.  swearing,  disobe- 
dience of  olRcers,  mutinies,  omissions  or  neglect  of 
duty,  be  duly  punished  accMirding  to  the  laws  uiar- 
tial.  And  you  arc  to  reijuire  tht;  Cajitain  or  chief 
oiricer  of  each  ci;mpany,  with  the  cK'rk  of  tht;  same, 
to  keep  an  exact  journal  of  all  their  proceedings 
from  time  to  tinu;. 

In  case  any  of  the  Indian  env'iny  and  rebels  ofCr.r 
to  submit  themselves,  you  are  to  receive*  them,  oidy 
ai  discrctioi. ;  i)nt  if  you  think  fit  to  im[)rove  any  of 
them,  or  any  othiTs  which  you  may  happiMi  to  take 
prisoners,  you  may  encourage  them  to  be  faithful  by 


1 


FRKNCIl  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


219 


tho  promise  of  tlu^ir  lives,  wliich  shall  be  grnntod 
upon  ii|)|)rt>l)afi<ni  of  their  (idcdity. 

You  iiro  ciinfiilly  to  look  aHcr  the  Iiidiiins  which 
you  hiiv(!  out  of  the  prison,  so  tliat  they  may 
not  liiivc  ojiportunity  to  c^c-ape  hut  otlu^wise  im- 
prove theui  to  what  advaiitaif')  you  cuii,  uiid  return 
♦hem  l)ack  a^ain  to  this  place. 

Y  Ml  are  to  advise,  as  you  can  have  occasion,  with 
CaptiiMi  John  (lorhain,  who  accompanii's  you  in  this 
ex|)edition,  and  is  to  take  your  command  in  case  of 
your  (hratli.  A  copy  of  tliese  instructions  y<t<i  are 
to  leave  with  him,  and  to  <;ive  me  an  account  from 
time  to  time  of  your  proc(>edings. 

WILLIAM     STOUGIITON. 

Boston,  Jiugust  \2th,  101)0." 

Tn  the  time  [that]  Major  Church  lay  at  Boston,  the 
news  came  of  P(!me(|ui(l  fort's  bein<;  taken.*    It  came 

•Thuslh»*  fort  whicli  liail  co«t1liP  coiuilry  an  iinmonsp  sum 
of  monoy,  wa*  <'ntir<'ly  (lemolislii'il.  This  was  fort  William 
Hi'nry,  l)iiilt  in  tli''  last  rxpcilitioii.  Two  men  of  war  wore 
sent  from  Boston,  early  this  year,  (HJOG)  to  criiiso  ott'lho  river 
St.  .lohns,  for  an  cxpcrtt'il  From-h  storo  ship  ;  hut  unhappily, 
thn  Fronch  at  (Juphr'i'k  hail  lit'spatchod  two  men  of  war  for 
the  capture  of  the  ahovc  said  fort.  Thrse  fell  in  with  tho  two 
Enji;lish  vpssols,  ami  Ixmu};;  more  than  a  match  for  thfin,  cap- 
turoil  one,  called  the  Newport,  tho  other,  takinjj;  advantage 
of  a  foji,  (^ot  hack  to  Boston.  The  French  now  proc(^eded  lo 
attack  the  fort,  heinjr  stren<;thened  hy  the  addition  of  the 
New|)ort,  and  Baron  Castine  with  '200  Indians.  The  French 
were  commanded  hy  one  Iherville,  "  ahraveand  experienced 
otlicer,"  and  the  F.ni^li^h  fort  hy  one  Chuhh,  without  hrave- 
ry  or  experience.  On  the  14  July,  Iherville  arrived  hefore 
the  fori,  and  iminediattdy  sent  in  a  summons  for  its  surren- 
der. Chuhl)  returned  a  mere  gasconade  for  an  answer. 
Says  he,  "  11"  the  sea  were  covered  with  French  vessels,  and 
the  hind  Willi  Indians,  yet  I  would  not  j^ive  uj)  the  fort." 
Some  tirinfi;  then  commenced  with  the  small  arms,  anil  thus 
closed  the  first  dav.  The  nia;hl  followinf;;  Iherville  landed 
some  cannon  ami  mortars,  and  hy  the  next  day  at  S  of  the 
clo(d(,  had  so  raised  tiis  works  as  to  throw  5  homhs  into  the 
fort,  lo  the  great  terror  of  Cinil>l)  and  his  men.  And  to  add 
to  their  terror,  Castine  found  means  to  convey  a  letter  into 


cfi 


N    i 


1 


11 


i 


8S0 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


by  a  shallop  llmt  brouj^lit  some  prisoners  to  Roston 
who  gave  nil  tircoiiiit,  also,  that  there  was  a  French 
ship  ut  Mouiitdesurl*  that  had  taken  a  ship  of  ours. 
So  the  discourse  was,  that  they  would  send  the  man 
of  war,f  with  other  forces  to  take  the  said  Fri-neli 
ship,  and  retake  ours.  Hut  in  the  mean  time  Major 
Church  and  his  forces  hoiiig  ready,  embarked,  and  on 
the  lifteeiith  day  of  August,  set  sail  for  Piscatacpia, 
where  more  men  were  to  join  them.  (But  hcd'orc 
they  left  Boston,  Afajor  Church  discoursed  with  the 
Ca|)tain  of  the  nuin  of  war,  who  promised  him.  [that] 
if  he  \v«'nt  to  Mouiitd(!sart,  in  pursuit  of  the  French 
ship,  that  he  would  call  for  him  and  his  f<»rces  at  Pis- 
cata<iua,  expecting  tliat  the  French  and  Indians 
might  not  he  far  from  the;  said  French  ship,  so  thai 
he  might  have  an  opportunity  to  fight  them  while  he 
was  engaged  with  tlie  French  ship.) 

Soon  after  the  forces  arrived  at  Piscataipia,  tlio 
Major  sent  his  Indian  soldiers  to  Colonel  (ii(iney,Jat 

the  fort,  importing,  that  '*  if  thry  held  out  the  liuiians  would 
not  be  reslrainoil,  for  he  ha<i  seen  such  orders  from  the  Kin(» 
to  Iliervilie."  Upon  tiiis  Chub!)  surrendered  and  tiie  French 
demolished  the  fort.  Hutchinson,  II,  88  to  90.  Mather, 
Mapnalia,  II,  549,  says,  that  the  fort  contained  "  95  men 
double  armed  which  niifi;ht  have  defended  it  against  nine 
times  as  many  a^^sailants."  Ciuibb  lived  at  Amlover,  where 
in  February  foliowinj;  he  was  killed  by  a  small  party  of 
about  .SO  Indians,  who  fell  upon  the  place.     111.  554. 

•  Desert  it  should  be.  A  very  larf^e  l^!and  covering  the 
area  of  about  IHO  s^piare  miles,  and  lu'ariy  all  tlie  waters  of 
the  bay  of  Fundy  or  Frenchman's  bay.  It  was  named  Monts 
Deserts  by  Chatiiplain,  in  honour,  perhaps,  of  I)e  Monts 
with  whom  he  iiid  formerly  sailed.  It  was  once  called  Mt. 
Mansell  by  the  F.nglisli,  which.  Mr.  Savat;e  (in  Wiiithrop, 
I,  'i3)  thinks  v^iis  so  called  in  lumour  of  Sir  Robert  Mansell 
named  in  the  u;reat  Charter. 

t  There  were  two  men  of  war  note  at  Boston,  which  with 
gome  other  \essels  were  sent  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy  and 
rauK'  in  sight  of  them,  but  etl'ected  nothing.  Hutchinson, 
11,91. 

I  Bartholomew  fiidney,  one  of  the  judges  of  1G9"2,  whose 
Qsuuc  is  sullicientlv  per^>eluated  in  CalePs  "  More  Wonders 


FUKNCII  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


221 


York,  to  l)r  sissistiii;;;  for  tin;  (h^fenrc  of  tliose  pincos,* 
who  iriiw  lliciii  a  <j;oo(l  coiiirncnd  for  tlirir  r(!ii(ly  und 
williiif^  servicM's  (Ioik;  ;  in  sco'iting  aiul  tlio  like. 

Iiyiii<^  at  I'lscataciua  with  iht-  r(!st  of  our  foices 
nrar  a  week,  waiting  for  in<»r(r  forces  who  were  to 
join  tht-iii,  to  make  up  tlu^ir  conipli'uinit.f  In  all 
which  tinw!  heard  ni.'Ver  a  word  of  the  man  of  war. 
On  the  Iwentysecond  of  Au^^ust,  they  all  embarked 
ffromj'  l'i>cataqua.  And  when  they  came  a^^jiinst 
York,  the  Major  wcint  ashore,  sending  Captain  (lor- 
ham|  w  itii  somt;  forces  in  two  l)rigantin(!s  and  a  sloop, 
to  W'iiiterharhour.  Ordering  him  to  send  out  s.:outs, 
to  see  if  they  could  make  any  discovery  of  the  ene- 
my, and  to  wait  lUv.rv  till  he  came  to  them. 

Major  Church  conung  to  York,  Colonel  Gidnoy 
told  iiim,  [that]  his  opinion  was,  that  the  enemy  was 
drawn  olV  from  those  parts  ;  for  that  the  scouts  could 
not  discoviT  any  of  them,  nor  th(!ir  tracks.  So  hav- 
ing done  his  hiisiaess  there,  went  witn  w.'iat  forces  he 
had  there,  to  \V  inter!iirI)our,  where  he  had  the  same 
account  from  (Japtain  florham,  [viz.,]  that  they  had 
not  discovered  any  of  the  enemy,  nor  any  new  tracks. 
So,  concluding  [that]  they  were  gone  from  those 
parts  towarl-  Penobscot,  ihe  Major  ordered  I'.l  the 
vessel      ,1  come  to  sail,  and  make  the  best  of  their 

1  [for] 

ofth"  Itivisihlo  VVorltl."  Up  was  an  associatr  wilh  Haw- 
Hiorti,  and  r»i\viii.  Id  pxocutiiif;  lliolavvs  against  witchcraft. 
Small  tiirio  lia'<  li^cn  s)>rnt  for  more  infsriiiation  of  him,  and 
as  little  ha«  been  found. 

•  Tli<^  Freni  h  were  exi)ected  to  make  other  attempts 
along  the  coa  t,  whiih  tliey  threatened  after  llieir  success  at 
Penimatjuid. 

t  Tlieir  wliole  force,  it  appears  from  Hutchinson,  II,  91, 
was  5fK)  men. 

f  Captain  John  Govham  seems  from  thi<  time  through  this 
and  Ihe  other  espeditions  to  have  acud  a  CdOspiouuus  pait. 
J  liave  found  no  other  accounts  of  hiiu. 


(in 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN   WARS. 


223 


Getting  up  to  Mathebestucks  hills,  [aiui]  day  com- 
ing on,  landed  and   hid  their  boats;  looking  out  for 
the  enemy,  as  the  day  before,  but  to  little  purpose. 
Night  coming  on,  to  their  oars  again,  working  very 
hard;  turned  night  into  day,  [whieh]  made  several 
ot  their  new  soldiers   grumble.     But   telling    them 
[that]  they  hoped  to  come  uptjuickly  with  the  enemy 
put  new  life  into  them.    By  dayligiit  they  gf)t  into  tiie 
mouth  of  the  river,  where  landing,  found  many  ren- 
dezvous, and  fireplaces,  where  the  Indians  had  been  ; 
but  at  the  same   space  of  time  as   beforementioned. 
And  no  canoes  passed  up  the  river  that  day.     Their 
pilot,  Joseph  York,*   informed   the  Major,   that  fifty 
or  sixty  miles  up  that  river,atthe  great  falls,  the  ene- 
my had   a  great  rendezvous,  and   planted   a   great 
quantity  of  corn,  when  he  was  a  prisoner  with  them, 
four  years  ago ;  and  that  he  was  very  well  acquaint- 
ed there.     This  gave  great  encouragement  to  have 
had  some   considerable  advantage    of  the  enemy  at 
that  place. 

So  using  their  utmost  endeavours  to  get  up  there 
undiscovered.  Antl  coming  there  found  no  enemy, 
nor  corn  j)lanted  ;  they  having  deserted  the  place. 
And  ranging  about  the  falls  on  both  sides  of  the  river, 
leaving  men  on  the  east  side  of  the  said  river,  and 
the  boats  just  below  the  falls,  with  a  good  guard  to 
secure  them,  and  to  take  the  enemy  if  they  came 
down  the  river  in  their  canoes.  The  west  side  being 
the  place  where  the  enemy  lived  and  best  to  travel 
on,  they  resolved  to  range  as  privately  as  they  could. 
A  mile  or  two  aline  the  falls,  [they]  discovered  a 
birch  canoe  coming  down  with  two  Indians  in  it. 
The  Major  sent  word  inunediatcly  back  to  those  at 
the  falls,  to  lie  very  close,  and  let  them  pass  down 
the  falls,  and  to  take  them  alive,  that  he  might  have 
intelligence  where  the  enemy  were,   (which  would 

»  York  (trnbalily  bolon^pil  here,  for  it  appears  from  StiUi- 
van,14fi.  that  persons  of  lliis  name  were  among  the  earlj/ 
proprietors  of  the  lands  of  Kennebeck. 


I 


[^ 


'J 


224 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


have  been  a  great  advantage  to  them.)  But  a  foolish 
soldier  seeing  them  pass  by  him,  shot  at  th'jm,  con- 
trary to  orders  given,  which  prevented  tliem  [from] 
going  into  the  ambuscade,  that  was  laid  for  tJiem. 
Whereupon  several  more  of  our  men  being  near, 
shot  at  tiicm.  So  that  one  of  them  could  not  stand 
when  he  got  ashore,  but  crept  away  into  the  brush. 
The  other  stepped  out  of  the  canoe  with  his  pa<ldlo 
in  his  hand,  and  ran  about  a  rod  and  then  tiirew  down 
iiis  paddle,  and  turned  back  and  took  up  his  gun, 
and  so  escaped.  One  of  our  Indians  swam  over  the 
river,  and  fetched  the  canoe,  wherein  was  a  consider- 
able quantity  of  blood  on  the  seats  that  the  Indians 
sat  on,  [andj  the  canoe  had  several  holes  shot  in  her. 
They  stopped  the  holes,  and  then  Captain  Rrack(!t* 
with  an  Indian  soldier,  went  over  the  river,  [andJ' 
tracked  them  by  the  blood  about  half  a  mile,  [where 
tiiey]  found  his  gun,  took  it  up  and  seeing  the  blood 
no  further,  concluded  that  he  stopped  [it,]**  and  so 
got  away. 

In  the  mean  time,  another  canoe  with  three  men 
were  coming  down  the  river,  [and  being]*"'  fired  at 
by  some  of  our  forces,  ran  ashore,  and  left  two  of 
their  guns  in  the  canoe,  which  were  taken ;  and  al- 
so a  letter  fiom  a  priest  to  Casteen,  [giving]^  him  an 
account  of  the  French  and  Indians  returning  over 
the  lake  to  Mountroyal,t  and  of  their  little  service 
done  u])on  the  MiKiuar  J  Indians  westward  ;  only  de- 
'  [who]       2  [his  blood]       3  [were]       "*  [that  gave] 

•  The  same  person  mentioned  at  page  166. 
t  Montreal. 

I  'I'his  was  the  name  given  hv  the  Dutch  to  the  Fivena- 
tioiis  ol"  Indians.  See  N.  Y.  Hi'-t.  Soe.  Col.  11,  -14.  By  (he 
French  tiiey  were  called  Iroi|uois,  lietween  whom  iherr  wars 
were  almost  perjietTial.  An  account  of  what  is  hinted  at  in 
the  text  may  iie  seen  in  Smith's  Newyork,  147,  1-49,  ami  N. 
Y.  Hist.  Soe.  Col.  II,  67,  (iS.  Th"  exprdition  was  executed 
under  count  De  Fronlcnac  now  (1096)  Governour  of  (-'ana- 
da.  He  had  assembled  a  u;reat  bo  ly  of  his  friend  Indians 
from  dirt'erent  nations,  which  he  joined  with  two  battalions 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


225 


mnlishing  one  fort,  and  cutting  down  some  corn, 
&.C.  He  desiring  to  liear  of  the  proceedings  of  Dc- 
borahucl,  and  the  Frencli  man  of  war.  And  inform- 
ed him  that  tliere  were  several  canoes  coming  with 
workmen  from  Quebcck,  to  St.  Johns.*  Where 
since,  we  concluded,  it  was  to  build  a  fort  at  the 
river's  mouth,  when  the  great  guns  were  taken,  &c. 
It  being  just  night,  the  officers  were  called  to- 
gether to  advise,  and  their  pilot,  York,  informed 
them  of  a  fort  up  that  river,  and  that  it  was  built  on 
a  little  island  in  that  river;  and  that  there  was  no 
getting  to  it,  but  in  canoes,  or  on  the  ice  in  the 
winter  time.  This  with  the  certain  knowledge  that 
we  were  discovered  by  the  enemy  that  escaped  out 
of  the  upper  canoe,  concluJed  it  not  proper,  at  that 
time,  to  proceed  any  further  up;  and  that  there  was 
no  getting  any  further  with  our  boats  ;  and  the  ene- 
my being  alarmed,  would  certainly  fly  from  them 
(and  do  as  they  did  four  years  ago  at  their  fort  at 
'J'ueonock.  Having  fought  them  in  Kennebeck  river, 
and  pursued  them  about  thirty  miles  to  Taconock, 
they  then  set  their  fort  on  fire,  and  ran  away  by  the 
light  of  it,  ours  not  being  able  to  come  up  with  them 
at  that  place.) 

of  regulars.  Tliey  left  Montreal  about  the  first  of  J\ily,  and 
with  the  greatest  difficulty  penetrated  about  200  miles  into 
the  wililerness.  Nothing  was  efi'ected  by  this  great  army, 
but  the  burning  of  a  few  Indian  luUs,  and  torturing  a  few 
prisoners.  One  cirtumstatu'e  of  the  latter,  as  a  striking  ex- 
ample of  magnanimity,  on  the  one  side,  and  more  than  sav 
age  barbarity  on  the  other,  shall  be  related.  On  the  ap- 
proach of  the  Count  with  his  army  to  an  Indian  town,  it  was 
de-erted  by  all  its  inhabitants,  except  an  aged  chief,  of  near 
100  yours.  He  was  immediately  put  to  torment.  One 
stalilied  him  with  a  knife,  at  which  he  exclaimed,  "  You  had 
belter  make  me  die  by  lire,  that  these  F  rench  dogs  may  learn 
how  to  sud'er  like  men,"  &,c.  He  continued  firm  until  he 
e\|iired  under  the  most  excruciating  torture  that  could  be 
invented, 

*  At  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Johns,  in  what  is  now  N. 
Brunswick, 


m 


mi  ii 


% 


K      !.'> 


226 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


Major  Church  tlten  eric,  'urajfiiig  his  solduirs,  told 
them,  [lluitj  ht'  hojx.'d  thty  shiudd  inoet  with  pi.ri  nf 
the  eiitiiiy  in  Penobscot  Lviy,  or  at  Mountdc^urt 
where  the  French  ships  were.  So,  iiotuit':standiii!| 
they  had  been  rowing  several  nights  before,  with 
much  toil,  besides  were  short  of  provisions,  they 
cheerfully  embarked  on  boiird  tlieir  boats,  und  went 
down  the  river  both  with  and  against  the  tivle.  And 
next  Hiorning  came  to  their  vessels,  where  the  Major 
had  ordered  them  to  meet  ium,  who  could  give  him 
no  intelligence  of  any  enemy.  Where  being  come 
they  refreshed  themselves.  Meeting  then  with  ano- 
ther disap|)ointment ;  for  their  pilot,  York,  not  be- 
ing ac(juainted  any  further,  they  began  to  lament 
the  loss  of  one  Pcobert  Cawley,  whom  they  ehielly 
d(;pended  on  for  all  the  service  to  be  done  now 
castwaril.  He  having  been  taken  away  from  them 
the  night  bcfcjre  they  set  sail  from  Boston  (and  was 
on  board  Mr.  Thoip's  sloop)  and  put  on  board  tlie 
man  of  war  unknown  to  Major  Church,  notwithstand- 
ing he  had  been  at  the  trouble  and  charge  of  pro- 
curing him.  Tiien  the  Major  was  obliged  to  one 
Bord,*  [)rocure'd  by  Mr.  William  Alden,  who  being 
acquainted  in  those  j)arts,  to  leave  his  vessel,  and 
go  witli  !iim  in  the  boats,  which  he  readily  complied 
with,  and  so  went  to  Nasketf  point,  where  being  in- 
formed was  a  likely  place  to  meet  the  enemy.  Com- 
ing there,  found  several  house's  and  small  fields  of 
corn,  the  fires  having  been  out  several  days,  and  no 
new  tracks.  But  ujion  Penobscot  island  they  found 
Bcveral  Indian  house-,  corn  and  turnips.  'I'houijh 
the  enemy  still  being  alt  gone,  as  beforemeiitioiu<l. 

Then  they  divided,  and  sent  their  boats  some  one 
way,  and  some  anotlier.  thi'  '  ing,  that  if  any  strag- 
gling Indians,  or  Casteen  himself,  slu)uld  be  there- 

•  Tli;^  name  ol"  IJord  or  nitlicr  Boail  as  Sullivan  has  it,  is 
found  among  thn  first  inhabitants  of  Sai'o.  Hist.  Maine,  218. 

t  Or  Nauseas,  in  the  town  of  Woolwich  on  the  east  side  oi 
the  Kennebec k. 


FRKNCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


227 


al)i»ul,  llicy  iniglit  liinl  tlictn,  !)Ut  it  proved  all  in 
vain,  liimst'll"  and  soveral  boats  went  to  Mouiitde- 
sait,  to  see  if  the  French  ships  \V(!ie  gone,  and 
whe'her  any  of  tlie  enemy  might  be  there,  but  to  no 
purpose  ;  tlie  ships  being  gone  and  tiie  enemy  also. 
Thev  being  now  got  several  leagues  to  the  westward 
of  their  vessels,  and  seeing  that  the  way  was  clear 
for  their  vessels  to  pass ;  and  all  their  extreme  row- 
ing, and  travelling  by  land  and  wate.,  night  and  day, 
to  be  all  in  vain.  (The  enemy  having  left  those 
jiarts  as  they  judged,  about  eight  or  ten  days  before.) 
And  then  returning  to  their  vessels,  the  commander 
calling  all  his  oflirers  tog(;fher,  to  consult  and  re- 
solve what  to  do;  concluding  that  the  enemy,  by 
some  means  or  other,  had  received  some  intelligence 
of  their  being  come  out  against  them;  and  that  tiiey 
were  in  no  necessity  to  come  down  to  the  sea  side 
as  yet,  moose  and  beaver  now  being  fat. 

'J'hey  then  agreed  to  go  so  far  east,  and  employ 
themselves,  tliat  the  enemy  belonging  to  these  parts, 
migiit  think  [that]  they  were  gone  iiome.  Having 
some  discourse  about  going  over  to  St.  Johns.  But 
the  masters  of  the  vessels  said,  [that]  [theyj'  had  as 
good  carry  them  to  old  France,  &c.,  whicii  put  off 
that  design.  (They  concluding  that  the  F;  v^nch  ships 
were  there.)  Then  the  Major  moved  for  going  over 
the  bay  towards  Lahane,*  and  towards  the  gut  of 
Cancer,!  where  was  another  considerable  fort  of  In- 
dians, who  often  came  to  the  assistance  of  our  ene- 
my, the  barbarous  Indians.  Saying,  tiiat  by  the 
time  they  should  r(!turn  again,  the  enemy  belonging 
to  these  parts  woidd  come  down  again,  expecting 
that  we  were  gone;  home.  But  in  short,  could  not 
prevail  with  the  inasters  of  the  open  sloops  to  ven- 

_  __________  1^*1!^__ 

•  Tills  name  is  sjx'lt  Laylionti  in  a  succrcdJng  page. 

t  Pro]ioily,  Canct'au,  and  pvnnouncoil  Canso.  It  is  the 
Btrait  itctwnen  Ci|)('  nrrtoii  i-i'iand  and  Novascoiia  connect- 
ing the  Atlantic  with  the  gulf  ol"  St.  Lawrence. 


:4      'ry-.l 


I 


II 


r] 


1 

'■    1 

1 

A 

1 

■ 

1 

^    t  i 

^ . 


338 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAUS. 


tui^  across  the  bay.*  [Tlicy]'  siiid  [that]  it  was 
very  dangerous  so  late  in  the  year,  and  as  much  as 
their  lives  were  worth,  &c. 

Then  they  ronchided  and  resolved  to  go  to  Se- 
nactaca,f  wherein  there  was  a  ready  com|iliancc. 
(But  the  want  of  their  pilot,  Robert  Cawlcv,  was  a 
groat  damage  to  them,  who  knew  all  those  parts.) 
However,  Mr.  John  Alden,  master  of  the  brigantine  En- 
deavour, piloted  them  up  the  bay  to  Senactuca.  And 
coming  to  (rrinstoncl  point,  b(;ing  not  far  from  Se- 
nactaoa,  then  came  to,  with  all  tiie  vessels,  and  ear- 
ly next  morning  came;  to  sail,  and  about  sunrise  got 
into  town.  But  it  being  so  late  before  we  landeii, 
that  the  ene^ny,  most  of  them,  made  tlieir  escape. 
And  as  it  happened  [w(!]  landed  wliere  th(;  Trench 
and  Indians  had  son)e  time  before  killed  Lieutenant 
John  Paine, ^y  and  several  of  Captain  Smithson's  men, 
that  were  with  said  Paine.  They  seeing  our  foi<;es 
coujing,  took  the  opportunity,  fired  several  guns, 
and  so  ran  all  into  the  woods,  [and]  carried  all  or 
most  part  of  their  goods  with  them.  One  Jarman 
Bridgwayll  cume  running  towards  our  forces,  with  a 

1  [whr] 


•  Ray  of  Fundy. 

tTliis,  I  prrsuiTip,  is  nhat  is  calloil  Sij^norto  in  Gov.  Dml- 
Ipv's  instructions  to  Col  Church  Ibrtlie  tifth  oxpcdition.  It 
is  since  written  Chij^necto,  ami  is  thf  northern  arm  of  the 
bay  hftwi'cn  Nova^cotia  and  Newhrunswiclv.  Hrr.Tthp  tide 
rise*  and  falls  GO  feet. 

I  I  siipjio'-e  the  reader  wonid  got  over  this  word  hotter, 
wore  it  spelt  hrtlrr.  But  the  alteration  would  he  nnniaU'iial, 
as  it  is  the  name  of  a  place. 

§  The   same,  I  presume,   who,  in    l()7t)-7,   as  i-led    Major 
WaMron   in    settling   a  treaty  with   the   oatein    liiliaiis.      I 
learn  no    more   of  him  than  is  found  in  .M : .  Huld)ard's  Nar 
819,  &c.     Of  Smilh-oi.  I  learn  nothing. 

IJ  Charlevoix,  who  v.'as  hotter  ar(iuainted  with  French 
names  than  our  author,  calls  him  l}nur.ie'>is.  Me  was  one 
of  the  principal  iidr.ihilants  of  ( he  place.  See  Hi^l.  IVIa«.  II. 
9-2,  9.'».  Hull  hinoiK  id., says,  tiiat  ''(^iuircdi  calU  him  Bridg- 
man.'*  Perlia[)s  he  did  in  iiis  dcspatclies,  but  it  is  not  so 
spelt  in  my  copy. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WA«S. 


229 


gun  in  one  hand,  and  his  cartridge  box  in  the  otiier, 
[and]  calling  to  our  forces  to  stop,  that   he  might 
speak  with  them.     But  Major  Church  thinking  [that 
this]'  was  [done]  that  they  n»igl!t  have  some  advan- 
tage,   ordered    them    to   run   on.     When    the    said 
Bridgvvay  saw  [ihat]   they  would  not   stop,  turned 
and  rail.     But  the  Major  called  unto  him,  and  bid 
him  stop,  or  he  sliould  be  shot  down.     Some  of  our 
forces  being  near  to  the  said  Bridgvvay,  said,  [that] 
it  was  the  General  that  called  to  him.     He  hearing 
that,  stopped  and  turned  about,  laying  down  his  gun, 
stood,  till  the  Major  came  up  to  him.     His  desire 
was,  that  the   commander  would  make   haste   with 
him  to  his  house,  lest  the  savages*  should  kill  his 
father  and  mother,  who  were  upward  of  four  score 
vears  of  age,  and  could  not  go.     The  Major  asked 
iiie  said  Bridgvvay  whether  there  were   any  Indians 
amongst  them,  and  where  they  lived?   He  sliaked 
his  head,  and  said,  he   durst  not  tell,  for  if  he  did, 
they  would  take  an   opportunity,  and  kill   him  and 
his.     So  all  that  could  be  got  out  of  him  was,  that 
they  were  run  into  the  woods  with  the  rest. 

Tliien  orders  were  given  to  pursue  the  enemy, 
and  to  kill  what  Indians  they  could  find,  and  take 
the  French  alive,  and  give  them  quarter  if  they  ask- 
ed it. 

Our  forces  soon  took  three  Frenchmen,  who,  up- 
on examination,  said,  that  the  Indians  were  all  run 
into  the  woods.  The  French  firing  several  guns, 
and  ours  at  them.  But  they  being  better  accjuain- 
led  with  the  woods  tlian  ours,  got  away.  The  Ma- 
jor took  the  abovesaid  Jarman  Bridgvvay  for  api'ot, 
and  with  some  of  his  forces  went  over  a  river:  to 
several  of  their  houses,  but  the  people  were  gone, 
and  [had]  carried  their  goods  with  tliem.  In  rang- 
ing the  woods  [tliey]   found  several  Indian  houses, 

Uit] 

•  Church's  savages. 


'fm 


230 


FUF.NCtI   AM)   INDIAN   \VAI{!S. 


I 


their  fires  Ix-iii^  just  out,  IhiI  no  ln<liiMis.  S|)(iiiliii!| 
thiit  (lay  in  rini<jiii;i[  to  and  iVo,  louiid  considrrahle 
of  tlit-ir  <j;oods,  and  hut  few  people.  At  niiilit  tlie 
Major  wrote  a  letter,  aed  sent  out  two  Frencli  |)ri- 
soners,  wiierein  was  si<j;nilied,  tliat  if  t'lev  woidtl 
come  in,  they  should  have  jjoxl  {|uarters.  Tho 
next  day  several  (•anj(>  in,  which  did  heloii'j;  to 
that  part  of  tlu;  town  where  our  forces  lirst  land- 
ed, [audj'  had  encour  lyenients  {riven  them  hy 
our  commander,  [viz.,]  that  if  tlx-y  would  assist 
him    in    takinj^    thos(>    Indians,   which    heloiiiied    to 


thosi!     parts,    uicy    sliouid    have     their    frot.ds    re- 


th 


d. 


turn<'d    to    them    ana 


m, 


and 


tl 


leir    estates    shou 


Id 


not    he    demniiied ;     [hutj'"*    they  refused.*      Then 
the    Major   and   his    forces    pursued    their  design. f 


[who] 


[which] 


•  What  Hntfhuison,  II,  92,  ohsorvps  roncprninp  tliis  vrry 
srvorc  rt'<|iiisiiion,  is  too  jii-t  to  l)o  ntinoticpil.  "  Tins  was  a 
hiird   condition,  ami    in  eHpct,   olili^in;;   tlioin  to  (jnil  their 


country  ;  tor  otlicrwisc,  as  soon  as  tlic  Enn;lish  had  li-l'l  thiMii 
wifliotit  sntficipnt  protection,  the  inconsed  Indians  would 
have  iV!!  upon  them  without  mercy." 

t  "Charlevoix  says,  (in  Hist.  Mas.  M,  9-2,  9,S,)  that  Rour- 
gpois  produced  a  writnifj,  l)y  wiiicii  Sir  William  I'hips  iiad 
piven  assurances  of  protection  to  the  inhahitants  oi"("hi<;nec- 
to,\vlHlst  Ihey  remained  faithful  suhjects  of  Kin^  William; 
and  that  Church  p;ave  ordei'slhat  nolhins  in  their  houses, 
&(•.,  shoidd  l)e  touched  ;  hut  whilst  he  was  ent.'riained  hy 
Hour^eois,  together  Avith  the  pi'inci|);>l  oUicers,  the  res*  of  thn 
army  dispersed  themselves  amonu;  I  lie  oth,?"-  houses  and  lie- 
haved  as  if  they  iiad  l)een  in  a  conijuereil  country."  And, 
"  that  many  of  the  inhahitants,  not  trustinj;  to  I'm-  promises 
of  the  (ieneral  [(/Imrcli]  refused  to  come  in,  and  that  it  was 
very  well  they  did  ;  for  soon  after  he  hro'.e  throu^jh  all 
bounds',  ami  left  only  the  church  and  a  few  houses  and  hams 
Ktandinu;  ;  and  havini;  discovered,  posted  up  in  the  church, 
an  order  of  Fro'ilenac,  the  (lovernour  of  Canada,  for  the  re- 
puiation  of  trade,  he  threatened  to  treat  them  as  rehels,  set 
fire  to  the  church,  and  the  housr-s  which  he  had  spared  and 
which  were  now  all  reduced  lo  ashes  ;  and  havinpr  d  ine  this, 
he  presented  a  wriliii'^  which  he  told  them  was  an  ackaowl- 
ed;;('ment  of  their  havinji  renewed  their  suhjectioM  to  Kin^ 
William,  a'u!  would  he  a  security  to  I  hem  in  case  any  fc'.njr- 
lish  should  again  land  among  then.."     Before  regurdiiig  thit> 


FllENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


231 


And  wont  further  ran;fiiig  tlioir  country,  fi)un(l  seve- 
ral more  houses,  but  tin;  ])co])U;  [had]  Hed,  and  car- 
ried what  tliey  had  away.  But  in  a  creek  [tliey] 
found  a  prize  haik,  that  was  hrougiit  in  there  by  a 
I'reneh  privateer.  In  ranj^ing  the  woods,  took  some 
})risoner3,  vvlio  upon  examination  gave  our  comman- 
der an  account,  tliat  th(;re  were  some  Indians  upon 
a  neck  of  huid,  towards  M(!nis.* 

So  a  party  of  men  Wiis  sent  into  those  woods.  In 
their  ranging  about  the  said  neck,  found  some  phin- 
dcr,  and  a  considerable  (juantity  of  whortleberries, 
both  green  and  dry,  which  were  gathered  by  the  In- 
dians. [They]'  had  like  to  have  taken  tw(j  Indians; 
[betj''  by  the  help  of  a  birch  canoe  [tlu^y]  got  (jver 
th(!  river,  and  made  their  escape.  Also  they  found 
two  barrels  of  powder,  and  near  half  a  bushel  of  bul- 
lets. The  French  denying  [themP  to  be  theirs,  [and] 
said  [that]  they  were  the  savages;  but  sure  it  might 
l»e  a  supply  for  our  enemies.  Also,  they  took  from 
Jarman  liridgway  several  barrels  of  powder,  with 
bullets,  shot,  spears  and  knives,  and  other  supplies 
to  relieve  our  enemies.  He  owned  that  Ik;  had  bi;en 
trading  with  those  Indians  along  Cape  Sablef  sliori;, 
with  Peter  Assnow ;  and,  that  lliere  he  met  with  the 
French  ships,  and  went  along  with  them  to  St.  Johns, 
and  helped  them  to  uidoad  the  said  ships,  and  car- 
ried up  the  river  provisions,  ammunition  and  other 
goods  to  V^ilboon's  fort. J 

The    Major  having   ranged  all    places   that  were 
thought  proper,   returned   back  to  the  place  where 
1  [and]  2  [who]  3  [it] 

account  as  perfectly  correct,  it  should  he  rcncmhered  that 
the  Jf-yuit  Cliarlevoix  ever  jiortrays  the  affairs  of  the  French 
in  aiuiahl"  colours. 

•  On  a  l>asin  of  the  east  arm  of  the  bay  between  Novasco 
tia  and  Newbrun^wick.  Morse  spells  the  word  two  ways 
viz,,  Mines  and  Miiuis. 

t  The  southwest  point  of  Novascotia. 

J  This  fort  was  upon  the  river  St.  Johns. 


I 


i! 


1 1,  f  I 


1 1  III 


I 


11 


i 

i 

1 

1 

'  f 

i 

> 

ii 

i 

V 

1 

'  1 

1 

a 

■  1 

i  if 

■'     •»! 

■ 

m   ffi 

rF 


233 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


thoy  first  laruh;<l.  And  finiliiiij;  several  prisoners  come 
in,  wlu)  were  troubled  to  see'  their  cattle,  slieep.  hit'^n 
and  dogs  lying  ileiid  about  their  houses,  chopjxMl  ntid 
hacked  with  luitchets,  (whieli  was  done  without  order 
from  the  Major.)  However,  he  tohl  them,  [thatj  it 
was  nothing  to  vvliat  our  poor  Knglish,  in  our  frontier 
towns,  were  forced  to  look  upon.  For  men,  women 
and  chihlren  were  chopped  and  hacked  so,  iuid  left 
half  dead,  with  all  their  scalps  taken  off;  and  tdat 
they  and  their  Indians  served  ours  so;  and  our  sava- 
ges would  be  glad  to  s(>rve  thetn  so  too,  if  he  would 
permit  them,  which  caused  them  to  be  mighty  sub- 
missive. And  [tht>)  J  beirgcd  the;  Major  that  he  would 
not  let  the  savages  serve  them  so. 

Our  Indians  l)eing  somewhat  sensible  of  the  dis- 
course, desired  to  have  some  of  them  to  roast,  and  so 
to  make  a  dance.  And  dancing  in  u  hideous  man- 
ner,  to  terrify  them,  said,  that  they  could  eat  any 
sort  of  tlesh,  and  that  some  of  theirs  wouhl  make 
their  hearts  strong.  [And]  stepping  up  to  some  of 
the  prisoners,  said  that  they  nuist  have  their  scalps, 
which  much  terrified  the  poor  prisoners,  who  begged 
for  their  lives.  The  Major  told  them  [that]  he  did 
not  design  the  savages  should  hurt  them  ;  but  it  was 
to  let  them  see  a  little  what  the  poor  Mnglish  fell, 
saying,  [that]  it  was  not  their  scalps  [that]  he  want- 
ed, but  the  savages;  for  he  should  get  nothing  bv 
them  ;  and  told  them,  that  their  fathers,  the  friars  and 
Governours  encouraged  their  savages,  and  gave  them 
money  to  scalp  our  English,  notwithstanding  they 
were  with  them,  which  several  of  our  F-lriglish,  there 
present,  did  testify  to  their  faces,  thai  their  fathers 
and  mothers  were  served  so  in  their  sight. 

But  th(>  Major  bid  them  teil  their  fathers,  (the  fri- 
ars and  (lovernours,)  that  if  they  still  persisted,  and 
let  their  wn-tched  savages  kill  and  destroy  the  poor 
English  at  that  rjite,  he  would  come  w  ith  some  Iiun- 
dreds  of  savages,  and  let  them  loose  amongst  them, 
who  would  kill,  scalp,  and  carry  away  every  French 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAUS. 


233 


person  in  all  those  parts  ;  for  tlicy  were  the  root  from 
wlicnce  all  llio  l)ranc,li«:s  came,  that  hurt  us.  For 
the  Indians  could  not  do  ns  any  harm,  if  tlu^y  [fhti 
Irciich]  did  not  relieve  and  supply  them.  Tho 
French  being  sensilth;  of  tlie  Major's  kindness  to 
them,  kissed  his  hand,  and  were  v  Ty  thankful  li»  him 
for  his  favour  to  th< m  in  saving  their  liv(!H.  ['IhcyJ 
owned  timt  their  pri«,'st8*  were  at  the  taking  of  Peme- 
(juid  fort,  and  \"('re  now  gone  to  Layhone,  with  some 
of  thelndians,  to  meet  the  French  ships,  but  for  what, 
they  would  not  tell. 

'J'he  commander,  with  his  forces,  having  done  all 
they  could  in  those  parts,  concluded  to  go  to  SL 
Johns  river,  t'>  do  further  service  for  their  King  anil 
country ;  [soj  embarked  all  on  board  their  trans- 
ports.]- And  having  a  f.iir  wind,  soon  got  \o  IMono- 
genest,|  which  lies  a  little  distance  from  the  mouth 
of  St.  Johns  river. 

Next  morning  early,  the  Major  with  his  forces, 
landed  to  see  wliat  discovery  they  could  make  ;  [so 
they]  travelled  across  the  woods  to  the  old  fort  or 
fails  at  the  moulh  of  St.  Johns  river,  keeping  them- 
selves undiscovered  from  the  enemy.  Finding  thft 
there  were  several  men  at  work,  and  having  informed 
themselves  as  much  as  thev  could,  (the  enemy  being 
on  tlie  otlii'r  side  of  the  river,  coultl  not  conu;  at 
liiem)  returned  back.  But  night  coming  on,  and 
dark  wet  weather,  with  bad  travelling,  were  obliged 
to  stop  in  the  woods  till  towards  next  day  morning, 
and  then  went  on  board. 

Soon  after  the  Major  ordered  all  the  vessels  to 
conw!  to  sail,  and  go  into  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
[Tint]  being  done,  it  was  not  long  before  the  Major 
and  his  forivs  landed  on  the  east  side  of  the  river, 
the  French   firing   briskly  at  them,  but  did  them  no 

*  Castine  was  tncutioned  as  being  there.  See  note,  page 
219. 

t  On  llir  20  Spiiloiuhor. 

j  On  the  north  side  of  the  river. 


234 


FIIENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


I , 


I' 


i: 

f. 

I 

'.  1  S 


hiirm.  And  riiiiniiig  fiercely  upon  tlir  oiicniy,  they 
Boon  fled  into  the  woods.  TIil;  KI ait »r  ordered  a  brisK 
party  to  run  across  u  neek  to  ent  ifienj  oil"  from  tlieir 
canoes,  uliicli  the  (hiy  l)e(()r(!  they  had  made  a  dis- 
covery of.  So  th(!  eommanch'r,  with  iht;  rest,  ran 
directly  towards  the  new  fort  [that]  they  were  l)uihi- 
in^,  not  knowing  l»iit  [that]  they  had  sonieordi  aiici; 
nionnted.  'I'he  enemy  runnin<j;  directly  to  thei.  ca- 
noes, were  met  by  our  for(;(;s,  who  fired  at  them  and 
killed  one,  and  wounded  Corporal  Canton,  who  was 


taken.      The  restth 


rew  down  wlia 


t  th 


y  had,  and  ran 


into  the  woods.  TJie  said  prisoner.  Canton,  heini; 
i>tnnt'lit  to  the  Major,  told  him,  [tliatj  if  he  would 
let  his  surjfeon  dress  his  wound  uid  cure  h'm,  lie 
would  he  serviceahle  to  him  as  Ions,'  as  he  Tncd.  So 
l)ein<f  dressed,  he  was  examined.  [He]'  jjave  tlu! 
Major  an  account  of  the  twc  Ive  great  giuis  which 
.vere  hid  in  th»;  heach,  helow  high  water  mark. 
(TIk'  «'arriages,  shot,  and  winelbarrows,  some  lloiir 
and  pork,  all  hid  in  tin;  woods.) 

'i'he  ne.vt  mornin<j  the  ollicers  beinj;  all  orderid 
to  meet  together,  to  consult  about  going  to  Vilboon's 
fort,  and  none  amongst  them  being  acMiuainted 
but  the  .Mdens.  who  said,  [that]  the  water  in  llit; 
river  was  very  h»w,  so  that  they  could  not  get  ii|>  to 
the  (i)rt;  and  the  prisoner.  Canton,  told  the  Com- 
mander, that  what  the  Ai<lens  said  was  true.  So 
not  being  willing  to  make  a  Canada  expedition,  con- 
cluded [thatj  it  was  not  practicable  to  proceed.* 
'Jlien  ordered  some  of  the  forces  to  get  the  gnat 
guns  on  board  the  open  sloo[)s,  and  the  rest  to  range 
the  woods  for  the  en» my.  who  took  one  prisoner  an<l 
br:>uuht  [him]  in.  ('I'heyJ-  in  their  ranging,  lound 
tli(  re  a  shallop,  hauled  in  a  creek.  And  a  day  or 
two  after  there  came  in  a  young  soldier  to  our  forces. 


[Who] 


[who] 


•  The  iinMiccosftil  atietTipt  on  (Jiifhf.-k  liy  Sir  Williiuii 
IMiip-,  which  was  iriHlntil  iihoiti\t' hy  the  lateness  ol"  the 
fceason. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAUS. 


2;i:> 


who  upon  f'\;unii)!iti«>ii,  rjavo  an  account  oftwoninro 
ulii.li  he  left  ill  tlu!  woods  iit  some  dislanrc.  So 
inirncdijitcly  llic  Major  with  sonio  of  his  forces  went 
in  pursuit  of  tliciii,  liikin^r  tlu;  sai(i  prisoner  with 
thcin.  who  conveyed  tlieiii  to  tlie  place  where  he  let\ 
theni,  l)ut  they  were  yone.  ['I'heyJ  then  asked  tho 
prisoner,  whether  there  were  any  Indians  in  tliose 
|)arts.'  [II,.)said  .\o.  [that]  it  was  as  hard  for  Vilh.. on, 
th "ir  (lovernour,  to  <ret  an  Indian  down  to  the  water 
side,  as  it  was  for  him  to  carr  one  of  tliose  frnnit 
KMUs  on  his  \y,\rk  to  his  fort.  For  tliey  hav  iiir  had 
intelJiiM  iK^e  hy  a  prisoner  out  of  Boston  j-  il,  that 
gav(!  them  an  account  of  Major  Clairch  ane.  his  for- 
ces comin;,'  out  aj,'ainst  tlieni. 

Now,  havii)<r  with  a  <,'real  deal  of  pains  and  tro  ;- 
|)le,  ^ot  all  the  ^pnis,  .shot,  and  other  stores  al)(<  trO, 
intended  [to  proctMMl]  on  our  design,  wlii''')  we  came 
out  first  for.  IJiit  the  wind  not  servin.,,  i;,o  com- 
mander sent  out  his  scouts  into  the  w<  xls  lo  seek 
for  the  en«.'my.  .  And  four  of  our  fndiiins  came  upon 
three  Frenchm(>n  midiscovered,  wiio  concluded,  that 
if  tile  Krencdi  should  discover  them,  [they]  would 
tire  at  them,  and  mi<iht  kill  one  or  more  of  them  ; 
which,  to  prevent,  fired  at  the  French,  killed  on(>, 
and  took  the  other  two  prisoners.  And  it  happened 
lliat  he  who  was  killed,  was  Shanelere,  the  chief 
man  there,  &c. 

"i  he  same  day  they  mended  their  whale  boats, 
and  the  shallop  which  they  took;  fittinsr  h(>r  to  row 
with  ei^rht  oars,  lliat  she  m-zht  be  helpfid  to  their 
prosecutinix  their  intended  rl«  i-m  aj^ainst  tho  enemy, 
in  their  ri'turnin^  homeward.  Then  tln^  commander 
orderinj;  all  the  officers  to  come  toi^ether,  informed 
them  of  his  intentions;  niul  ordered  that  no  vessels 
.should  depart  from  the  Meet,  but  to  attend  the  mo- 
tions of  their  Coipmodore,  as  formerly;  except  they 
were  parted  by  storms,  or  thick  foj?s.  And  if  so,  it 
should  JKij^pen  that  any  did  part,  when  they  came  to 


HP 


■I 


I  JL  'M        IS 


236 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


Passaine(iiiady,*  should  stop  there  awhile  ;  for 
tli(,'re  they  intended  to  stop  and  do  business,  with 
the  help  of  their  boats  a^^ainst  th(!  enemy.  And  if 
they  missed  that,  to  stop  at  Maehias,f  which  was 
the  next  place  [that]  he  intended  to  stop  at.  Hav- 
ing an  account  by  the  prisoners  taken  that  Mr.  Late- 
rilj  was  there,  a  tradin<^  with  the  Indians  in  the 
river.  [And]  encouragin«j;  them,  said,  [that]  he  did 
not  doubt  but  to  have  a  good  booty  there.  And  if 
they  siiould  i)ass  those  two  places,  be  sure  not  to  go 
past  Naskege5v  point ;  but  to  stop  there  till  he  came, 
and  not  to  depart  thence  in  a  fortniglit  witiiout  his 
order;: ;  having  great  service  to  do  in  and  about  Pe- 
nobscot, etc. 

Then  Major  Church  discoursed  with  Captain 
Bracket,  Captain  Ilunewcll,  and  Captain  T.arking, 
(with  their  Lieutenants)  commanders  of  tiie  forces, 
belonging  to  the  eastward  parts,  who  were  to  dis- 
course their  soldiers  about  tlieir  proceedings,  when 
they  came  to  Penobscot.  And  the  Major  himself 
was  to  (hscourse  his  Indian  soldiers,  and  their  Cap- 
tains, who  with  all  the  rest  readily  complied.  The 
projection  being  such,  tiiat  when  they  came  to  Pe- 
nobscot, the  commander  designed  to  take  what  pro- 

•  Boltorwritlfii  Pas«ammaqua(lily.  Coasters  call  it  Quotl- 
dy.  If  is  a  lippp  liay,  wliicJi  hcf^ins  the  separation  of  the 
British  iloininions  from  Maino. 

t  Tho  bay  of  Macliias  is  soparatotl  from  Passaiiimaquoildy 
l)V  Pleasant  [loiiil  on  tlio  west.  A  river  Hows  into  this  bay 
of  the  same  name,  on  which  is  th"  town  of  Machias. 

+  AVhoever  this  person  mie;ht  l)e,  we  liear  no  more  of  him, 
only  that  he  was  a  Frenchman.  an<l  hail  a  family  at  Mount- 
desert  ;  iiial  he  was  taken  in  the  last  expi'iiition  ;  ami  that 
his  name  was  o/(/ l-a1eril  or  Ldlriell  according  to  the  early 
writers  who  mention  him,  which  of  course,  was  all  they  knew 
al.'out  him. 

§  What  Sullivan  calls  Nausea^,  I  expect,  almost  u|)  to  the 
Kenneneck,  hut  on  the  east  side,  and  now  within  the  town 
of  Woolwich.  See  page  226,  of  this  history,  win  re  it  i^  spelt 
Naskct. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


237 


visions  could  be  spared  out  of  all  the  sloops,  and 
put  [it]  on  board  tlie  two  brigantiiics,  and  to  send 
all  the  sloops  home  with  s-onie  of  the  officers  and 
men  that  wanted  to  be  at  homo.  And  tlicn  w'uA 
those  forces  aforementioned,  to  wit,  the  eastward 
men,  and  all  the  Indians;  audio  taiio  what  provi- 
sions and  aniinunition  was  needful,  and  to  march 
with  himself  u|)  into  the  Penobscot  country,  in 
search  f)f  the  enemy,  and  if  posssible  to  take  that 
fort  in  Penobscot  river.  Captain  Bracket  informing 
the  Major,  that  when  the  water  was  low,  they  could 
wride  over,  which  was  at  that  time,  the  lowest  that 
had  been  known  in  a  long  time. 

And  being  there,  to  range  through  that  country 
down  to  Pemequid,  where  he  intended  [that]  the 
two  brigantines  should  meet  them  ;  and  from  thence 
taking  more  provisions,  viz.,  bread,  salt,  and  ammu- 
nition suitable  (to  send  those  two  vessels  home  also) 
to  travel  through  the  country  to  Nerigiwack,*  and 
from  tiience  to  Amerascogini  fort,  and  so  down 
where  the  enemy  used  to  plant.  Not  doubting  but 
that  in  all  this  travel  to  meet  with  many  of  the  ene- 
my before  they  should  get  to  Piscataqua.  All 
which  intentions  were  very  acceptable  to  the  forces 
that  were  to  undertake  it.  [And]'  rejoicing,  said, 
tl'.ey  had  rather  go  home  by  land  than  by  water, 
provided  their  commander  went  with  tliem.  [He,]'' 
to  try  their  fidelity,  said  [that]  he  was  grown  an- 
cient, and  might  fail  them.  [But]  they  all  said  they 
would  not  leave  him,  and  when  he  could  not  travel 
a:iy  further,  they  would  carry  him. 

Having  done  what  service  they  could,  at  and 
about  the  mouth  of  St.  .Fohns  river,  resolved  on  their 
1  [who]  2  [wlio] 

•  Norridff^wock.  This  name  has  hoen  siihjpct  to  almost 
as  many  mPthoilsof'iic'Uinfi;,  a^  its  nritrhhonv,  Amhosco^^jjtin. 
It  was  a;i  anciont  (■clphratcd  [mlian  town  on  the  Konnrheck 
rivor,  about  !*  I  iiiilos  Croin  its  mouth  hy  thf  course  oi  the  ri\er 
Sullivan,  SI,  32. 


238 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WAIIS. 


inloiulod  (U'sign.  And  the  next  HHirniiijj;,  having 
l)Ut  httlc  wind,  came  all  to  sail.  The  wind  coming 
a<j;ainst  thc-m  they  put  into  Mushcjiiasii  cove.  And 
the  next  day  tlie  wind  l)eing  still  against  tin  in,  the 
Ma'or  with  part  of  his  forces  landed,  and  einployc.'d 
themselves  in  ranging  the  country  for  the  enemy, 
but  to  no  purpose.  [Bi  t]*  in  the  night  the  wind 
came  pretty  fair,  and  at  twelve  o'clock  they  cume  to 
sail.  [They J-  had  not  been  out  long  before  they 
spied  three  sail  of  vessels;  expecting  tiiem  to  bo 
French,  fitted  to  flefend  themselves.  So  coming 
near,  hailed  them,  [and]'' found  them  to  be  a  man  of 
war,  the  province  galley,  and  old  Mr.  Alden"*  in  a 
sloop,  with  more  forces,  Colonel  Ilathornef  com- 
mander. 

Major  Church  went  aboard  the  Commo<lore,  where 
Colonel  Ilathortie  was,  who  gave  him  an  account  of 
his  commission,  and  orders,  and  read  tliem  to  him. 
Then  his  honour  told  Major  Church,  that  there  was 
a  |)articidar  order  on  board  Captain  Soutiiack  for  him, 
w  hich  is  as  followetli. 


[To  Major  Be 


Sir, 


oston,  Sep["iii'i,r  [ith,  1090. 


His  Majesty's  ship  Orford,  having  lately  surprised 
a  French  sindlop,  with   twentythree  of  the  soldiers 


[aiul] 


[and] 


[Who] 


Tlio  satnf  oftPii  mentioned  in  tho  prrcedinii   |)a'j;es.    See 


note  3,  on  ])ae;e  IJ'i; 


}1 


e  was  in  Hj\H  ini|iiisonc(l   I'or  wilch- 


(•laft,  and  |)iTvimisly  exatnined  hy  Ilawtlioni,  (.iidcr  whom 
li''  aii|ie;irs  in  tliis  expedition.  See  Ilutcliinsoii,  II,  r»0,  and 
94. 

I  f'ol.  .Tolin  Halliovne  or  Ilawtliovn.  Tliis  gentleman, 
lioWcviT  unlit  he  tnij^lit  he  to  succeed  Cliurch,  it  is  certain 
that  lie  niav  now  lie  lietter  eninloyed  thau  whtMi  coiniiiitlinj^ 
iri'r/ics  at  Sahni.  I  learn  little  of  him,  c\ce|itin{;  what  may 
hi'  ^cen  in  Hutcliin^on,  and  Calef.  Pcrha|is  he  u'a^  a  son  of 
William    Hawthorn,  tlie  firvt  speaker  of  the  court  of  Massa- 

a^  ijuite  ac' 


m  record.     Hiht.  .Mas  I,  IfiO.     He 


ihusetts,  up 

ti*''  in  the-e  wars,  also  in  tiie  formr 


Nolhinc  \  crv  hriiliant 


a^ipears  to  have  heen  performed  under  his  command. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


239 


bcUmging  to  the  fort  upon  Joliiis  river,  in  Novascotia, 
togf;tlu:r    witli    Vili?au,    their    Caf)tiiin,    providence 
seems  to  encourage  tiie  Coruiing  of  an  expedition  to 
attack  that  fort,  and  todisrestand  remove  tiie  enemy 
from  tiiat  post,  which  is  the  chief  source  from  wlience 
the  most  of  our  disasters  do  issue,  and  also  to  favour 
witli  an  opportunity  for  gaining  out  of  tiieir  hands 
tlic  ordnance,  artillery,  and  other  warlike  stores,  and 
provisions,  lately  su|)plied  to  them  from  France,  for 
erecting  a  new  fort  near  the  river's  month,  wluireby 
t.^'ey  will  be  greatly  strengthened,   and  the  reducing 
of  them  rendered   more  difRcult.     1  have  therefore 
ordered  a  detachment   of  two  new  companies,  con- 
sisting of  about   an  hundred  men  to  join  the  forces 
now  with  you  for  that  expedition,  and  have  commis- 
siona'ed   Lieutenant  Colonel  John  Hathorne,  one  of 
the  members  of  his  Maj(!sty's  council,   who  is  ac- 
quainted with  that  river,  and  in  whose  courage  and 
conduct  I  repose  special  trust  to  take  the  chief  com- 
mand of  the  whole,  during  tliat  service,  being  well 
assured   that  your  good  affections  and  7.va\  for  his 
Majesty's  service;  will  induce  your  ready  compliance 
and  assistance   therein,   which,   I  hope,  will  take  up 
no  long  time,  and  be  of  great  benefit  and  adviintage 
to  thes(>  his  Majesty's   territories,  if  it  please  (lod  to 
succeed  tlu;  same.     Besides,    it  is  very  probable   to 
be  the  fairest  opportunity,  that  can  be  olfered  unto 
yourself  and  m(;n,  of  doing  executi'  n  upon  the  In- 
dian enemy  and  rebels,  who  may  reasonably  be  ex- 
pected to  be  drawn  to  the  defence  of  that  fort.     I 
have  also  ordered  his  Majesty's  ship  Arundel,  and 
the  province  Gall<!y  to  att(.'n;l  this  service. 

Colonel  Hathorne  will  communicate  unto  you  the 
contents  of  his  commission  and  instructions  received 
from  myself  for  this  expedition,  which  I  expect  and 
order  that  yourself,  otiicers  and  soldiers,  now  under 
you,  yield  obe<lience  unto,  lie  is  •to  advise  vvith 
yourself  and  others  in  all  weighty  attempts.  Pray- 
ing for  a  blessing  from  Heaven  upon  the  said  enter- 


!&)'« 


it 


ii 


i  I 


240 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


prise,  and  that  all  ongaged  in  tlio  sam(>  inay  hv  uiidor 
llio  special  protection  of  the  Almighty.  I  uni  your 
loving  friend, 

WILLIAM  STOUGIITON." 

The  Major  having  read  his  last  orders,  and  con. 
sidering  his  conmiission,  found  that  he  was  oblii>e(I 
to  attend  all  orders,*  ttc,  was  much  concerned  that 
he  and  his  were  prevented  in  their  intended  projec- 
tion, if  carri<Ml  back  to  St.  Johns.  Then  discoursing 
with  Colonel  Ilathorne.  gave  him  an  account  of  whil 


tl 


w.y  had  done   a 


it  St.   Johns,  vi/.,  that  as  to  tiie  de 


nioiishing  the  new  fort,  they  had  done  it;  and  [hadj 
got  all  their  great  guns  and  stores  aboard  their  ves- 
sels. And,  that  if  it  had  not  been  that  tlu;  waters 
werr;  so  low,  would  have  taken  t.'ie  fort  up  tlu;  river 
also,  before  lie  c;ime  away.  Told  him  also,  that 
one  of  the  prisoners  which  he  had  taken  at  St.  Johns, 
upon  e.xainination,  concerning  the  Indians  in  those 
parts,  told  him,  [that]  it  was  as  hard  for  \  ilboon  their 
Ciovernour,  to  ge!  one  of  their  Indians  down  to  the 
water  side,  as  to  carry  one  of  those  gre.'t  guns  upon 
his  back.  And  that  they  had  an  ai-.count  of  liini 
[Church.]  and  his  fctrces'  coining  to  those  parts  by  a 
j>ri: Diier  out  of  Ri;st<in  jail.  Also,  told  his  honour, 
that  if  they  went    back   it    would  w'-,oIly  disappoint 


tti'Mn  o 
[what] 


f  tl 


ir  doing  any 
f. 


furt 


i(;r  scrv!c<-,  wliicli  was 


they  ca'iie   for  to  I ciioljscot.   and  places  a 


jacent.     But  all  was  to  no  |)urpose.     His  hoiKnir  tell- 

1  [tliat] 


Church  foiild  not  fnit  l:o  otTcnilod  at  >\\c\t  bnyisli  comliut. 


which  will  iiioro  fiillv  aHi'oar  in  ilip 


rri-nmj!;  n;\ir  ilioti.      lai 


jioit;int  scrvicr,  jKihaiw,  iniuht  have  hinn  (l'>ii.''  in  tin 
tMtioii  oflhc  |ilr>.n  licit  Chnrch  niid  his  ("oicps  wrrellif^ii  ahinil 
to  f-ntcr  n|)(>n.  Thoy  would  douhtlcss  liavo  rclirvcd  thi>  fa.-l- 
•■rn  j)ro|)|p  (Voin  llioir  o;arrisons  in  which  thry  liad  most')!' 
the  yo'.ir  hcpn  shut  um.  TIu'  ^avaf^ps  had  .hoverpd  aro-iiid 
lliP  r  pttlpnicnt  <  iVdMi  Pa>^cataiiua  to  (hoir  pxtpot  rastward, 
and  had  IipIwppii  the  7  Mav,  and  13  Octolipr,  kiilpd  and  la- 
ken  aliout  .St  oftlic  iidialiili-.nis  ;  i».i  lK;ing  ol"  the  foruier  num- 
ber.    See  i^Iagnaiia,  II,  o49,  50. 


■  I    t 


il 
il 


.J 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


241 


irio;  the  Major  tliat  he  must  attend  his  orders  then 
received.* 

And  to  encourage  the  officers  and  soldiers,  told 
them,  [that]  they  should  be  wholly  at  the  Major's 
ordering  and  command  in  the  whole  action.  And  to 
bi?  short  did  go  back,  and  the  event  may  be  seen  in 
Colonel  Ilathorne's  journal  of  the  said  action. f 

Only  I  nmst  ob.serve  one  thing  by  the  way,  which 
was,  that  when  they  drew  ofT"  to  come  down  the  riv- 
er again,  Colonel  Hathorne  came  off  and  left  the  Ma- 
jor behind  to  see  that  all  the  forces  were  drawn  off. 
And  coming  down  the  river,  in  or  near  the  rear,  in 
the  night,  heard  a  person  halloo.     Not  knowing  at 


*  Tlie  snporcc'ding  of  Churcli,  says  Hutiliinson,  II,  94,  "  was  jin 
iinpolitie  nii'Msuro,  unli'ss  any  niisi'oiidiict  in  Church  iiiiidf  it 
necessary  that  he  sliould  be  superceded."  But  notliing  of  that 
kind  is  made  api)ear,  and  can  be  accounted  for,  only,  by  supi)os- 
iiii^'  that  Stouirliton  iiad  not  fully  recovered  from  tlie  debility  lie 
li;'d  received  in  the  late  Witch  Crusade. 

fThe  journal  of  Hathorne,  referred  to,  is  undoubtedly 
lost,  which  we  have  to  regret.  Perhaps  Iluti'hinson  had  the 
use  of  it,  as  the  account  which  he  gives  of  tlie  expedition  is 
somewhiit  particular.  He  mentions,  II,  94,  5,  tiiat  Villeboii 
had  timely  notice  of  their  ol)ject,  and  the  reinforcement;  and 
accordingly  bad  made  the  best  arrangements  he  could  to  re- 
ceive them.  They  eilicted  a  landing  on  the  7  October,  not 
however  without  considerable  opposition.  The  same  day 
tlu'V  rr.iscd  a  battery,  and  |)lanted  two  tieldpieccs  upon  it. 
With  these  and  their  .small  arms  they  commenced  an  attack 
u|ion  the  fort,  which  was  answereil.  The  following  night 
being  very  cold,  the  English  made  lires  to  keep  them  from 
jicrisliiuir.  Rut  this  lioing  a  sure  mark  for  the  enemy's  cannon, 
were  obliged  to  i)ut  them  out.  ;uk1  sutler  the  inclemency  of  the 
weather.  Church's  men  sntl'ering  more  extren  Iv,  being  almost 
bare  of  clothing  i'rom  their  lung  service.  i)iscouragement 
now  seized  ♦hem,  and  they  drew  off  the  next  night.  Mather 
makes  no  reflections  on  the  planning  and  execnting  of  this  expe- 
dition. "  The  dilliculty  of  the  cold  season  so  discouraged  our 
men,  tliat  after  the  niaking  of  some  few  shot  the  enterpri.se 
foinid  itself  under  t'  -^  nuich  c.onaelalion  to  proceed  any  fur- 
ther." Wo  he  says,  '.iagnalui,  II,  550.  No  account  is  given  that 
any  were  killed. 

L        16 


m  %, 


242 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  W,\T?S, 


first,  but  it  miglit,  be  a  snare  to  draw  them  into;  but 
upon  coKisidcration,  sent  to  see  wiio  or  wl'Vi  he  was, 
and  found  him  to  be  a  Negro  man  bei<»ngiiig  to  Mar- 
blehead,  thiit  had  beeis  tak<'i!  and  kept  a  ;*'.isoi.  r 
amongst  them  for  sume  time.  The  Major  asked  him, 
whether  ho  cotdd  g've  any  ac.  ount  oi  the  Indians 
in  those  parts  ?  H';  said  Ves,  they  were  or  had  been 
all  drawn  otf  from  llui  soa  coast,  up  into  the  woods 
near  an  hundred  miles.  [Tiivy]  having  had  ir^  ac- 
count by  a  prisoner  oui  of  Boston  jail,  that  Major 
Church  and  h.is  forces  were  coniiifg  out  againsi  f'-.enj 
in  I'Mir  brigantines,  and  four  sloops,  with  Iwenty'our 
pett lauger.%  (meaning  wluiie  boats)  whicli  put  them 
into  [suchj  a  fright,  that  notwithstanding  they  were 
so  inr  up  in  the  woods,  were  afr.'ad  to  make  fires  by 
iJaV)  h  SI  ho  and  his  forces  should  discover  the 
timokes,  and  in  the  night  lest  they  should  see  the 
light. 

One  thing  more  I  would  just  give  a  hint  of,  that 
is,  how  the  French  in  the  eastward  parts  were  much 
surprised  at  the  motion  of  the  wiuile  boats.  [Tliey] 
said,  [that]  there  was  no  abiding  for  them  in  that 
country.  And  I  have  been  informed  since,  that 
soon  after  thi?  expedition,  they  drew  off  from  St. 
Johns  fort  and  river. 

But  to  return.  Then  going  all  down  the  river, 
embarked  and  went  homeward.  Only  by  the  way, 
candid  reader,  I  would  let  you  know  of  two  tilings 
that  proved  very  prejudicial  to  Major  Church  and  his 
forces.  The  first  was,  that  the  government  shovild 
miss  it  so  much  as  to  send  any  prisoner  away  from 
Boston  before  the  expedition  was  over.  Secondly, 
that  they  should  send  Colonel  Ilathorne  to  take  tiiem 
from  the  service  and  bosiness  they  went  to  do  :  who, 
by  submission,  doubtless  thought  [that]  they  did  for 
the  be.'it  though  it  proved  to  the  contrary. 

So  [I]  shall  wind  up  with  a  just  hint  of  what  hap- 
pened at  their  noniing  home  to  B-^'.^ton.     After  all 


■'i'-'M 


■ilia 


m 


IMiKNCII   AM)  INDIAN  VV^\RS. 


213 


tlicir  liiird  service  Imtli  iiiglit  iiiid  diiy,  llie  gi)/(Tn- 
moiil  tncik  iiwiiy  all  tlie  greul  guns  and  warlike 
stores  and  gave  tlieni  not  a  penny  for  tlieni  ((  veept 
it  was  some  oowder,  and  tluit  tliey  gave  what  lliey 
pleased  for.)  And  besides  the  assembly  passed  a  vote 
tliat  lliey  sltonld  have  but  half  pay.  Hut  his  honour 
the  LiiMiteiiant  (lovernour  being  much  disturbed  lit 
their  so  doing,  went  into  tiu;  town  house,  where  the 
representatives  were  sitting,  and  told  them,  except 
they  did  reassuine  that  vote,  which  was  to  cut  Major 
Church  and  his  forces  olf  their  half  pay,  they  should 
sit  tlujre  til!  the  next  s|)ring.  Whereupon  it  was  re- 
assumed.  So  that  they  had  just  their  bare  wages. 
But  as  yet,  never  had  any  allowance  for  the  great 
guns  and  stores;  neither  has  Major  Church  had  any 
allowance  for  all  his  travel  and  great  expenses  in 
raising  the  said  forces,  volunteers. 


THE    FIFTH    AND    LAST    EXPEDITION    EAST. 

In  the  year  1703-4,  Mnjor  Church  had  an  accouni 
of  the  miserable  devastations  made  on  Deerfield,*  a 
town  in  the  westward  piuls  of  this  province,!  ^"<1 
the  horrible  barbarities,  and  cruelties  exercised  on 
those  poor  innocent  j^eople  by  the  French  and  In- 
dians ;  especially  of  tiieir  cruelties  towards  that  wor- 
thy gentlewoman  INfrs.  William;,  and  several  others, 
whf.m  they  marched  iti  that  extreme  season  ;  forcing 
them  to  carry  great  loads.  Vnd  when  any  of  them 
by  their  hard  usage  could  not  bear  with  it,  [they] 
were  knocked  on  the  head,  and  so  killed  in  cool 
blood.  All  which,  with  some  other  horrible  Jn^i.  i- 
ces  done  by  those  barbarous  savages,  which  Major 
Church  bii  iself  was  an  eye  witness  to  in  iiis  former 
travel  in  the  eastward  parts,  did  much  astonish  hiir. 

•  A  mov^  ;)a'ti('ular  account  of  the  "  Destruction  of  Decr- 
Ucld"  will  bo  jifiven  in  the  IX  A|)i)endix  to  this  history. 

t  On  Conned     .it  river,  about  90  miles  from  Boston. 


w'*i'i! 


1 

nm 

1 1  ^3SIm 

pfl 

.yi<^^ 

, 

!   1 

i;  !j 


244 


FIJKNCII  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


i;  ! 


'i'v  Pi:  i  woiimii  llmt  those  biirbiirous  snvngea 
liiid  tiik  11  ami  killtd,  exposed  in  u  most  brulisli  inuii- 
iier  (iis  ciiii  be  expressed)  with  ii  youii<f  ehild  seized 
fast  with  strings  to  her  breast.  [The]'  infUiit  liad 
no  nppiirent  wound,  whieh  doubtless  was  leiV  alive 
to  suck  Its  dead  mother's  breast,  and  so  miserably  to 
perish  and  Jie.  Also  see  other  poor  children 
hanging  upoi.  fiiiees,  d^u.l,  oi  either  sex,  in  their 
own  poor  rags,  not  worth  stripping  them  of,  in  scorn 
and  derision. 

Another  instance  was,  of  a  straggling  soldier,  who 
was  found  at  Casco,  exposed  in  a  shameful  and  bar- 
barous manner.  His  body  being  staked  up,  his  head 
cut  oH',  and  a  hog's  head  set  in  the  room  ;  his  body 
ripped  up,  and  his  heart  and  inwards  taken  out,  and 
private  members  cut  oil",  and  hung  with  belts  of  their 
own,  the  inwarils  at  one  side  of  his  body,  and  his 
privates  at  the  other,  in  scorn  and  derision  of  the 
English  soldiers,  ttc. 

These  and  such  like  barbarities  cau^rd  Major 
Church  to  express  himself  to  this  purpose.  That 
if  he  were  commander  in  chief  of  these  provinces, 
he  would  soon  put  an  end  to  those  barbarities,  done 
by  the  barbarous  enemy,  by  making  it  his  whole  bu- 
siness to  fight  and  destroy  those  savages  as  they  did 
our  poor  neighbours,  which  doubtless  might  have 
been  do'jc  if  rightly  managed,  and  that  in  a  short 
time,  A:c.  So  that  these  with  the  late  inhumanities 
Hon(!  upon  the  inhabitants  of  Deerfield,  made  such 
an  impression  on  iiis  heart,  as  cannot  well  be  express- 
ed. So  that  his  blood  boiled  within  him,  making 
such  impulses  on  his  mind,  that  ht;  forgot  all  foriucir 
treatments,  whieh  were  enough  to  hiiKler  any  man, 
especially  the  said  Major  Church,  from  doing  any 
further  service. 

N(ttwithstai  ding  all  which,  h-iving  a  mind  to  take 
B.)me  satisfa'  n  on  the  enemy,  his  heart  being  full, 
took  his   h(        and   went  from  Ins   own  habitation, 

1  [which] 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


245 


near  seventy  miles,  to  wait  upon  his  excelU'iicy,  and 
oflered  his  servjce  to  tlio  Uueiii,*  his  excellency 
and  the  country  ;  wliich  his  exc(;lloncy  readily  ac- 
cepted of,  and  desired  Major  Cliuich  to  draw  a 
scheme  for  the  ensuing  acti')n,  or  actions.  So  tak- 
ing leave  went  home,  ajid  drew  it,  which  is  as  fol- 
loweth. 

"  Tiverton,  February  5,  1703~4. 
May  it  please  your  Excellency — 

According  to  your  recjuest,  wlien  I  was  last  with 
yourscdf,  and  in  obedience  tlujreunto,  I  present  you 
with  these  following  lines,  that  concern  tlu;  prepara- 
tion for  next  spring's  expedition,  to  attack  the  ene- 
my. According  to  my  former  direction ;  for  it  is 
good  to  have  a  full  stroke  at  them  lirst,  before  they 
have  opportunity  to  run  for  it.  For  the  first  of  our 
action  will  be  our  opportunity  to  destroy  them,  and 
to  prevent  their  running  away,  in  waylaying  every 
passagf^,  and  make  them  know  we  are  in  good 
earnest.  And  so  we  being  in  a  diligent  use  of  means, 
we  may  hope  for  a  blessing  from  the  Almighty,  and 
that  he  will  be  ideased  to  put  a  dread  in  their  hearts, 
that  they  may  fal  before  us  and  perish.  For  my  ad- 
vice is. 

First.  That  ten  or  twelve  hundred  good  able  sol- 
diers, well  ecpiipped,  be  in  a  readiness  fii  for  action, 
by  the  first  of  April  at  farthest ;  for  then  will  be 
the  time  to  be  upon  action. 

Secondly.  That  five  and  forty  or  fifty,  good 
whaleboats  be  had  ready,  well  fitted  with  five  good 
oars  and  twelve  or  fifteen  good  padd'e-;  to  every  boat. 

•  Anne,  who  came  to  the  llnone  of  Eiislafi'i  hi  1702.  She 
reigned  until  her  death  in  1714,  and  tli''ii  tlie  line  of  Geor- 

f;ps  commenced.  This  war  which  began  in  1703  isgeneral- 
y  called  Queen  Anne's  war.  Dr.  Dougla>s  calls  it  "  Dud- 
ley's Indian  War."  But  this  must  be  regarded  as  one  of 
his  loose  denominations,  for  the  war  had  already  originated 
when  Gov.  Dudley  entered  upon  his  ofiice. 


I 


l» 


'■I 


r* 


frb:ncii  and  indian  wars. 


247 


rc'l  of  jmvviler  to  tliciiist  lv(!s  ami  so  nnrked  that  it 
may  by  no  tncaiis  he  (•lia;i;r('(l.  Tliat  men  mr.y  know 
Dofori'hand,  and  may  not  bo  cluMitcd  out  of  ttioir 
lives  by  havin;^  bad  powder,  or  not  knowin<^  how  to 
use  it.  And  this  will  prove  u  great  advantage  to 
the  action. 

Sixthly.  That  Colonel  John  Gorhain,  if  he  may 
be  prevailed  with,  may  b(;  concerned  in  th(!  manage- 
ment of  tlu!  whale  boats,  he  having  been  formerly 
concerned  in  the  eastern  parts  and  e.\|)erieticed  in 
that  aU'air.  And  whalemen  tlien  will  b(!  very  service- 
able in  this  expedition,  which  having  a  |)romise  made 
to  them,  that  they  shall  be  released  in  good  seas(»n, 
to  go  home  a  whaling  in  the  full,  your  excellency 
will  have  men  enough. 

Seventhly.  That  there  may  be  raised  for  this  ser- 
vice three  hundred  Indians  at  least,  an(i  more  if  they 
may  be  had;  for  I  know  certaiidy,  of  my  own  know- 
h.'dgc  that  they  exceed  most  of  our  English  in  hunt- 
•ing  and  skulking  in  the  woods,  being  always  used  to 
it.  And  it  must  be  practised  if  ever  we  intend  to 
destroy  those  Indian  enemies. 

Eighthly.  That  the  soldiers  already  out  eastward 
in  the  service,  men  of  known  judgment,  may  take  a 
survey  of  them  and  their  arms,  and  see  if  their  arms 
be  good  and  they  know  how  to  use  them  in  shooting 
right,  at  a  mark,  and  that  they  be  men  of  good  reason 
and  sense  to  know  how  to  manage  themselves  in  so 
(lillicult  a  piece  of  service  as  this  Indian  hunting  is, 
for  bad  men  are  but  a  clog  and  hinderance  to  an 
army,  being  a  trouble  and  vexation  to  good  com- 
mandcMS,  and  so  many  mouths  to  devour  the  country's 
provision,  and  a  hinderance  to  all  good  actions. 

Ninthly.  That  special  care  be  had  in  taking  up 
the  whaleboats  that  th(!y  be  good,  and  (it  for  that 
service,  so  that  the  country  be  not  cheated  as  for- 
merly in  having  rotten  boats  and  as  much  care  that 
the  owners  may  have  good  satisfaction  ft)r  tiiem. 

I'enthly.     Tliat  the  tenders  or  transports,  vesaola 


i>^ii 


m 


248 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  AVARS. 


li' 


to  be  improved  in  this  attion,  be  good  decked  vessels, 
not  too  big  beciiuse  of  going  up  several  rivers  hav- 
ing four  or  six  small  guns  aj)iece  for  defence,  and 
the  fewer  men  will  defend  them,  and  there  are 
enough  such  vessels  to  be  had. 

Eleventhly.  To  conclude  all,  if  your  excellency 
will  be  pleased  to  make  yourself  great  and  us  a  hap- 
py people,  as  to  the  destroying  of  our  enemies  and 
easing  of  our  taxes,  &l.c-,  be  pleased  to  draw  forth  all 
those  forces  now  in  pay -in  all  the  eastward  parts, 
both  at  Saco  and  Casco  bay,  for  those  two  trading 
houses  never  did  any  good  nor  ever  will,  and  are  not 
worthy  the  name  of  (iueen's  forts ;  and  tlie  first 
building  of  them  had  no  other  etfect  but  to  lay  us 
under  iiibute  to  that  wivtclied  pagan  crew  ;  and  I 
hope  will  never  be  wanted  for  that  they  were  Hrst 
built;[ — Y  '"'t  s'""*^  i^  is,  they  are  very  servic(>able  to 
thcni ;  for  they  get  many  a  gooil  advantage  of  us  to 
destroy  our  men  and  laugh  at  us  for  our  folly,  that 
we  should  be  at  so  much  cost  and  trouble  to  do  a 
thing  that  does  us  so  much  harm,  and  no  manner  of 
goid:  but  to  the  contrary  when  they  see  all  our  for- 
ces, drawn  forth,  and  in  pursuit  of  them  they  will 
think  that  W(;  bt^gin  to  be  roused  up,  and  to  be  awake 
and  will  not  be  sacisHed  with  what  they  have  pleased 
to  leave  us,  but  are  resolved  to  retake  from  them 
that  they  took  f(jrmerly  from  us,  and  drive  them  out 
of  th(;ir  country  also.  The  which  being  done,  then 
to  build  a  fo't  at  a  suitable  time,  and  in  a  convenient 
place,  and  it  will  be  very  honourable  to  your  excel- 
lency, and  of  great  service  to  her  Majesty,  and  to 
the  enlargement  of  her  Majesty's  government  (the 
place  nicant  being  at  Portroyal.) 

Twelftidy.  That  the  objection  made  against  draw- 
nig  olf  tlu!  forces  in  the  eastward  parts  will  be  no 
damage  to  tlu;  iniiabitants,  for  former  exj)erienco 
teacheth  us  that  so  soon  as  drawn  into  their  country, 
tb.ey  will  [)res(ntly  forsake  ours  to  take  care;  of  their 
own.     And  that  there  b(!   no  failure  in  making  pre- 

1  [Ibr] 


>  1 


)   f    ;!I 


FRENCH  AND  INDIA^  WARS. 


249 


parativ)n  of  these  thinrrs  aforementioned;  for  many 
times  the  want  of  small  things  jirevents  the  complet- 
ing of  great  actions.  And  that  every  thing  be  in 
readiness  before  the  forces  be  raised  to  prevent 
charges,  and  the  enemv's  iiaving  intelligence.  And 
that  the  general  court  be  moved  to  make  suitable 
acts  for  the  encouraging  both  English  and  Indians, 
that  so  men  of  business  may  freely  otfer  estates  and 
concerns  to  serve  the  publick. 

Thus  hoping  what  I  have  taken  the  pains  to  write 
in  the  sincerity  of  my  heart,  and  good  affection,  will 
be  well  accepted,  I  make  bold  to  subscribe  as  I  am. 
your  excellency's  most  devoted  humble  servant, 

BENJAML\  CHURCH." 

Then  returning  to  his  excellency,  presented  the 
said  scheme,  which  his  excellency  approved  of,  and 
returned  it  again  to  Major  Churcii,  and  desired  him 
to  see  that  every  tiling  was  provided ;  telling  him 
he  should  have  an  order  from  the  commissary  Gene- 
ral to  proceed.  Then  returned  home,  and  made  it 
his  whole  business  to  provide  oars  and  paddles,  and 
a  vessel  to  carry  them  round,  and  then  returned  again 
to  his  excellency,  who  gave  him  a  commissiou  which 
is  as  foUoweth. 


f 


1 


1  "' 


t 


"  Joseph  Dudlev,*  Esq.,  Captain  General  and  Go- 
vernour  in  Chief,  in  and  over  her  Majesty's  pro- 

•  A  son  of  Thomas  Dudley,  who  laine  to  America  in  1630, 
and  who  has  been  celebrated  for  his  bitterness  aj^ainst  tolera- 
tion. Some  poetry  found  in  his  pocket  (says  Morton,  151,) 
after  his  vleath,  is  so  sinp;ular,  and  characteristick  of  the 
times,  that  I  may  be  pardoned  for  so  much  digressing  as  to 
insert  a  clause  of  it, 

"  Let  mon  of  God  in  courts  ami  churches  watch 
O'ur  such  as  do  a  tolcraliDii  hatch  ; 
Lost  that  ill  e':f,'  hriii;;  I'orth  a  cockatrice, 
Til  piiisnn  all  willi  heresy  and  vice. 
If  men  ho  left,  and  otherwise  eoinhinc, 
My  epitapli's,  I  di^d  no  t.hertine." 
The  suiiject   of  lliis  note  was  born  in  1647,  graduatrd  at 
Harvard  College,  1665,  and  is  said  to  ha\e  been  eminent  for 


1    i ) 

I 

1 


250 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


m 


vince  of  the  Massachusetts  hay,  in  .Xcwengland^ 
in  America,  and  Vice  Admiral  of  the  same, 

To  Bknjamin  Church,  Esq.,  Greeting. 

By  virtue  of  the  power  and  authority,  in  and  by 
her  Majesty'-  royal  commission,  to  me  granted,  I  do 
by  tliese  presents,  reposing  special  trust  and  confi- 
dence in  your  loyalty,  courage,  and  good  conduct, 
constitute  and  appoint  you  to  be  Colonel  of  all  the 
forces  raised,  and  to  be  raised  for  her  Majesty's  ser- 
vice, against  the  French  and  Indian  enemy  and  rebels, 
that  shall  be  improved  in  the  servi(;e  to  the  eastward 
of  Casco  bay;  and  to  be  Captain  of  the  first  com- 
pany of  the  said  forces.  You  are  therefore  carefully 
and  ddigciilly  to  perform  the  duty  of  a  Colonel  and 
Captain,  by  leiiding,  ordering  and  exercising  the  said 
regiment  and  compjiny  in  arms,  both  inferiour  ofli- 
cers  and  soldiers;  and  to  kee|)  them  in  good  order 
and  discipline.  Hereby  conunanding  them  to  olx^y 
you  as  their  Colonel  and  Captain  ;  and  with  them  to 
do  and  e.vccntc!  all  acts  of  hostility  against  the  said 
enemy  and  relx'Is.  And  you  are  to  observe  and  fol- 
low such  orders  and  directions  as  you  shall  re(;eive 
from  myself,  or  other,  your  superiour  ollicer,  accord- 
ing to  the  rules  and  discij)lin(!  of  war,  pursuant  to 
the  trust  reposed  in  you.     Given  under  my  hand  and 

his  learnitif?.  Hp  was  acoiiiniissioiirr  in  IMiilip's  wai ,  and  liis 
n;Mno  niav  he  soon  ain.)np;tlinin  at  tlio  hoa.l  oi'thf  /o/iif  treaty 
^vitll  tlio  Nanai;an-t'ls,  in  .Inly,  loTT).  \V  lien  Andross  \vas 
(iovornonr,  Mr.  Dmllcy  w;\>  |ir<-iilrnt  of  tlu>  I'onncil,  and 
was  sp!  <I  uiion  a^  Ix'lonsinu;  (i)  lii-  |iaity,  and  ini|iri>(in(>d 
tor  some  time,  and  treated  with  inlin inanity.  Meinp  sent  for 
l>y  Kina;  \\';Hiam,  lie  endiai'Ued  in  I''el),,  IGSi).  'i'lii'  next 
year  lie  was  sent  over  as  cliief  jnstici- of  Newyork,  liut  he 
was  never  sali^lied  any  where  hnl  in  t'le  ^  ivernment  ol'  .Mas- 
saehiisett-i.  lie  llieretbre  exerted  him  ell'  (o  injure  (lover- 
noiir  Pliijis,  rx|ieii  iiiji;  to  siici-eed  him;  Inil  the  |i(>o|de  pre- 
vented '.,m  liy  luoi'iiriii^  the  a|  |ioinlment  id'  the  Karl  of 
Uellonionl.  wliii^e  jiremaliire  death  (ia\e  liim  his  beloveil  of 
IJc.L',  in  winch  he  (•(iiilinned  I'roni  I7ii2  to  iTlli.  Gov.  Slmte 
succeeded  liin;,  and  lie  died  iu  17-2U,  aj;;ed  7i. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


251 


seal  at  arms,  at  Boston,  tlie  ISth  day  of  March,  in 
tlie  third  year  of  her  Majesty's  reign.  Anno  Dom. 
1703-4. 

J.  DUDLEY. 
By  his  Excellency''s  command. 

Isaac  Addington,  Seer." 

Colonel  Church  no  sooner  received  his  conrimis- 
sion,  but  proceeded  to  the  raising  of  men,  volun- 
teers, by  going  into  every  town  within  the  three 
"o"nties,*  whieli  were  formerly  Plymouth  govern- 
ment; advising  with  the  chief  oflicer  of  each  com- 
pany, to  call  his  company  together,  that  so  he  might 
have  tlie  better  opportunity  to  discourse  and  encour- 
age them  to  serve  their  Que<;nan(i  country.  Treat- 
ing them  with  drink  convenient,  told  them,  [that]  he 
did  not  doubt  but  with  (rod's  blessing  to  bring  them 
all  home  again.  All  wiiich  with  many  other  argu- 
ments, animated  their  hearts  to  do  service.  So,  that 
Colonel  Church  enlisted,  out  of  some  companies,  near 
twenty  men,  and  others  fifteen. 

He  having  raised  a  sufhcient  number  of  English 
soldiers,  proceeded  to  the  enlisting  of  Indians,  in  all 
those  j)arts  where  they  dwelt,  which  was  a  great  fa- 
tigue and  expense;  being  a  pf  wple  that  need  much 
treating,  especially  with  drink,  &c.  Having  enlist- 
ed tiu!  most  of  his  soldiers  in  th(tse  parts,  who  daily 
lay  upon  him,  [and]  was  not  l(\ss  than  five  pounds 
per  day  exi)t'nses,  some  days  in  victuals  and  drink; 
who  doui)tlcss  thought,  (cmj-;  cially  the  Englisii)  that 
tile  country  would  have  reimbursed  it  agani,  other- 
wise they  would  hardly  [have]  accept(;d  it  of.liim. 

Colonel  Church's  sohliers,  both  English  and  In- 
dians, in  tiiosc  |)arts,  being  raised,  marched  them  all 

*  IMyiuontl),  Harnstiihlp,  and  Bristol.  Tnis  (livi:<ion  was 
n»:iiic  in  lt)S5,  winch  belbre  were  all  in  one.  Supplement  to 
Ttlorton,  -i07. 


'■■f 

mf- 

Ml  ;« 

■    »■ 
■'IS 


253 


FliF,T;CII  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


(iown  to  Nanlasket,*  acconHug  to  his  cxci'llcncy's 
(iirectioiip.  Where  being  come,  the  following  gen- 
tlemen were  commissionuted  to  Ix;  eonunaiideis  of 
each  particular  com|)any,  vi/,.,  Lieutenant  Colonel 
Gorham,  Captains,  John  Bronn,  Constant  Church, 
James  Cole,  John  Dyer,  John  Cook,  Caleb  William- 
son, and  Edward  Church,  of  the  forces  raised  by  Co- 
lonel Church  ;  each  conipany  being  filled  up  with 
English  and  Indians  as  they  agreed  among  them- 
selves, and  by  tlic  Colonel's  directions.  Captain 
Lamb,  and  Captain  Mirick's  comi'iuiy,  whirh  w<Te 
raised  by  his  excellency's  direction,  were  ordered  to 
join  thtse  aforesaid,  under  the  coimnand  of  (,'olonel 
Cliurcl!. 

Matters  being  brought  thus  far  on.  Colonel  Church 
waited  upon  liis  excellenc)  at  Boston  to  know  his 
pleasure,  what  farther  measures  were  to  b(,'  taken  ; 
and  did  hiMubly  mcne  that  tlu,'}'  might  have  liberty  in 
their  instructions  to  make  an  attack  upon  Portroyal. 
Being  very  well  satisfied  in  his  opinion,  that  with 
the  blessing  of  Ciod,  with  what  forces  they  had,  or 
should  have  ;  iuid  whnleboats  so  vv(!ll  fitted  with  oars 
and  paddles,  as  they  had  with  them,  might  ))e  sufTi- 
cieiit  to  have  taken  it.  His  excelh -icy  (looking  uj)- 
on  Colonel  Church)  replied,  [thatj  "  he  could  not 
admit  of  that,  by  reason,  [that]  he  had.  by  t\\o  advice 
of  her  Majesty's  council,  writ  to  her  Majesty  about 
tl'.e  taking  of  Portroyal  fort,  and  how  it  should  bo 
dispensed  »f  wlien  taken,"  dec.  However  Colonel 
Church  proc(  eded  to  get  every  thing  reiidy  for  the 
forces  down  at  \antasket,  which  was  the  plain;  of 
parade. 

lie  happening  one  day   to  l)e  at  Captain   Belch- 

*  Th'' rntri'.tu'c  into  Boston  harbour,  south  of  the  liglit- 
hnusf.  'I'iio  winter  of  ICOt)  wiis  so  sfvcii',  that  sIi'iIh  hihI 
slciglis  (Vo(|  KMitly  iiiis-nl  jVoiu  HoMon  to  Naiila~l<<'|  uiwnthe 
ite.  Tilt'  island  oi'  tins  name  v^s  the  plari'  of  rrtidr/.vous, 
ami  is  nine  miles  from  l<o>toii.  't  (oiitainsllio  present  town 
of  Hull,  and  is  connrctcd  (o  Ilinj^iiaru  by  a  dam. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


253 


er's,*  where  Ills  excellency  happciieil  to  come.  [He]^ 
was  pleased  to  order  Colonel  Church  to  put  on  liis 
sword,  and  walk  with  him  up  the  common,  which 
he  readily  complied  wit!-.  Where  beinj^  come,  he 
saw  two  mortar  pieces  with  shells,  and  an  engineer 
frying  with  them,  to  throw  a  shell  from  them  to  any 
spot  of  ground  where  he  said  it  should  fall  ;  which 
when  Colf)nel  Church  had  seen  done,  gave  him  great 
encouragement,  and  hopes  [that]  that  would  promote 
their  going  to  Portroyal,  which  he  had  solicited  for. 
And  returning  from  tlnnce,  after  they  had  seen  them 
tried  by  the  said  engineer,  and  performing  what  was 
l)roposed,  [and]  coming  near  to  Captain  William 
Clark's  house,  over  against  the  horse  shoe,  his  ex- 
cellency was  invited  by  Captain  Clark  to  walk  over 
and  take  a  glass  of  wine,  vvljich  he  was  pleased  to 
accept  of,  and  took  Colonel  Church  with  him  And 
in  the  time  they  were  taking  a  glass  of  wine,  Colonel 
Church  once  more  presumed  to  say  to  his  excellen- 
cy ;  "  Sir,  I  hope  that  now  we  shall  go  to  Portroyal 
in  order  to  take  it ;  those  mortars  being  very  suita- 
ble for  such  an  enterprise."  His  excellency  was 
pleased  to  reply;  "Colonel  Church,  you  must  say  no 
more  of  that  matter,  for  the  letter  I  told  you  of,  I 
writ  by  the  advice  of  her  Majesty's  council,  now 
lies  at  home  on  the  board  before  the  Lords  commis- 
sioners of  her  Majesty's  foreign  plantations,"  &.c. 

After  some  days,  every  thing  being  ready  to  em- 
bark, Colonel  Church  received  his  instructions,  which 
ar(!  as  follows  : 


i'ftii 


i 


"  By  his  excelletiri/  J  .vf.jmi  Ditoi-ky,  Esq.,  Captain 
(fCncral  and  fimrrnmir  in  Chief,  in  and  over  her 
JSJojesty's  pr(n'ince  'i  the  .MassachuHetts  bay,  ^-c, 
in  .Veu'cngland,  ami     ice  .  ,'diniral  of  the  same. 

I  [wlio] 

•Captain   Anth-pw  Bclv'hor  of  Cambridj^e,  anH  fnlhfr  of 
Govvrnour  Belcher,  I  suspect  is  meant      See  page  O;^jnott-  3. 


264 


FHKNCfl  AND  INDIAN  WARS 


Instructions  for  Cor.oNKi,  B::n.i\min  Chubch  in  the 
present  Expedilioa. 

In  pursuance  of"  tli'!  coininisision  ^iven  yo;:  o 
take  tlie  cliict'  coniinand  of  tlie  Imid  and  sea  lorces 
by  mo  raised,  e(|ui|)|)ed  and  sent  lortii  on  her  Ma- 
jesty's service,  against  her  open  (U'chired  enemies, 
the  Trench  and  Inihan  rebels.  You  are  to  observe 
tlie  following  instructions. 

First.  You  are  to  take  cam,  that  the  (hities  of 
rcli<^ion  be  attended  on  board  tin;  several  vessels,  and 
in  the  several  companies  under  your  command,  l)y 
daily  prayers  unto  (lod,  and  readin<r  his  holy  word. 
And  that  the  Lord's  day  be  observed  ana  duly  sanc- 
tified to  the  utmost  of  your  power,  us  far  as  the  cir- 
cumstances and  necessity  of  the  service  can  admit, 
that  so  you  may  have  the  preence  of  God  with,  and 
obtain  his  blessing  on,  your  undertaking. 

You  are  to  take  care,  that  your  soldiers  have  their 
due  allowance  of  provisions  and  other  necessaries; 
that  their  arms  be  well  fixed,  and  kept  lit  for  service, 
and  that  they  be  furnished  with  a  suitable  quantity 
of  powder  and  ball,  and  be  always  in  readiness  to 
pass  upon  duty. 

That  good  order  and  discipline  be  maintained ;  and 
all  disorders,  drunkenness,  profane  swearing,  curs- 
ing, omission  or  neglect  of  tluty,  disobedience  to  of- 
ficers, mutiny,  desertion,  and  sedition  be  duly  pun- 
ished, a(("()rding  to  the  rules  and  articles  of  war ; 
the  which  you  are  once  a  jnonth  or  oft<;ner,  to  cause 
to  be  published,  and  made  known  to  your  otlicers 
and  soldiers  for  their  ol)servance  and  direction  in 
their  duty.  Let  notorious  and  capital  olftMidors  be 
sent  away  to  the  next  garrison,  there  to  be  imprison- 
ed until  they  can  be  proceeded  with. 

Let  the  sick  and  wounded  be  carefully  looked  af- 
ter, and  accommodated  after  the  best  manner  your 
circiunstances  will  admit  of,  and  be  sent  either  to 
Casco  fort,  or  to  Mr.  Pcjperel's  at  Kittery,  which  may 
be  easiest,  so  soon  as  vou  can. 


VOL 


FRENCH   AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


255 


You  are  fortliwith  to  send  away  the  forces  and 
stores  by  the  transports,  with  tlie  whaleboats  to  Pis- 
cata(ina,  on  Kittery  side  there  to  attend  your  cotn- 
ing  vvhitlier  you  are  to  follow  them  with  all  expedi- 
tion. 

You  are  to  embark  in  the  province  galley,  Captain 
Southack  commander,  and  Lieutenant  Colonel  Gor- 
ham  go  on  board  Captain  Gallop  ;  who  are  both  di- 
rected to  attend  your  motion  on  the  French  side, 
after  which  they  are  to  return.  Let  the  cornmandcra 
of  all  the  store  sloops  and  transports  know  that  they 
sail,  anchor  and  serve  at  your  direction. 

When  you  sail  from  Piscataijua,  keep  at  such  dis- 
tance otV  the  siiore,  that  you  be  not  discovered  by 
the  enemy  to  alarm  them.  Stop  at  Montinicus,* 
and  there  end)ark  the  forces  in  the  whalcboats  for 
the  main,  to  range  that  part  of  the  country,  in  search 
of  the  enemy,  to  Mountdesart,  sending  the  vessels  to 
meet  you  there  ;  and  after  having  refreshed  and  re- 
cruited your  soldiers,  proceed  to  Maehias,  and  from 
thence  to  l'assanu(|uad() ;  and  having  eH'eeted  what 
spoils  you  possibly  may,  upon  the  enemy  in  those 
parts,  cnd)ark  on  your  vessels  for  Menis  and  Signec- 
to,  to  Portroyal  gut ;  and  use  all  possible  methods  for 
the  burning  and  destroying  of  the  enemies  houses,  and 
breaking  the  dams  of  their  corn  grounds  in  tlie  said 
several  places,  and  make  what  other  spoils  you  can 
upon  them,  and  bring  away  the  prisoners.  In  your 
return  call  at  Penobscot  and  do  what  you  can  there, 
and  so  protx'ed  westward. 

This  will  pntbalily  em|)loy  you  a  month,  or  six 
weeks;  when  yu  will  draw  togisther  again,  and  by 
the  latter  end  of  .lune,  consider  whether  you  can 
march  to  JS'orrigwack,  or  other  ])arts  of  their  plant- 
ing, to  destroy  their  corn  and   settlements  and  keep 

*•  An  island  i-onsiiliM-aMo  diMance  from  tho  coast  of  Maine, 
ami  tlie  sanio,  I  suijiuisp,  callt'd  Martiniciis  or  M(>rtinicu«on 
the  late  maps.  It  is  ITi  or  ^0  miles  iVom  Vinalhavcn  island  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Penobscot, 


1... 


m 


I'M 


"■li 


25d 


FllKNCH  AND  INDIAN  WAIIS. 


the  expedition  on  foot  until  the  niid(ll(!    of  August 
next. 

Notwithstandiiijjf  the  j)iirticul;irity  of  tlie  aforego- 
in<i;  instruction,  Ihi)'  you  under  no  restraint,  beeiiuse 
I  am  well  assured  of  your  eoura^^e,  care,  caution  and 
industry  ;  hut  refer  you  to  your  own  resolves,  by  the 
advice  of  your  eonunission  ofheers,  not  undertii(?  de- 
gree of  Captains,  and  the  s(!a  commission  ('aptaifvs 
(wlioin  you  will,  as  often  as  you  can,  advise  with)  ac- 
cording to  the  intellig(!nee  you  may  receive,  or  as 
you  may  find  needful  upon  the  spot. 

You  are  by  every  op])ortunity,  and  once  a  week 
certainly,  by  some  means  either  by  way  of  Caseo, 
Piscatacjua,  or  otiierwise  to  ac(|uaint  me  of  your  j)ro- 
C(H'('ings  and  all  occurrences,  and  what  may  be  fur- 
tlier  necessary  (or  tlu;  service.  And  to  observe  sucli 
further  and  other  instructions  as  you  shall  receive 
from  myself 

As  oiten  as  you  may,  advise  with  Captain  Smith 
and  Captain  llogers,  commanders  of  her  Majesty's 
ships. 

Let  your  minister,  commissary,  and  surgeons  be 
treated  with  just  respects.  I  pray  to  CmkI  to  j)reserve, 
I)rosper  and  succeed  you. 

(riven  under  my  hand  at  Boston,  the  fourth  day  of 
j\Iay,  1701. 

J.  DUDLEY." 

Pursuant  to  his  instructions  he  sent  iway  his  trans- 
ports and  forces*  to  Piscata(|ua,  but  was  obliged 
himself  to  wait  upon  his  excelh-ncy  bv  land  to  I'is- 
calacpia  in  order  to  raise  umrv.  forces  in  tiie  way 
thither;  and  did  raist!  a  coin|)any  under  the  connnand 
of  Captain  Ilarridon.f     Taking    care  to  provide   a 

•  This  collpctrtl  ariiiiinifiit  "'onsislcil  (if  550  solilici'^,  in  14 
small  transports,  and  was  provitiod  willi  St)  whale  hoats,  and 
convovnd  bv  three  men  ol'  war  ;  one  nf  .IS,  one  oCSi,  and  one 
of  14  ^iins."   Hutchinson,  II,  l.S'2.     Doin-la>-s  I,  557. 

t  This  name  is  spelt  Harreden  in  IVnhatlow's  history; 
but  his  own  signature  to  the  re^ilve  before  Porlro\al  is  llar- 
ladon.  No  other  mention  i%  mad*'  ol  him  in  the  Indian  wars 
bat  1  have  ecen. 


^^*tm^ 


1 1 


FllENCII  AND  INDIAN  WAllS. 


257 


|iiIoi  r.  .  them  in  tho  hay  oflMiiidy.  (Colonel  Church 
l)(  in«jf  directed  to  one  Fellows  wliom  he  met  with  at 
Ipswich.)  jAikI  <ioii)<^  from  tlioiice  to  Piscattiqua 
with  his  excellency,  was  tli(;re  met  by  that  worthy 
gentleman,  Major  Winthrop  Hilton,*  who  was  very 
liol|)ful  to  him  in  the  whole  expedition,  whose  name 
and  memory  onslii.  /i"t  .     o(;  for";ot. 

JJemg  ready  to  embark  from  Pi'cataqua,  Colonel 
Church  ••(.quested  the  conunimders  of  her  Majesty's 
ships,  Captain  Smi''i,f  and  Captain  Rogers|  to  tarry 
at  i'iscata(jiia  a  forinijiht,  that  so  ihc.y  might  not  be 
discovered  by  the  en  my  before  ho  had  done  some 
spoil  upon  them.  TluMi  inoving^^  in  their  transports, 
as  directed,  got  safe  into  Montinicus,||  undiscovered 
by  the  enemy.  Next  morning  early,  iitted  out  two 
wii.'deboats  with  men,  Captain  John  Cook  in  one, 
and  Captain  Constant  Church  in  the  other,  and  sent 
them  to  (Ireen  islandlT  upon  a  discovery.  And  com- 
ing tiiere,  they  parted,  one  went  to  one  part,  and  the 
other  to  the  other  pari,   that  so  they  might  not  miss 

*  Al'unrlant  materials  aro  jirosprvod  ?nr  a  hicpiraphy  of  this 
pfntlcman.  Ho  was  a  diroct  dcsrondant  of  one  of'  the  tirst 
sctdors  of  Newluuiipsliirc  in  1023.  He  was  a  suecesslul  ofli- 
ccr,  l)ut  lil;e  nninv  otiiers  was  doomed  (o  fall  l>y  savape  hands. 
In  addition  to  \vhat  is  t'ouii  .  ■•!  this  history,  ami  Fenlialiow's 
Indian  Wars,  a  memoir  m..  he  seen  in  I  of  Parmer  and 
iMoore's  (^ol.  'Jll,  'if)!.  He  v,  s  rng;a<^ed  in  the  niaslin;;;  husi-, 
ness  in  Exeter,  wiiere  lie  "ved,  and  havinp;  some  line  trees 
fallen  in  tlic  woods,  went  ..ith  17  men  to  jiecl  the  hark  olT, 
to  save  them  from  the  worms  ;  hnt  a  party  of  Indians,  on 
2.S  .Inne,  17)0,  fired  n^.on  them  IVom  an  arnhn-^h.  and  Uillod 
the  Colonel  and  tw,)  more.  Colonel  Daniel  Pliimer  of  Ep- 
])iii<.>;,  informs  me  that  the  phu-e  where  tlh;j  were  killed  is 
in  the  present  town  ofEp;!'  i^,  N.  II.  Perhaps  not  far  from 
\vhat  i'i  now  called  the  viasi  u'tty. 

t  Commander  of  the  Jersey  I'ligatc. 
I  Commander  of  the  frigate  Gosport. 
§  May  15.  ||  See  note  on  page  255. 

H  A  small  woody  island  about  5  miles  Boulh  easterly  from 
Monlinicus. 

17 


'tii!*l 


J;  I 


>0 


11 

II 

■111  1 

L 


258 


FUKNCII  AND  INDIAN    AAliS. 


of  whut  could  IxMliscovored.  [IFi-n!]'  th(;y  met  with 
old  liafaiirc,*  with  his  two  sons,  Thomas  uiid  Timo- 
thy, and  a  Canada  Indian. 

The  cntniy  s('t'in<f  that  tlu^y  wcro  discovered,  thnnv 
down  their  ducks  and  ei;>?s,  who  had  <j;ot  a  consi(h'r- 
uhle  <|uantity  ol'oach,  and  ran  to  their  canoes,  g(>ttin<]^ 
int(»  them,  stood  directly  for  the  mam.  [On]  look- 
'n\ft  behind  tiiem  perceived  the  whalehoats  to;i;ain  so 
fast  upon  them,  chipt  side  by  side,  and  "dl  four  <^ot 
into  one  canoe,  wiiich  proved  of  littU;  advanta^fe  fo 
them.  For  the  whaleboats  ^aijuul  so  much  u[)iin 
them,  and  j^ot  s->  near,  that  ('a|)tain  Cook,  tiring  ut 
the  steersman,  wiiich  was  the  Indian,  and  ha|)|)ened 
to  graze  his  skull,  and  (juite  spoiled  his  paddling. 
Upon  which  old  liafaure,and  sons,  scieing  their  com- 
panion's condition,  soon  beijged  fi»r  tpiarter,  and  had 
it  granted.  The  two  (^i|)tains  witli  their  success 
presently  returned  to  tln-ir  commander  taking  can; 
that  their  captives  should  not  disc<iurse  together  be- 
fore they  were  examined.  When  brought  lo  Colonel 
Church,  he  ordered  them  to  be  apart,  and  first  pro- 
ceeded to  examine  old  Lafaure,  whom  he  found  t(! 
be  very  surly  and  cross ;  so  that  he  could  gain  no 
intelligence  by  him. 

Upon  which  the  commander  was  resolved  to  put 
^n  practice  what  he  had  formerly  done  at  rfenec-to.f 
Onlering  th?  Indians  to  make  two  large  heaps  of  dry 
wood,  at  some  distance  oiw  fnnn  the  otiuir,  and  to  set 
a  large  stake  in  the  ground,  close  to  each  heap. 
Then  [he]  '>rdered  the  two  sons  Thomas  and  Timo- 
thy, to  be  Drought,  and  to  be  bound  to  the  stakes  ; 
also  ordering  his  Indians  to  paint  themselves  with  co- 
lours, which  tJK^y  had  brought  for  tliat  use.  Then 
the  Colonel   proceeded  to  examine,  first  Tiint)thy; 

•  [where] 

•  Penhallow,  33,  in  N.  H.  Hist.  Col.  1,  calls  him  Monsieur 
fjafebure. 

t  The  jjlacf,  wiiich  on  page  223,  is  spelt  Scnactaca.     See 
note  2  of  that  page. 


KIlKNCIl  AVI)  INDIAN  WAItS. 


2^(\ 


[lie]'  told  liiiii,  [tliiil  ]  lie  li;i(l  ('vaiiruicd  liis  fiitlu  r 
iilrcudy,  iirul  tliat  if  lie  t<<l(l  l\iin  tlic  Iriitli  lie  vv.nild 
save  his  lift',  and  tako  liiui  into  his  s»Tvi(;(';  and  tliat 


he  slKnild  liavc  n( 
0(1,  that  h(!  wouhl  ' 
iii;f|yj  ;jav('  hini  a 
knew,  which  was 
ed  whether  his    hi 
tlian    he  ?   His  answ 
nns  had  a  comtnission 
f)!*  ("ana(hi,  to  eoininand 


iiid  live  Will.      lie  answcif" 

i  th(>  truth.     And  [aecord- 

I  of  every  tliin;;  [tliatj  he 

'  down.      He  l»ein;f  ask- 

is  did  not  know  more 

■i,  lor  his  brother  Tho- 

. .  :     II  from  the  (lovernoiir* 

company  of  Indians,  who 


were  iiatherod  to<f(>ther  at  a  place  where  some  French 
jjeiitlemen,  lately  arrived  from  Canada,  who  were 
oHicers,  to  command  the  rest  that  were  t<»  f^o  wi;st- 
ward  to  fiirht  the  Knijlish  ;f  and  that  there  was  sent 
to  his  fatJK^r,  and  brother  Tom,  a  considerable  (|Miin- 
tity  of  flour,  fruit,  ammunition  and  stores,  for  the 
suppi}  of  the  said  army.  lie  being  asked  vvluither 
he  coidd  pilot  our  forces  to  them  7  said  no;  but 
his  brother  Tom  could,  for  h<^  had  hid  it,  and  that  .he 
was  not  th(Mi  with  him  ?  The  (Colonel  asked  him  what 
gentlemen  those  were  that  came  from  Canada  .'  He 

1  [and] 

•  Vaudrruil. 

t  Tliis  !■<  supposod  tiy  tht>  historian  of  Nfwliainpshire,  to 
bo  ihf  iiriiiy  oi'  wliicli  I'ciiliallow  j^ivos  an  account  ;  who 
inntinicil  in  llifir  march  "alionltlio  phimlcr  that  (hoy  had 
in  view  ;  I'or'jjrttin"!  Ilio  pi ovrrl)  about  ilividinf^  the  skin  be- 
fore tlio  bear  was  killed."  In  conspcinonce  of  liinir  mutiny 
most  ofllicm  returned  ;  but  a  subdivision  of  tbem  fell  ui)on 
l.anca'ter  andCJrolon,  killed  two  or  three  persons,  and  j>;ot 
some  plunder.  !5ut  tlii^^  arniv  d<)(\s  not  coi  respond  \villi  the 
statement  <^iven  hy  Dr.  Belknap.  See  j)a<;e  l(il,i)ole  2. 
Al"ter  .Mr.  I'enliallow  has  yjot  (piitp  thron<i;b  with  the  expedi- 
tion of  Church,  and  the  atVair  under  "  Mr.  Caleli  Lyman"  at 
the  westward,  lie  says,  "  The  I'Vench  in  ('anada  were  now 
forrninsj;  another  design  on  Northampton."  Now  it  apjieara 
tome,  lliattlie  Doctor  is  out  in  his  conji'cture,  and  that  the 
army  meulioned  by  Peidiallow  was  not  the  one  mentioned  by 
our  aithor.  Anil  bad  he  looked  into  Dr.  Douglass,  Summa- 
ry, I,  j57j  lie  would  liave  found  more  particulars  about  it. 


^& 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


A 


^io 


1.0 


I.I 


us 


1^  1^ 

12.2 
2.0 

Is5 


|30 

40 


11.25  1 

u 

1^ 

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6"     - 

► 

Hiotographic 

Sciences 
Corporalion 


33  WIST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTEK.N.Y.  U5S0 

(716)  872-4503 


? 


%" 


h 


II 


2G0 


FRENCH  ANP  INDIAN  WARS. 


answered,  "Monsieur  Gour(l;in,*  and  Mr.  Sharkee.'* 
Being  usked  where  tliey  were  ?  answered,  "  At  Pas- 
6ama(|iiado,  building  a  fort  there."  Being  also  asked 
what  number  of  Indians  and  French  there  were  at 
Penobscot?  he  answered,  [that]  there  were  several 
families,  but  they  lived  scattering.  Asked  him  far- 
ther, if  he  w(»uld  pilot  our  forces  thither?  [He]  an- 
swered [that]  he  would  if  the  commander  would  not 
let  the  savages  roast  him.  Upon  which  the  Colonel 
ord'>red  him  to  be  loosed  from  the  stake,  and  took 
hihi  by  the  hand,  told  him,  he  would  be  as  kind  to 
him  as  his  own  father ;  at  which  he  seemed  to  be 
very  thankful. 

And  then  tiie  Colonel  proceeded  to  examine  his 
brother  Tom.  [He]'  told  him  that  he  had  examined 
his  father  and  krother ;  and  that  his  brother  had  told 
him  every  tittle  [that]  he  knew ;  and  that  he  knew 
more  than  his  brother  Timothy  did ;  and  that  if 
he  would  be  ingenuous  and  confess  all  he  knew,  he 
should  fare  as  well  as  his  brother.  But  if  not,  the 
savages  should  roast  him.  Whereupon  he  solemnly 
promised  that  he  would,  and  that  he  would  pilot  him 
to  every  thing  he  knew,  to  the  value  of  a  knife  and 
sheath  (which  without  doubt  he  did.) 

Then  the  Colonel  immediately  gave  orders  for  the 
whaleboats  to  be  ready,  and  went  directly  over  where 
the  said  goods  and  stores  were,  and  found  them  as 
informed,  took  them  on  board  the  boats,  and  return- 
ed to  their  transports.  And  ordering  provisions  to 
be  put  into  every  man's  knapsack  for  six  or  eight  days  ; 
so  in  the  dusk  of  the  evening  left  their  transports, 
with  orders  how  they  should  act,  and  went  directly 
for  the  main  land  of  Penobscot,  and  mouth  of  that 

1  [and] 

•  Guordfiii  appears  to  be  the  true  oithography  of  this  name. 
He  was  afterward  taken  as  will  presently  be  seen.  Sliarkee 
made  a  very  narrow  escape  with  his  wife  into  the  woods. 
Pcnhaliow,  17,  says  he  was  taken,  but  he  must  be  mistaken 
This  crrour  is  nut  noted  in  the  N.  H.  Hist.  Soc.  Col.  See 
page  24. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS 


261 


river,  with  their  pilots,  Tom  and  Timothy,  who  car- 
ried them  directly  to  every  place  and  habitation, 
both  of  French  and  Indians  thereabouts,  (with  the  as- 
sistance of  one  De  Young*  whom  they  carried  out  of 
Boston  jail  for  the  same  purpose,  [and  he]*  was  ser- 
viceable to  them.) 

Being  there  we  killed  and  took  every  one,  both 
French  and  Indians ;  not  knowing  that  any  one  did 
escape  in  all  Penobscot.  Among  those  that  were 
taken  was  St.  Casteen's  daughter,  who  said  that  her 
husband  was  gone  to  France,  to  her  father,  Monsieur 
Casteen.f  She  having  hc^  children  with  her,  the 
commander  was  very  kind  to  her  and  them.  All  the 
prisoners  that  were  then  taken,  held  to,ono  story  in 
general,  which  they  had  from  Lafaure's  sons,  [viz.,] 
that  there  were  no  more  Indians  thereabouts,  but 
enough  of  them  at  Passamequado. .  Upon  which  they 
returned  to  their  transports  with  their  prisoners  and 
plunder. 

The  commander  giving  order  immediately  for  the 
soldiers  in  the  whaleboats  to  have  a  recruit  of  pro- 
visions for  a  further  pursuit  of  the  enemy.  Giving 
orders  to  the  transports  to  stay  a  few  days  more  there, 
and  then  go  to  Mountdesart, '  (and  there  to  stay  for 
her  Majesty's  ships,  who  were  directed  to  come 
thither,)  and  there  to  wait  his  further  order. 

Then  Colonel  Church  with  his  forces  immediately 
embarked  on  board  their  whaleboats,  and  proceeded 
to  scour  the  coast,  and  to  try,  if  they  could  discover 
any  of  the  enemy  coming  from  Passamequado;  mak- 
ing their  stops  in  the  day  t^me  at  all  the  points  and 
places  where  they  were  certain  [thai]  the  enemy 
would  land,  or  come  by  with  their  canoes,  and  at 
night  to  their  paddles.    Then  coming  near  where  the 

1  [who] 

•  In  Penhallow,  17,  his  name  is  written  D'Young  and  n(/t 
D.  Young  as  reprinted  in  Col.  N.  H.  Hist.  Soe.  I,  33. 
t  Baron  De  St.  Castine.     See  note  1,  on  page  164. 


262 


FIU'.NCH  AND  INDIAN  WAKS. 


vessels  wire  ordtirod  to  come,  having  marie  no  dis- 
covery of  tlie  enemy,  went  directly  to  Mountdesart, 
where  the  transports  were  just  come.  And  takini; 
some  provisions  for  his  soldiers,  gave  directions  for 
the  slii|)s  and  transports  in  six  days  to  come  directly 
to  i'assanietiuado,  where  they  should  find  him  and 
his  forces. 

Tiien  immediately  moved  away  in  the  whaleboats, 
and  made  diligent  search  along  shore,  as  formerly, 
inspiicting  all  places  where  the  enemy  was  liUely 
to  lurk :  Particularly  at  Machias,  but  found  neither 
fires  nor  tracks.  Coining  afterwards  to  the  west  har- 
bour at  Pussamcquado,  where  they  entered  upon  ac- 
tion. An  account  whereof  Colonel  Church  did  com- 
municate to  his  excellency,  being  as  foUoweth. 

"  J\Iay  it  please  your  Excellency, 

I  received  yours  of  this  instant,  October  ninth, 
with  the  two  inclosed  informations,  that  concern  my 
actions  at  Passamequado,  which  I  will  gi\e  a  just 
and  true  account  of,  as  near  as  possibly  I  can,  viz 
On  the  seventh  of  June  last,  1704,  in  the  evening, 
we  entered  in  at  the  westward  harbour  at  said  Pas- 
samequado. Coming  up  said  harbour  to  an  island, 
where  landing,  we  came  to  a  French  house,  and  took 
a  French  woman  and  children.  The  woman  upon  her 
examination,  said  her  husband  was  abroad  a  fishin 
I  asked  her,  whether  there  were  any  Indians  thei 
abouts,'?  she  said  '  Yes,  there  were  a  great  many,  and 
several  on  that  island.'  I  asked  her,  whether  she 
could  pilot  me  to  them?  said  'No,  they  hid  in  the 
woods.'  I  asked  her,  when  she  saw  them  1  answer- 
ed, '  Just  now,  or  a  little  while  since.'  I  asked  her 
whether  she  knew  where  they  had  laid  ihe  canoes  ? 
she  answered  '  No,  they  carried  their  canoes  into  the 
woods  with  them.'  We  then  hastened  away  along 
shore,  seizing  what  prisoners  we  could,  taking  old 
Lotricl  and  his  family. 

This  intelligence  caused  me  to  leave  Colonel  Gor- 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


263 


ham,  and  a  considerable  part  of  my  men,  and  boats 
with  hitn  at  that  island;  partly  to  guard  and  secure 
those  prisoners.  Being  sensible  it  would  be  a  great 
trouble  to  have  them  to  secure  and  guard  at  our  next 
lauding,  where  I  did  really  expect,  and  hoped  to  have 
an  opportunity,  to  fight  our  Indian  enemies.  For  all 
our  French  prisoners  that  we  had  taken  at  Penobscot, 
and  along  shore,  h;id  informed  us,  that  when  we 
came  to  tne  place  where  these  Canada  gentlemen 
lived,  we  should  certainly  meet  with  the  savages  to 
fight  us;  those  being  the  only  men  that  set  the  In- 
dians against  us,  or  upon  us,  and  were  newly  come 
from  Canada,  to  manage  the  war  against  us.  (Plead- 
ing in  this  account  and  information  their  own  inno- 
cency.)  And  partly  in  hopes  that  he,  the  said  Co- 
lonel Gorham,  would  have  a  good  opportunity  in  the 
morning  to  destroy  some  of  those  our  enemies,  (we 
were  informed  [of,]  by  the  said  French  women  as 
above)  with  the  use  of  his  boats  as  I  had  given  di- 
rect i(m. 

Ordering  also  Major  Hilton  to  pass  over  to  the 
next  island,  that  lay  east  of  us  with  a  small  party  of 
men  and  boats,  to  surprise  and  destroy  any  of'  the 
enemy,  that  in  their  canoes  might  go  here  and  there, 
from  any  place,  to  make  their  flight  from  us;  and, 
as  he  had  opportunity,  to  take  any  French  prisoners. 

We  then-immediately  moved  up  the  river,  in  the 
dark  night,  through  great  difficulty,  by  reason  of  the 
eddies  and  whirlpools,  made  with  the  fierceness  of 
ihe  current.  And  here  it  may  be  hinted,  that  we 
had  information,  that  Lotriel  had  lost  part  of  his 
family  passing  over  to  the  next  island,  falling  into 
one  of  those  eddies  were  drowned,  which  the  two  pi- 
lots told  to  discourage  me.  But  I  said  nothing  of 
that  nature  shall  do  it.  For  I  was  resolved  to  ven- 
ture up,  and  therefore,  forthwith  paddling  our  boats 
as  privately  as  we  could,  and  with  as  much  expedi- 
tion as  we  could  make  with  our  paddles  and  the 
help  of  a  strong  tide,  we  came  up  to  Monsieur  Gour- 


S64 


FKENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


h 


dan's  a  little  before  day.  Where  taking  notice  of 
the  shore,  and  finding  it  sxjinewhat  open  and  clear,  I 
ordered  Captain  MiricJi  and  Captain  Cole,  having 
English  companies,  to  tarry  with  several  of  tlie  boats 
to  be  ready,  that  if  any  of  the  enemy  should  come 
down  out  of  the  brush  into  the  bay  (it  being  very 
broad  in  that  place)  with  their  canoes,  they  might 
take  and  destroy  them. 

Ordering  the  remainder  of  the  army,  (being  land- 
ed,) with  myself  and  the  other  officers,  to  march  up 
into  the  woods  with  a  wide  front,  and  to  keep  at  a 
considerable  distance  ;  for  that  if  they  should  run  in 
heaps,  the  enemy  would  have  the  greater  advantage. 
And  further  directing  them,  that  if  possible,  tiiey 
should  destroy  the  enemy  with  their  hatchets,  and 
not  fire  a  gun.  This  order  I  always  gave  at  land- 
ing ;  telling  them  the  inconveniency  of  firing,  in 
that  it  might  be,  first,  dangerous  to  themselves,  they 
being  many  of  them  young  soldiers.  (As  I  had 
sometime  observed,  tliat  one  or  two  guns  being  fired 
many  others  would  fire,  at  they  knew  not  what,  as 
happened  presently  after.)  And  it  would  alarm  the 
enemy,  an^  give  them  the  opportunity  to  make  their 
escape;  and  it  might  alarm  the  whole  country,  and 
also  prevent  all  furtlier  action  from  taking  efiect. 

Orders  being  thus  passed,  we  moved  directly  to- 
wards the  woods.  Le  Faver's*  son  directing  us  to  a 
little  hut  or  wigwam,  which  we  immediately  surround- 
ed with  a  few  men.  The  rest  marching  directly  up 
into  the  woods,  to  see  what  wigwams  or  huts  they 
could  discover.  Myself  made  a  little  stop,  ordering 
the  pilot  to  tell  them  in  the  hut,  that  they  were  sur- 
rounded with  an  army,  and  that  if  they  would  come 
forth  and  surrender  themselves,  they  should  have 
good  quarter  ;  but  if  not,  they  should  be  all  knocked 
on  the  head  and  die. 

One  of  them  showed  himself,  [and]  I  asked  who 

*  The  same,  wlio  in  the  late  preceding  pages  is  called  La* 
faure.     See  note  1 ,  on  page  258. 


FBENCII  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


2C5 


he  was"?  He  said  'Gourdan  ;'  and  begged  for  quar- 
ter. I  told  him  he  should  have  good  quarter  ;  add- 
ing further,  that  if  there  were  any  more  in  the  house, 
they  should  come  out.  Then  came  out  two  men. 
Gourdan  said,  they  were  his  sons,  and  asked  quarter 
for  them,  which  was  also  granted.  Then  came  out 
a  woman,  and  a  little  boy.  She  fell  upon  her  knees, 
begged  quarter  for  herself  and  children,  and  that  I 
would  not  sulfer  the  Indians  to  kill  them.  I  told 
them  they  should  have  good  quarter,  and  not  be 
luirt.  After  which  I  ordered  a  small  guard  over 
them,  and  so  moved  presently  up  with  the  rest  of  my 
company  after  them  that  were  gone  before.  But 
looking  on  my  right  hand,  over  a  little  run,  1  saw 
something  look  black  just  by  me  ;  [IJ  stopped  and 
heard  a  talking  ;  [then]  stepped  over,  and  saw  a  little 
hut  or  wigwam,  with  a  crowd  of  people  round  about 
it,  which  was  contrary  to  my  former  directions,  [l^ 
asked  them  what  they  were  doing'?  They  repli- 
ed, [that]  there  were  some  of  the  enemy  in  a  house 
and  would  not  come  out.  I  asked  what  house  '^ 
they  said,  'A  bark  house.'  I  hastily  bid  them  pull 
it  down,  and  knock  them  on  the  head,  never  asking 
whether  they  wore  French  or  Indians;  they  being 
all  enemies  alike  to  me.* 

*  The  Colonel  was  much  blamed  for  this  hasty  step  ;  and 
Hutchinson  says,  II,  133,  that  he  "excused  himself  but  indif- 
ferently." Of  which,  however,  the  reader  may  judge  as 
well  as  he.  It  does  not  appear  from  a  long  career  of  useful 
services,  that  Church  was  ever  rash  or  cruel.  From  the  ex- 
traordinary situation  of  his  men,  rendered  doubly  critical 
from  the  uatkness  of  the  night,  and  the  almost  certain  intel- 
ligence, that  a  great  army  of  the  enemy  were  at  hand,  is 
thought  to  be  sutlicient  excuse  for  the  measure  ;  the  remark 
of  Hutchinson  to  the  contrary  notwithstanding.  The  same 
author,  II,  128,  excuses  the  French  and  Indians  for  their 
cruelty  in  putting  to  death  prisoners  at  the  ilestruction  of 
Deertield  ;  because  it  was  necessary  to  their  own  preserva- 
tion, and  the  English  had  done  so  too  ;  and  gives  lor  exam- 
j)le  the  action  oi  Henry  V,  who,  after  the  celebrated  battle 
of  Agincourt,  put  to  death  a  lauilitude  of  his  French  {.vitso- 

M 


2C6 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


And  passing  then  to  them,  and  seeing  them  m 
great  disorder,  so  m;iny  of  the  army  in  a  crowd  to- 
gether, acting  so  contrary  to  my  command  and  di- 
rection, exposing  themselves  and  the  wholo  army  to 
utter  ruin,  by  their  so  di  -derly  crowding  thick  to- 
gether. Had  an  enemy  come  upon  them  in  tliat  in- 
terim, and  fired  a  volley  amongst  them,  they  could 
not  have  missed  a  shot.  And  wholly  neglecting 
their  duty  in  not  attending  my  orders,  in  searching 
diligently  for  our  lurking  enemies  in  their  wigwams, 
or  by  their  fires,  where  1  had  great  hopes,  and  real 
expectations  to  meet  with  them. 

I  most  certainly  know  that  I  was  in  an  exceeding 
great  passion ;  but  not  with  those  poor  nnserablu 
enemies ;  for  I  took  no  notice  of  a  half  a  dozen  of 
the  enemy,  when  at  the  same  time  I  expected  to  be 
engaged  with  some  hundreds  of  them;  of  whom  we 
nad  a  continued  account,  who  were  expected  from 
Portroyal  side.  In  this  heat  of  action,  every  word 
that  I  then  spoke,  I  cannot  give  an  account  of;  and 
I  presume  it  is  impossible. 

[  stopped  but  little  here,  but  went  directly  up  in- 
to the  woods,  hoping  to  be  bettor  employed  with  the 
rest  of  the  army.  I  listened  to  hear,  and  looked 
earnestly  to  see  what  might  be  the  next  action. 
But  meeting  with  many  of  the  soldiers  they  told  me 
[that]  they  had  discovered  nothing;  we  fetching  a 
small  compass  round,  came  down  again. 

It  being  pretty  dark,  I  took  notice,  [thfit]  I  saw 
two  men  lay  dead,  as  I  thought,  at  the  end  of  the 
house  wh<!rQ  the  door  was;   and  immediately  the 

nprs,  that  greatly  exceeded  t'lc  number  of  b's  own  army. 
This  was  in  a  liarbarous  age  ;  being  i200  y'^ars  before  tlic 
selUement  of  Ncwengland.  H  ence  it  would  have  been  much 
easier  for  him  to  excusfc-our  hero  than  the  enen>y.  For  ac- 
cording to  the  usages  of  war,  iie  would  have  been  justified  in 
putting  to  death  |)risoners  at  sucli  a  criticaltime.  But  tliese 
were  enemies  who  would  not  submit  ;  or  what  amounted  to 
the  same  thing,  they  would  not  come  out  of  their  bouse 
when  ordered  by  the  forces. 


KRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


2G7 


guns  wv.ul  oil",  aiul  tliey  fired  every  man,  as  I  tI)ou<;ht, 
and  most  towards  tliut  i)liice  where  I  left  the  guard 
with  .Monsieur  Gourdan.  I  liad  inueh  ado  to  stop 
the  firing,  and  told  them,  I  thought  th'jy  were  mad  ; 
and  [tliatj  I  believed  they  had  not  killed  and  wound- 
ed less  than  forty  or  fifty  of  our  own  men.  And  I 
asked  them  what  they  shot  at?  they  answered,  '  At 
a  Frenchnnn  that  ran  away.'  But  to  admiration  no 
man  was  killed  but  he,  [the  Frenchman]  and  one  of 
our  ni'ii  wounded  in  the  leg.  And  I  turning  about, 
a  Frenchman  spoke  to  me,  and  I  gave  him  quarter. 

Daylight  eomin'j  on,  and  no  discovery  made  of  the 
enemy,  I  went  to  the  place  where  I  had  left  Mon- 
sieur Gourdan,  to  examine  him  and  his  sons,  who 
ngreed  in  their  examinations ;  told  me  two  of  their 
men  were  abroad.  It  proved  a  damage.  And 
further  told  me,  that  Monsieur  Sharkee  lived  several 
leagues  up,  at  the  head  of  the  river,  at  the  falls,  and 
all  the  Indians  were  fishing,  and  tending  their  corn 
there;  and  that  Monsieur  Sharkee  hail  sent  down 
to  iiim,  to  come  up  to  him,  to  advise  about  the  In- 
dian army*  that  was  to  go  westward.  But  he  had 
returned  him  answer,  [that]  his  business  was  urgent, 
and  he  could  not  come  up  ;  and  that  Sharkee,  and 
the  Indians  would  certainly  be  down  that  day,  or  the 
next  at  the  furthest,  to  come  to  conclude  of  that 
matter. 

This  was  a  short  night's  action,  and  all  "ensible 
men  do  well  know,  that  actions  done  in  the  dark, 
(being  in  the  night  aforesaid)  under  so  many  dif- 
ficulties, as  we  then  laboured  as  before  related, 
was  a  very  hard  task  for  one  man,  matters  being  cir- 
cumstan(;ed  as  in  this  action,  which  would  not  admit 
of  culling  a  council;  and  at  that  time  could  not  bo 
confined  thereunto.  At  which  time  I  was  transport- 
ed above  fear,  or  any  sort  of  dread;  yet,  being  sensi- 
ble of  the  danger  in  my  army's  crowding  so  thick 
together,  and  of  the  great  duty  intfiunbent  on  me, 

•  See  note  2,  of  page  259 


268 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS 


to  preserve  them  from  »tll  danger  [that]  I  possibly 
could,  for  further  improvement  in  tiie  destruction  of 
our  imphxcablo  enemies,  am  ready  to  com  lude,  tlmt 
I  was  very  (juick  and  absolute  iii  giving  such  com- 
mands and  orders,  as  I  then  appreJiended  most  pro- 
per and  advantageous.  Anrl  had  it  not  been  for  the 
intelligence  I  had  received  from  tlie  French,  wo  took 
at  Penobscot,  as  before  hinted ;  and  the  false  report 
[that]  the  French  women  (first  took)  gave  me,  I  had 
not  been  in  such  haste. 

I  question  not,  but  those  Frenchmen  that  were  slain, 
had  the  same  good  (juarter  of  other  prisoners.  But 
I  ever  looked  on  it,  a  good  providence  of  Almighty 
Xjod,  that  some  few  of  our  cruel  and  bloody  enemies 
were  made  sensible  of  their  bloody  cruelties,  perpe- 
trated on  my  dear  and  loving  friends  and  countrymen  ; 
and  that  the  same  measure  (in  part)  mi  tted  to  them, 
as  they  had  been  guilty  of,  in  a  barbarous  manner  at 
Deerfield  ;  and,  I  hope,  justly.  I  hope  God  Almighty 
will  accept  hereof,  although  it  may  not  be  eligible  to 
our  French  implacable  enemies,  and  such  others  as 
are  not  our  friends. 

The  Ibregoing  journal,  and  this  short  annexment, 
I  thouglit  it  my  duty  to  exhibit,  for  the  satisfaction  of 
my  friends  and  countrymen,  whom  I  very  faithfully 
and  willingly  served  in  the  late  expedition.  And  I 
hope  will  find  acceptance  with  your  excellency,  the 
honourable  council  an<l  Representatives  now  assem- 
bled, as  being  done  from  the  zeal  I  had  in  the  said 
service  of  her  Majesty,  and  her  good  subjects  here. 
I  remain  your  most  humble  and  obedient  servant, 

BENJAMIN  CHURCH." 


I 


This  night's  service  being  over,  immediately  Col- 
onel Church  leaves  a  sufficient  guard  with  Gourdan 
and  the  other  prisoners,  mov  d  in  some  whaleboats 
with  the  rest ;  and  as  they  were  going,  spied  a 
small  thing  upon  the  water  at  a  great  distance,  which 
proved  to  be  a  birch  canoe  with  two  Indians  in  her 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


2C9 


The  Colonel  pr(!sontly  ordered  the  lij^htcst  boat  he 
hnd,  to  make  the  best  of  her  way,  and  cut  them  otF 
from  tlie  shore.  Hut  the  Indians  perceiving  their  dc- 
sii^n,  ran  their  canoe  ashore  and  fled.  Coh)nel 
Cluircli  fearing  [tliat]  they  woukl  run  directly  to 
Sharkee,  inu(l(!  all  the  exoedition  imaginable.  But 
it  being  ebb,  and  the  water  low,  was  obliged  to  land, 
and  make  tlie  best  of  their  way  through  the  woods, 
hoping  to  intercept  the  Indians,  and  get  to  Sharkee's 
house  before  them,  which  was  two  miles  from  where 
our  forces  landed. 

The  Colonel  being  ancient  and  unwieldy,  desired 
Sergeant  Edee  to  run  with  him.  And  coming  to 
several  trees  fallen  which  he  could  not  creep  under, 
or  readily  get  over,  would  lay  his  breast  against  the 
tree,  the  said  Edee  turning  iiim  over,  generally  had 
eatlttck,  falling  on  his  feet,  by  which  means  [he] 
kept  in  the  front.  And  coming  near  to  Sharkee's 
house,  discovered  some  French  and  Indians  making 
n  wear*  in  the  river,  and  presently  discovered  the  two 
Indians  aforementioned,  who  called  to  them  at  work 
in  the  river,  [and]  told  them,  [that]  "  there  was  an 
army  of  English  an  Indians  just  by."  [They]^  im- 
mediately left  tlieir  work  and  ran,  endeavouring  to 
get  to  Sharkee's  house.  [He]''  hearing  the  noise, 
took  his  lady  and  child  and  ran  into  the  woods.  Our 
men  running  briskly,  fired  and  killed  one  of  the  In- 
dians, and  took  the  rest  prisoners. 

Then  going  to  Sharkee's  house  found  a  woman  and 
child,  to  whom  they  gave  good  (|uarter.  And  find- 
ing that  Madam  Sharkee  had  left  her  silk  clothes  and 
fine  linen  behind  her,  our  forces  were  desirous  to  have 
pursued  and  taken  her.  But  Colonel  Church  forbade 
them ;  saying  he  would  have  her  run  and  sulfer,  that 
she  might  be  made  sensible,  what  hardships  our  poor 
people  had  suftered  by  them,  Sic.  [Me]  then  pro- 
1  [who]  s  [who] 

•  Or,  wier,  a  rack  to  catch  fish  in. 


270 


FIIKNCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


coc<l<'(l  to  c.xainiiio  tin;  |)ris()in!rs  iii-wlv  tiikcd,  who 
gave  him  th<!  siime  nccoiiiit  [that]  he  had  hcforc,  of 
the  IiidiuiiH  l>eiii<^  up  at  the  t'allH,  &,v..  It  l)('iii;r  juHt 
ni^iht,  prevented  our  attaekin;;  them  tliat  iii;u;ht. 

Hut  next  inoruin^j;  early,  they  moved  up  to  the  fulls 
whicli  was  ahout  a  mile  higher.  Hut  (h)ubtless  the 
enemy  had  some  intelhgence  by  the  two  aforesaid  In- 
dians, before  our  forecs  came,  so  that  they  all  got  on 
the  other  side  of  the  river,  and  left  some  of  their 
goods  by  the  water  side  to  decoy  our  men,  that  so 
they  might  fire  up(»n  them;  which  indeed  th(!yeHect- 
e(|.  Hut  through  the  good  providene(;  of  Cod,  never 
a  man  of  ours  was  killed,  and  but  one  sliglitly  wound- 
ed. After  a  short  disj)ute.  Colonel  Chureh  ordi^n.'d 
that  every  man  might  take  what  they  pleased  of  the 
fish,  which  lay  bundled  up,  and  to  burn  the  rest, 
which  was  a  great  (juantity.  The  enemy  seeing  what 
our  forces  were  about,  and  that  their  stock  of  (ish 
was  destroyed,  and  the  season  being  over  for  g(!tting 
any  more,  set  up  a  hideous  cry,  and  so  ran  all  away 
into  the  woods.  They  being  all  on  the  other  side  of 
the  river,  ours  could  not  follow  them. 

Having  done,  our  forces  marched  down  to  their  boats, 
at  Sharkee's,  and  took  their  prisoners,,  beaver,  and 
otiier  plunder  which  they  had  got,  and  put  it  into 
their  boats,  and  went  down  to  Gourdan's  house,  wh(!re 
they  had  left  I^ieutenant  Colonel  Gorham,  and  Major 
Hilton,  with  part  of  the  forces  to  guard  th(!  prisoners, 
(and  kept  a  good  look  out  for  more  of  the  enemy) 
who  upon  the  Colonel's  return,  gave  him  an  account 
that  they  had  made  no  discovery  of  the  enemy  since 
he  left  them,  <fc,c. 

Just  then  her  Majesty's  ships  and  transports  arriv- 
ing, the  commanders  of  her  Majesty's  ships  told  Col- 
onel Church,  that  they  had  orders  to  go  directly  for 
Portroyal  gut,  and  wait  the  coming  of  some  store 
ships,*  which  were  expected  at  Portroyal  from  France. 

•  No  shins  arrived,  or  at  least,  we  have  no  account  of  any. 
Holmes,  II,  65,  mentions,  sub  anno  1705,  that  a  rich  ship 


FRENCH  AM)  INDIAN  WARS. 


271 


And  Cf)l()ru'l  Cliurcli  advisiiif^  witli  tlicni,  proposed 
tliat  it  was  very  (.'.vpfdicnt  and  si'rvi<M!al)lo  to  tliu 
crouii,  tlialCaptiiin  Soutliack  in  tlic  Province  /jalloy 
slionid  accom|iany  tlioui,  which  thfjy  did  readily  ac- 
quiesce with  Inni  in. 

Upon  which,  the  Colonel  immediately  embarked 
his  lori'c.'s  on  board  the  transports,  and  himself  on 
board  ('aptain  Jarvis,  ordering;  the  commissary  (»f  the 
stores,  the  minister,  snrgeons  and  pilots  all  to(!rnbark 
on  board  the  same  vessel  with  liim.  Ordering  all 
the  whaleboats  to  l)e  put  on  board  the  transports,  and 
then  to  come  to  sail.  The  ships  standing  away  (or 
Portroyal  gut,  and  Colonel  Church  with  the  trans- 
ports for  iVienis.  In  their  way  the  Colonel  incpaired 
of  their  pilot,  Fellows,  what  depth  of  water  there  was 
in  the  creek,  near  the  town  of  Menis  9  he  answered 
him,  that  there  was  water  enough,  near  the  town,  to 
float  that  vessel,  they  were  in,  at  low  water. 

So,  when  coming  near,  Colonel  Church  observed  a 
.voody  island  between  them  and  the  town,  that  they 
ran  up  on  the  back  side  of,  (the  said  island)  with 
all  their  transports,  undiscovered  to  the  enemy,  and 
came  to  anchor.  Then  the  Colonel  and  all  his  for- 
ces embarked  in  the  whaleboats.  It  being  late  in  the 
day,  [they]  moved  directly  for  the  town ;  and  in  the 
way  asked  for  the  pilot,  who,  he  expected,  was  in  one 
of  the  boats;  but  he  had  given  him  the  slip,  and  tar- 
ried behind.  The  Colonel  not  knowing  the  dillicul- 
ties  that  might  attend  their  going  up  to  the  town,  mi- 
mcdiately  sent  Lieutenant  Giles,  who  could  speak 
French,  with  a  flag  of  truce  up  to  the  town,  (with  a 

namod  the  Siene,  was  taken,  the  {jreeeding  autumn,  by  tlie 
Enghsh  ;  and  that  ^l\e  was  bound  to  Quebeek,  with  a  cari^o 
amounting  to  nearly  a  million  of  livres.  But  this  was  in 
June,  hence  it  docs  not  agree  with  the  Kipposition  that  said 
.'hin  was  taken  by  Church's  convoy.  He  cite.-i  Charlevoix, 
anu  the  Universal  History.  Dr.  Douglass,  I,  557,  in  this, 
as  well  as  many  other  cases,  comes  baj)j)ily  to  our  relief.  Ho 
informs  us,  that  this  ship  •  was  taken  by  an  English  Vir- 
ginia Fleet." 


9v  •> 
'Sm   f  < ) 

1 1' 

■'I  I 

vl 

■ii  I 

^1  m  I 


272 


FUENCU  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


summons,  which  was  written  before  they  landed,)  ex- 
pecting their,  surrender,  which  is  as  followeth. 

"  Aboard  her  Majesty's  Ship  Adventure,  near  the  gut 
of  Menis,  June  20,  1704. 

An  agreement  made  by  the  field  officers  commanding 
her  Majesty's  forces  for  the  present  expedition 
against  the  French  enemies,  and  Indian  rebels. 

Agreed,  that  a  declaration  or  summons  be  sent  on 
shore  at  Menis  and  Portroyal,  under  a  flag  of  truce. 

Particularly,  we  do  declare  to  you,  the  many  cruel- 
ties and  barbarities  that  you  and  the  Indians  have 
been  guilty  of  towards  us,  in  laying  waste  our  coun- 
try here  in  the  east  at  Casco,  and  the  places  adja- 
cent. Particularly,  the  horrid  action  at  Deerfield, 
this  last  winter,  in  killing,  massacreing,  murdering 
and  scalping,  without  giving  any  notice  at  all,  or  op- 
portunity to  ask  quarter  at  your  hands ;  and,  after  all, 
carrying  the  remainder  into  captivity  in  the  height 
of  winter,  (of  which  they  killed  many  in  the  journey) 
and  exposed  the  rest  to  the  hardships  of  cold  and 
famine,  worse  than  death  itself.  Which  cruelties  we 
are  yet  every  day  exposed  unto  and  exercised  with. 

We  do  also  declare,  that  we  have  already  made 
some  beginnings  of  killing  and  scalping  some  Cana- 
da men,  (which  we  have  not  been  wont  to  do  or  al- 
low) and  are  now  come  with  a  great  army  of  English 
and  Indians,  all  volunteers,  with  resolutions  to  sub- 
due you,  and  make  you  sensible  of  your  cruelties  to 
us,  by  treating  you  after  the  same  manner. 

At  this  time  we  expect  our  men  of  war  and  tran- 
sport ships  to  be  at  Portroyal.  (We  having  but  late- 
ly parted  with  them.) 

In  the  last  place,  we  do  declare  to  you,  that  in- 
asmuch as  some  of  you  have  shown  kindness  to  our 
captives,  and  expressed  a  love  tc,  and  desire  of  be- 
ing under  the  English  government,  we  do  therefore, 
notwithstanding  all  this,  give  you  timely  notice,  and 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


"73 


ib4< 


do  demand  a  surrender  immediately,  by  the  laying 
down  your  arms,  upon  which,  we  promise  very  good 
quarter  ;  if  not,  you  must  expect  tiie  utmost  severity. 
To  the  chief  commander  of  the  town  of  Mcnis, 
and  the  inhabitants  thereof,  and  we  expect  your  an- 
swer, positively,  vvitiun  an  hour. 

Benjamin  CiiuncH,  Col. 

John  Gorham,  Lieut.  Col. 

WiNTHROP  Hilton,  Maj." 

Then  moving  to  the  creek,  expecting  to  have  had 
water  enough  for  the  boats,  as  the  pilot  had  informed 
them,  but  found  not  water  enough  for  a  canoe.  So 
[they]  were  obliged  to  land,  intending  to  have  been 
up  at  the  town  before  the  h.>ur  was  out,  that  the 
summons  expressed.  For  their  return  was,  "  that 
if  our  forces  would  not  hurt  their  estates,  then  they 
would  surrender,  if  otherwise  intended,  they  should 
fight  for  them,"  &c. 

But  meeting  with  several  creeks,  near  twenty  or 
thirty  feet  deep,  which  were  very  muddy  and  dirty; 
so  that  the  army  could  not  get  over  them,  [and]  were 
obliged  to  return  to  their  boats  again,  and  wait  till 
within  night,  before  the  tide  served  them  to  go  up 
to  the  town.  And  then  [they]  intended  to  go  up 
pretty  near  the  town,  and  not  to  foil  to,  till  morning; 
beir.g  in  hopes  that  the  banks  of  the  creeks  would 
shelter  thorn  from  the  enemy.  But  the  tide's  rising 
so  high,  exposed  them  all  to  the  enemy ;  who  had 
the  trees  and  woods  to  befriend  tiiem;  and  so  came 
down  in  the  night,  and  fired  smartly  at  our  forces. 
But  Colonel  Church  being  in  a  pinnace,  that  had  a 
small  cannon  placed  in  the  head,  ordered  it  to  bo 
charged  several  times  with  bullets,  in  small  bags, 
and  lired  at  the  enemy;  which  made  such  a  rattling 
amoligst  the  trees,  tliat  [it]  caused  the  enemy  to 
tlraw  off.  And  by  the  great  providence  of  Almighty 
God,  not  one  of  our  forces  was  hurt  that  night.     But 

M       13 


11 


274 


FRENX'H  A.\D  INDIAN  WAUS. 


as  T  have  been  informed,  [the  enemy]'  iiad  one  In- 
dian killed,  and  some  others  wounded,  which  was 
some  discouragement  to  [them.]' 

Next  morning,  by  break  of  day,  Colonel  Church 
ordered  all  his  forces  (and  placed  Major  Hilton  on 
the  right  wing)  to  run  all  up,  driving  tiie  enemy  be- 
fore them  ;  who  leaving  their  town  to  our  forces,  but 
had  carried  away  the  best  of  their  goods,  which  wire 
soon  found  by  our  soldiers.  The  bulk  of  the  enemy 
happening  to  lie  against  our  rigiit  wing,  caused  the 
hottest  dispute  there.  [They]'  lay  behind  logs  and 
trees,  till  our  forces,  and  Major  Hilton,  who  led  them, 
came  [ — ]''  upon  them,  and  forced  them  to  run. 
And  notwitlistanding  the  siiarp  firing  of  the  enemy 
at  our  forces,  by  the  repeated  providence  of  God, 
there  was  never  a  man  of  ouiii  killed  or  wounded. 

Our  soidiers  not  having  been  long  in  town,  before 
they  found  considerable  quantities  of  strong  drink, 
both  brandy  and  claret ;  and  being  very  greedy 
after  it,  especially  the  Indians,  were  very  disorderly; 
firing  at  every  pig,  turkey,  or  fowl  [that]  they  saw ; 
of  which  [there]  were  very  plenty  in  the  town, 
wliich  endangered  our  own  men.  Colonel  Church 
perceiving  the  disorder,  and  firing  of  his  own  men, 
ran  to  put  a  stop  to  it,  [and]  had  several  shot  como 
very  near  him.  And  finding  what  had  occasioned 
this  disorder,  commanded  his  officers  to  knock  out 
the  heads  of  every  cask  of  strong  liquor  they  could 
find  in  the  town,  to  prevent  any  further  disturbance 
among  his  army;  knowing,  [that]  it  was  impossible 
to  have  kept  it  from  them,  especially  the  Indians,  if 
it  were  saved,  &c. 

Then  some  of  the  army  who  were  desirous  to 
pursue  the  enemy,  having  heard  them  driving  away 
their  cattle,  requested  the  Colonel  to  let  them  go. 
[lie]*  uid,  and  gave  them  their  orders.  Captain 
Cooke,  and  Captain  Church  to  lead  the  two  wings 
»  [they]     '  [the  enemy]     3  [who]     ^  [on]    5  [who] 


n-'- 


niF^NCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


275 


and  Tjeutenant  l»iiikcr,*  wlio  led  tin;  Colonel's  coin- 
piiny,  ill  the  centre.  And  llie  said  Captain  Cooke 
and  Capta.n  Cluireli  desired  Lientenant  liarker  not 
to  move  too  fast;  so  that  he  might  have  the  benefit 
of  their  ussi^tance,  if  he  had  oeeasion.  IJut  tiie  said 
LieuTenant  not  being  so  careful  as  he  should  have 
been,  or  at  least  was  too  eager,  was  shot  down,  and 
another  man,  which  were  all  the  men  that  were  kill- 
eil  in  the  whole  expedition. f 

Towards  night.  Colonel  Church  ordered  some  of 
his  forces  to  pull  down  some  of  the  houses,  and 
others  to  get  logs  and  make  a  fortification  for  his 
whole  army  to  lodge  in,  that  night ;  that  so  they 
might  be  together.  And  just  before  night  [hej  or- 
dered some  of  his  men  to  go  [and]  see  if  there  were 
any  men  in  any  of  the  houses  in  the  town  ;  [andj  if 
[there  were]  not,  to  set  them  all  on  fire,  which  was 
done ;  and  the  whole  town  seemed  to  be  on  fire  all 
at  once,  Slc. 

The  next  morning  the  Colonel  gave  orders  to  his 
men,  to  dig  down  the  dams,  and  let  the  tide  in,  to 
destroy  all  their  corn,  and  every  thing  that  was  good 
according  to  his  instructions  ;\  and  to  burn  the  for- 
tification which  they  had  built  the  day  before  ;  and 
when  the  tide  served  to  put  all  the  plunder  which 
they  had  got  into  the  boats.  Then  ordering  his  sol- 
diers to  march  a  good  distance  one  from  another, 
which  causctl  the  enemy  to  think  that  there  were  no 
less  than  a  thousand  men,  as  they  said  afterwards ; 
an<l  that  the  burning  of  the  fortification,  and  doing 
as  they  did,  caused  the  enemy  to  think  that  they  were 

•  Cliarlovoix,  in  his  account  of  the  taking  of  Menis,  says, 
that  ttic  Lieulonant  Grnoial  of  the  English  forces,  was  kill- 
ed, by  which  the  Lieutenant  of  Church's  comj>any  is  meant. 

t  PenhuUow  i  i  N.  H.  Hist.  Col.  I,  34,  says  "  not  above  six 
t'.ie'l  in  the  whole  ex])eilition." 

J  Tliu3  do  governments  cause  such  horrid  scenes.  But  is 
the  crime  lessened?  They  are  considered  riglit  in  the  trade 
and  custom  of  war.     But  is  it  so  on  that  account? 


mr''^ 


i'?«sfs3aptai^a 


276 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


gone  clear  off",  and  not  to  return  again.  But  it  prov- 
ed to  the  contrary ;  for  Colonel  Church  and  his  for- 
ces, only  went  aboard  their  transports,  and  there  staid 
till  the  tide  served.  In  the  night  [thtjy]'  embarked 
on  board  their  wlmleboats,  landed  some  of  their  men, 
expecting  !'iey  might  meet  with  some  of  the  enemy 
mending  tlK-i.  dams  ;  which  they  did.  And  with 
their  boats  went  up  another  branch  of  the  river  to 
another  town  or  village,  [and]  upon  such  a  surprise, 
[that  theyj  took  as  many  prisoners  as  they  could  de- 
sire. 

And  it  happened  that  Colonel  Church  was  at  the 
French  Captain's  house  when  two  gentlemen  came 
post  from  the  Governour*  of  Portroyal  to  him,  who 
was  the  chief  commander  at  Menis,  with  an  express 
to  send  away  two  companies  of  men  to  defend  the 
King's  fort  there  ;  and  to  give  him  an  account,  tiiat 
there  were  three  English  men  of  war  come  into  Port- 
royal  gut,  or  harbour ;  and  that  the  men  sent  for 
must  be  posted  awp.y  with  all  speed.  Colonel  Church 
as  was  said  before,  being  there,  treated  the  two  gen- 
tlemen very  handsomely,  and  told  them,  [thatj  he 
would  send  them  back  again  post  to  their  master 
upon  his  business.  And  bid  them  give  him  his  hearty 
thanks  for  sending  him  such  good  news,  that  part  of 
his  fleet  was  in  so  good  a  harbour.  Then  reading 
the  summons  to  them  that  he  had  sent  to  Menis. 
Further  added,  that  tiieir  master,  the  Governour  of 
Portroyal,  must  immediately  send  away  a  post  to  the 
Governour  of  Canada,  at  Quebeck,  to  prevent  his 
furtiier  sending  any  of  his  cruel  and  bloody  French, 
ami  savages,  as  he  had  lately  dor'.e  upon  Deerfield, 
where  they  had  committed  such  horrible  and  bloody 
outrages  upon  those  poor  people,  tliat  never  did 
'  [hi^] 

•  Mons.  ur  Dp  Siihorcaso,  this  year  canin  in  to  bo  ejnvern- 
oiir  of  Acailio.  t'oitioV''!,  I  wu>i)t'f'  was  liis  j)rinci|)al  scat. 
The  next  year  lie  drove  the  Enylitili  Iron)  NewfouJiJlandi 
biiii  dcbtroyed  ihcir  scUlemcnU.    liolmjs  II,  05. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS 


277 


them  nny  harm,  as  is  intolerable  to  think  of,  and 
that  for  the  future,  if  any  such  hostilities  were  mnde 
upon  oui  frontier  towns,  or  any  of  them,  he  would 
come  out  with  a  thousand  savages,  and  whaleboats 
convenient,  and  turn  his  back  upon  them,  and  let 
his  savages  scalp,  and  roast  the  French  ;  or,  at  least, 
treat  them  as  tl>eir  savages  had  treated  ours. 

[^He]  also  gave  them  an  account  of  part  of  that 
action  at  Passamequado,  and  how  that  his  soldiers 
had  killed  and  scalped  some  Canada  men  there,  and 
would  be  glad  to  serve  them  so  too,  if  he  would  per- 
mit them,  whiclv  terrified  them  very  much,*  &-c. 
The  two  French  gentlemen  that  came  post,  made 
solemn  promises,  that  they  would  punctually  do  the 
Colonel's  message  to  their  Governour.  So  with  the 
desire  of  the  French  people  there,  that  the  Govern- 
our might  have  this  intelligence,  Colonel  Church 
dismissed  them,  and  sent  them  away ;  telling  the 
same  story  to  several  of  the  prisoners,  and  what  they 
must  expect,  if  some  speedy  course  were  not  taken 
to  prevent  further  outrages  upon  the  English.  The 
number  of  prisonersf  then  present,  which  were  con- 
siderable, did  unanimously  entreat  of  Colonel  Church, 
that  he  would  take  them  under  the  protection  of  the 
crown  of  England ;  making  great  promises  of  their 
fidelity  to  the  same ;  begging  with  great  agony  of 
spirit  to  save  their  lives,  and  to  protect  them  from 
his  savages,  whom  they  extremely  dreaded. 

As  to  the  matter  of  the  savages,  he  told  them, 

[that]  it  would  be  just  retaliation  for  him  to  permit 
lis  savages  to  treat  the  French  in  the  same  manner, 
as  the  French  with  their  savages  treated  our  friends 
in  our  frontier  towns.  But  as  to  his  taking  them  un- 
der the  protection  of  the  crown  of  England,  he  ut- 

•  This,  the  commander  of  Portroyal,  says  Eatchinson, 
must  know  to  be  a  gasconade. 

t  Penhallow  says,  that  in  this  expedition  one  hundred  pri- 
soners were  taken.  So  says  Dr.  Douglass,  I,  307  ;  probably 
on  the  same  authority. 


27S  KHKNCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 

trrly  rrfiisod  it;  nrjjing  to  tlu-in,  their  former  perfi- 
dindsiiess.  ''"Iiey  also  urging  to  him,  tluit  it  woiilil  be 
iiii|)nssil)le  for  any  French  to  live  any  where  in  the 
bay  of  Kinidy,  if  they  were  not  taken  under  the  Eng- 
lish government.  For  with  the  benefit  of  the  whale- 
boats,  (as  the  English  called  them)  they  could  take 
and  destroy  all  th(;ir  people  in  the  town  of  Menis, 
in  one  night.  But  he  replied  to  them,  [that]  it  siiould 
never  be.  Alleging  to  tlieni,  that  when  they  were 
so  before,  when  Portroyal  was  taken  last  by  the  Eng- 
lish,* tiiat  it  proved  of  very  ill  conseijuence  to  the 
crown  of  England,  and  the  subjects  thereof  in  our 
frontiers.  For  that  our  English  traders  supplying 
them,  enabled  them  (which  op|)ortunity  they  improv- 
ed) to  supply  the  Indians,  our  bloody  enemies;  and, 
therefore,  he  could  make  no  other  terms  of  peace 
with  them,  thr  .1,  that  if  the  French  at  Menis,  Sig- 
necVo,  and  Canada,  would  keep  at  home  with  their 
bloody  savages,  and  not  commit  any  hostilities  upon 
any  of  our  frontiers,  we  would  return  home  and  leave 
them.  For  that  we  lived  at  a  great  distance  off,  and 
had  not  come  near  them  to  hurt  them  now,  had  not 
the  blood  of  our  poor  friends  and  brethren,  in  all 
the  frontiers  of  our  province  cried  for  vengeance. 
Especially,  that  late  unheard  of  barbarity  conunitted 

*  It  IS  situated  on  the  west  side  of  Novascotia,  on  a  river 
of  Ihc  same  name,  which  (lows  into  the  hay  of  F  undy.  Men- 
tion has  hecn  made  of  tlie  expedition  toCanailain  1690,  un- 
der Sir  William  Phips  ;  the  reduction  of  Portroyal  uas  exe- 
cuted under  the  same  gentleman,  in  the  same  year,  hut  pre- 
vious. Il  was  commanded  hy  Gov.  Menival,  who  huilt  il  ahout 
1663.  When  Phips  took  it,  it  was  hoth  "  ill  fortitled  and  ill 
provided."  See  mte  1,  on  page  177.  It  was  in  no  condition 
to  stand  a  siege,  and  suiiniitted  without  resistance.  (Hutch- 
inson, I,  3.V2.)  Bit  it  was,  in  1705,  retaken  by  the  French. 
Again  ii  1710,  a  large  armament  under  Col.  Nicholson  went 
against  it,  of  which  they  made  an  easy  conquest.  There 
were  hut  '260  nn-n  to  defend  it.  The  English  had  5  fi  igatas, 
5  lower  rates,  and  24  transports.  After  it  was  la'*en  the 
name  was  changed  from  Port  Royal  to  Annapolis  royal, 
which  it  vet  retains. 


FRENCH  AND   INDIAN  WARS. 


279 


upon  the  town  of  Dccrtiolcl ;  which  wrought  sogcne- 
mlly  on  the  hearts  ot"  our  people,  that  our  forceg 
came  out  with  that  unanimity  of  spirit,  both  among 
the  English  and  our  savages,  that  we  had  not,  nor 
needed  n  pressed  man  among  them.  The  Colonel 
also  telling  them,  that  if  ever  hereafter  any  of  our 
frontiers,  east  or  west,  were  molested  by  them,  as 
formerly,  that  he  would,  (if  God  spared  his  life)  and 
they  might  depend  ipon  it,  return  upon  them  with  a 
thousand  of  his  savrges,  (if  he  wanted  them,)  all  vo- 
lunteers, with  our  whaleboats,  and  pursue  them  to 
the  last  extremity. 

The  Colonel's  warm  discourse  with  them,  wrought 
such  a  consternation  in  them,  which  they  discovered 
by  their  panick  fears  and  trembling,  their  hearts  sen- 
sibly beating,  and  rising  up,  as  it  were,  ready  to  choke 
them.  [TheyJ  confessed,  that  they  were  all  his  pri- 
soners, and  begged  of  him,  for  JESUS'  sake,  to  save 
their  lives,  and  the  lives  of  their  poor  families,  with 
such  melting  terms,  as  wrought  relentings  in  the 
Colonel's  breast  towards  them.  But  however,  he  told 
tlum,  that  his  intent  was  to  carry  as  many  prisoners 
home  as  he  could  ;  but  that  he  had  taken  so  many, 
they  were  more  than  he  had  occasion  for,  nor  desired 
any  more;  and,  therefore,  he  would  leave  them. 

The  Colonel  resolving  the  next  day  to  complete  all 
his  action  at  Menis,  and  so  draw  off.  Accordingly, 
[he]  sent  his  orders  to  Colonel  Gorham  and  Major 
Hilton,  with  all  the  Erjglish  companies,  both  officers 
and  soldiers,  except  some  few,  which  he  thought  he 
micht  have  occasion  for,  to  go  with  the  Intlians  in  the 
whaleboats.  up  the  eastward  river,  where  aMurdpart 
of  the  inhabitants  lived.  That  so  he  might  prevent 
any  refleclion  made  on  them,  in  leaving  any  part  of 
the  service  undone.  And  therefore,  in  the  evening, 
ordered  all  the  whaleboats  to  be  laid  ready  for  the 
night's  service.  And,  accordingly  when  the  tide  serv- 
ed, he  went  with  his  Indians  up  the  rivet,  where  tliey 
did  souje  spoil  upon  the  enemy  going  up. 


rz 


280 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


In  the  morning,  several  of  their  transports  came  to 
meet  tliem,  to  their  great  rejoicing,  whom  they  went 
on  board  [of]  and  soon  came  up  with  the  whole  fleet, 
with  whom  they  joined,  bending  their  course  directly 
towards  Portr(»yal,  where  they  were  ordered.  Com- 
ing to  Portroyal  gut,  where  their  ships  were,  and  call- 
ing a  council  according  to  his  instructions,  drew  up 
their  result,  which  is  as  followeth.* 

"  Present  all  the  Field  Officers  and  Captains  of  the 
land  forces,  aboard  the  province  Galley,  4th  July, 
1704,  in  Portroyal  harbour. 

We  whose  names  are  hereunto  subscribed,  having 
deliberately  considered  the  cause  in  hand,  whether  it 
be  proper  to  land  all  our  forces,  to  offend  and  destroy 
as  much  as  we  can  at  Portroyal,  all  or  any  part  of  the 
inhabitants  thereof,  and  their  estates,  we  are  of  opin- 
ion, that  it  is  not  for  our  interest  and  honour,  and  the 
sountry's  whom  we  serve,  to  land  and  expose  our- 
selves ;  but  quit  it  wholly,  and  go  on  about  our  other 
business,  we  have  to  do;  for  this  reason,  that  we 
judge  ourselves  inferiour  to  the  strength  of  the  ene- 
my ;  and,  therefore,  the  danger  and  risk  we  run,  is 
greater  than  the  advantage  we  can,  or  are  likely  to 
obtain ;  seeing,  the  enemy  hath  such  timely  notice, 
and  long  opportunity  to  provide  themselves  against 
us;  by  our  ships'  lying  here  in  the  road  about  twelve 
days  befora  we  could  join  them  from  Menis,  where 
we  were  during  that  time,  and  being  so  meanly  pro- 
vided with  necessaries,  convenient  for  such  an  under- 
taking with  so  small  a  number  of  men,  not  being 
four  hundred,  capable  and  fit  for  service  to  land ; 
and,  understanding,  by  all  the  intelligence  we  can 

•  That  any  steps  should  be  taken,  or  even  any  thing  said 
ahout  reducing  Portroyal,  may  seem  strange,  after  they  had 
been  so  peremptorily  refused,  by  the  Governour,  as  has  been 
related  m  the  preceding  history.     See  j)age  253. 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


281 


get,  from  both  English,  and  French  prisoners,  that 

the  fort  is  exceeding  strong. 

John  Gokmam,  LAeut.  Col. 
WiNTiiKOP  Hilton,  Major, 
Jno.  BitowN, 
Jamks  Cole, 
John  Cook, 

Isaac  Mykick,  ^ 

John  Harkadon, 
Constant  Chuuch, 
John  Dyer, 
Joshua  Lamb, 
Caleb  Williamson, 
EuwARD  Church." 

"  Having  pursuant  to  my  instructions,  taken  the  ad- 
vice of  the  gentlemen  above  subscribed,  and  con 
sidering   the  weight  of  their  reasons,  I  do  concu 
therevvUh.  BENJAMIN  CHURCH." 

"Whereas  Colonel  Church  hath  desired  our  opin- 
ions, as  to  the  landing  the  forces  at  Portroyal,  they 
being  but  four  hundred  effective  men  to  land  ;  and 
by  ail  the  information,  both  of  French  and  English 
prisoners,  the  enemy  having  a  greater  number  of  men, 
and  much  better  provided  to  receive,  than  they  are 
to  attack  them,  we  do  believe,  it  is  for  the  service  of 
llie  crown,  and  the  preservation  of  her  Majesty's  sub- 
iccts,  to  act  as  above  mentioned. 

Thomas  Smith, 
George  Rogers, 
Cypkian  Southack  " 

After  this  they  concluded  what  should  be  next 
done,  which  was,  that  the  ships  should  stay  some  days 
longer  at  Portroyal  gut,  and  then  go  over  to  Mount- 
desart  harbour,  and  tnere  stay  till  Colonel  Church 
with  his  transports,  came  to  them. 

Being  all  ready,  the  Colonel  with  his  transports  and 
forces  went  up  the  bay  to  Signecto,  where  they  need- 


I* 


282 


FRENCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


ed  not  a  pilot,  bciii^  scvorni  of  thorn  well  acqiininted 
thero.  (Aii'l  [lli<'}  J  liad  not  mot  with  so  nuuiy  dilfi- 
cultics  at  iMcnis,  had  it  not  hwn  that  thoir  pilot  <i(!- 
cfiviul  then),  who  know  nothin;^  r)t' tho  matter,  [and] 
kept  out  of  the  way,  and  landed  not  with  them,  S:a'..) 
And  coniin;^t()  Sigiiecto,  the  enemy  were  all  inarms 
to  receive  them.  Colonel  Church  landing  his  men, 
the  commander  of  the  enemy  waving  his  sword  over 
his  hoitd,  hid  a  ehallengt!  to  them.  The  Colonel  or- 
dering his  two  wings  to  march  up  apace,  and  come 
upon  the  backs  id'  the  enemy.  Himself  being  in  the 
centre,  and  the  enemy  knowing  him,  (having  been 
there  before)  shot  chielly  at  him.  But  tlirougli  (Jod's 
goodness,  received  no  harm  ;  neither  had  he  one  man 
killed,  nor  but  two  slightly  wounded  ;  and  tluMi  all  ran 
into  the  woods,  and  hift  their  town  with  nothing  in  it. 
Having  had  timely  notice  ofourforces'  [coming,  they] 
had  carried  all  away  out  of  the  reach  of  our  army; 
for  Colonel  Churcli  while  there;  with  part  of  his  for- 
ces, ranged  the  woods,  but  ^o  no  purpose;.  Then  re- 
turning to  the  town,  did  them  what  spoil  he  coulil, 
according  to  his  instructions,  and  so  drew  off,  and 
made  the  best  of  their  way  for  Passam<;(|uado.  And 
going  in,  in  a  great  fog,  one;  of  their  transports  ran 
upon  a  rock,  but  «as  soon  got  olf  again. 

Then  Colonel  Church  with  some  of  his  forces  em- 
barked in  their  whahiboats,  and  went  amongst  tho 
islands,  witli  an  intent  to  go  to  Siuirkee's  where  they 
had  destroyed  the  fish.  But  observing  a  springy 
place  in  a  cove,  went  on  shore  to  get  some  water  to 
drink.  It  being  a  sandy  Ix^ach,  they  <>spied  tracks; 
the  Colonel  presently  ord(;red  his  men  to  scatter  and 
make  search.  ['I'hey]  soon  f(MUid  l)e  Hoisses'*  wile, 
who  hail  formerly  been  Colonel  (.'hurch's  prisoner, 
and  carried  to  JJoston,  but  retJirned  ;  who  seemed 
very  glad  to  see-him.  She  had  with  luir,  two  sons, 
that  wer(!  near  uk.mi  growii  'J'he  Colon<d  ordering 
them  apart, ';xamini!(l  the  woman  first,  who  gave  him 
this  account  following.     That  she  had  lived  there- 

•  Dubois.     Pronoiinred  Duboy. 


FUKNCII  AND  IM)!AN  WARS. 


283 


nhmits  ovor  since   llic  fluct  went  I)y  ;  inxl  tliat  she 
had  never  seen  but  Uvo   hul 


luns  since,  wliit  cuniu  iii 


u  ciuio.;  Ironi  INorri^ruocU  ;*  fa.-i,!  lliiit  llieyj'  asked 
lier,  'what  made  lur  to  be  there  alone/'  she  told 
tlietn  [thalj  she  had  not  seen  a  Frenchnjan  nor  an 
Ind' 

went  by.     Then  the  Indians  told  !i<  r,  'll 

one  Indian   left, 

th 

fr 

( 


lan,  «'A«'_c|)t   those   two,  sinct;    tlie    Kn^^lisli  ships 

lere  was  not 
«'.\ce|)t  those   tw»»,  who  belonged  to 
e  gnt  (..rCiinso,  on  this  side  of  Canada.     For  those 
lars  coining  down  with   the  Indians  to  Monsieur 


loiirdan's ;  and  linding  the  Krenchmen  slain,  and  their 
liair  sjioiled,  being  scalped,  put  tluin  into  a  great 
consternation.  And  the  iViars  told  them  it  was  ini- 
I)ossible  for  them  to  live  thereabouts;  for  the  Kiig- 
li.sh  with  th(;ir  whaleboals  would  serve  them  ail  so; 
upon  which  they  all  went  to  Norrigwcu.k.'  Also 
fold  her  that  'when  the  Knglish  came  along  through 
J\iiobse(»t,  they  had  swept  itoftlu!  inhabitants,  as  if 
it  had  been  swept  with  a  broom;  neither  French  nor 
Indians  escaping  them.'  [And,]  further  told  'ler, 
that  when  their  fathers,  the  friars,  and  the  Indians 
met  together  at  N<»rrigwock,  they  called  a  council, 
and  the  friars  told  the  Indians,  that  they  must  look 
out  for  some  other  country,  for  that  it  was  imjiossi- 
ble  for  them  to  live  there.'  Also  told  them  [that] 
'  there  was  a  river      "    •  ••      •        •     ■ 


284 


FRENCH  AND  IND!AN  WAUS. 


roloncl  Cliiircli  Imviii^  done  vvlmt  Ik?  could  tliere, 
embarked  on  boiird  the  transports,  and  went  tc 
Mountdesart.  [Mt-]  found  no  sliips  tliere,  but  a 
rundhn,  rid  oil'  by  a  line  in  the  harbour,  which  he 
ordered  to  be  taken  up.  And  opening  of  it,  found  n 
letter,  which  gave  hitn  an  account  that  the  ships 
were  gone  home  for  Boston. 

Then  he  proceeded  and  went  to  Penobscot.  Where 
being  come,  [they]  made  diligent  search  in  those 
parts  for  the  enemy  ;  but  could  not  find,  or  make  any 
discovery  of  them  ;  or  that  any  had  been  there,  since 
he  left  those  parts  ;  which  caused  him  to  believe 
what  De  Boisses'  wife  had  told  hiio  was  triie. 

I  will,  only  by  the  way,  just  give  a  hint  of  what 
we  heard  since,  of  the  ellects  of  this  expedition,  and 
then  proceed.  First,  that  the  English  forces  that 
went  next  to  Norrigwock,  found  that  the  enemy  was 
gone,  and  had  left  their  rough  household  stutl",  and 
corn  behind  them.* 

Also,  not  long  after  this  expedition,  there  were 
several  gentlemenf  sent  down  from  (Canada,  to  con- 

•  Rpfprcncp  is  here  made,  it  is  thoiifijht,  to  tlio  expedition 
uniler  Col.  Hilton,  in  the  winter  o)  '705,  He  with  250  Eng- 
lish, and  20  Indians  (Dr.  Do^p;la^.l  siays  he  had  but  220  men) 
repaired  to  NorridgewoeU  on  miow  shoes,  but  found  no  ene- 
mies to  contend  with.  Th'M.  bnrne  I  the  deserted  wigwams, 
and  a  i-liapel,  and  then  returned.  Set  Belknap,  I,  2t)8,  ancl 
Penliallow,  28. 

About  the  »^ame  tinie  an  express  was  ordered  with  snow 
shoes  for  the  frontiers,  but  was  intercepted  b)  a  scout  from 
Montreal,  who  robbed  him  of  50  pounds  in  money  ;  which,  on 
being  taken  to  Canada,  the  Governour  converted  it  into  a 
bowl, and  called  it  the  Ncwengland  gift,  lb.,  or  N.  H.  Hist. 
Soc.  Col.  I,  43. 

■j  Hutchinson,  11,  141,  sub  anno  1706,  mentions  that  4  or  5 
persons  were  sent  to  Canada  "  for  the  exchange  of  ijrisoners, 
who  brought  back  Mr.  Williams,  the  minister,  anil  mat  f 
the  inhabitants  of  Deertield,  wit'i  other  captives."  Hemei.- 
tions  no  more  than  one's  being  sent  from  Canada,  and  (>'  'I, 
after  ours  had  been  sent  there.  Hence  it  appears  \ 
was  not  very  well  acquainted  with  theafair;  for  Fcnlial- 
low's  history  Avas  extant  before  he  wrote,  who  gives  the  par- 
ticalafs  about   it,  viz.,  that  on  "  the  4  May  1705,  Capt.  Hill, 


r_J 


FRKNCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS 


285 


cert  with  our  (Iftvoriidiir  about  tl'c  scttliiifj  of  a  car- 
tt'l  for  tlu!  cxcliaii^^c  of  pi  irirrs  ;  niid  tliaf  lli«;  (iov- 
eriioiir*  of  ('aiiinla  lias  luni-r  >iiic(!  scut  down  an 
army  upon  our  (Voiiticrs,  (that  I  know  of)  except 
KoruulniM's  a  srout  ol  Indians  to  taUc  suinc  prisniM'i's, 
that  he  nii<r|it  be  int'ornuMl  of  our  state,  and  wliatvve 
were  acting,  Sic.  And  always  took  care  that  the 
pi  soners  so  taken,  should  be  civilly  treated,  auil 
rtn'  !y  returned,  as  I  have  b(;en  informed.  [Als(»,J 
thai  some  (d'  the  prisoners  that  were  taken  gave  an 
account  [to  this  (;lfect;j  so  that  vvt;  have  great  cause 
to  believe,  that  the  nu'ssage  [which]  (N)lonel  Church 
sent  l)y  the  two  French  gentlemen  from  Menis,  to 
the  Governour  of  Portroyal,  took  etVect,  and  was  u 
means  to  bring  peace  in  our  borders,  &,c. 

Then  Colonel  Church  with  his  forces  embarked  on 
board  the  transports,  and  went  to  Casco  bay,  where 
they  met  with  (Japtain  (lallop,  in  a  vessel  from  Hos- 
ton,  who  had  brought  Colonel  Church  further  orders; 
which  were,  to  send  some  of  his  forces  up  to  Norrig- 
wock,  in  pursuit  f»f  the  enemy.  I{ut  he  being  sensi- 
ble that  the  enenjy  were  gone  from  thence,  and  that 
his  soldiers  were  much  worn  out,  and  fatigued  in  the 
hard  service  they  had  already  done,  and  wanted  to 
get  home,  [hi;]  called  a  council,  and  agreed,  all  to 
go  home  ;  which,  accordingly  they  did. 

To  conclude  this  expedition,  I  will  just  give  a  iiint 
of  some  treatment, t  [which]  Colonel  Church  had  be- 

wlio  was  loiiuf ily  taken  at  Wnlls  arid  carrioil  (o  Caiiatla, 
was  from  thiMu-f^  sent  to  concert  tlie  exciiange  of  prisoners." 
He  gave  irifonnalinn  tliat  there  weje  alioiit  187  Kngli>li 
iirisoners  willi  tlie  French  ami  Indians.  "Upon  the  advice 
liereof,"  the  persons  mentioned  hy  Hiitcliinson,  were  sent  to 
(.'anada,  and  iKH-eedcd  in  rescuing  ahonl  GO  captives.  'I'he 
Frencli  (iovi  i  nour  was  kept  in  suspen-c  hy  the  rnanagenieut 
of  (ioveinoiii  Diiilh'y.  He  wished  for  a  neutrality,  and  thir- 
ing  the  tini>',  tlic  fionticrs  enjoyed  jitace  and  tran'piillily, 
Hutchinson,  il). 
•  Vaudreuil. 

t  It  aipears  that  Church  was  censured  wrongfullv,  and 
for  some    liiue,  bore   tiie  faults,  due  only  to  others,     l-'or  it 


285 


FUK.XCH  AND  INDIAN  WARS. 


Ji  f. 


-ill 


-\i  it 


(or(>  uiul  iiil('r  li(3  came  lioino.  For  all  liis  iffout  ex- 
priiscs,  f;iti;j;iics  aiid  hardsliips,  in  ami  aboiil  tliis  ex- 
pedition, VIZ.,  lie  received  of  his  (;.\ci;ll('nc;y  fifteen 
pounds,  as  an  earnest  penny,  towirds  raising  volun- 
teers. And  alter  he  came  to  rcMU'ive  his  dehcMi- 
tnre  lor  hisCJolonePs  pay,  there  Wiixv tivoshiltings  and 
four  jiencc  due  to  inin.  And  as  for  his  (Captain's 
pay*  and  man  Jack  ;  he  has  never  received  any  thing 
as  yet. 

Also,  after  he  came  home,  some  ill  minded  per- 
sons did  their  endeavour  to  have  taken  away  his  life; 
for  there  were  some  of  the  French  enemy  killed, j 
[in]  this  expedition.  But  his  excellen'/y  the  Gov 
ernour,  the  honourable  council,  and  the  house  of 
representatives,  saw  cause  to  clear  him,  and  gave  him 
thanks  for  his  good  service  done.| 


was  •^tiHMally  tiiought  by  the  prople,  that  Col.  Cliurcli  went 
on  tins  e\|io(]ilii)n,  lor  the  express  j)iir|K)se  of  reducing  Port- 
royal,  as  it  was,  by  tiie  government,  styled  the  "Portroyal  ex- 
pedition," or,  as  enleied  on  the  eouncd  l)oolis  '■  aiv'expedition 
to  Porlroyal,"  not  knowing  tiiat  he  was  strictly  ordered  to 
the  contrary  ;  tiierelbre,  we  are  not  siu'prised  that  ii(;'should 
be  blamed,  until  the  triUii  should  l»e  known.  The  Govern- 
our  was  accused  of  preserving  that  place  to  benelit  liimself 
by  an  illegal  trade  with  the  inhabitants.  IlowtMcr  this  may 
be,  he  excused  himself  by  saying,  that  he  had  no  ordtMs  from 
the  Queen  to  go  against  it  ;  and  that  her  Majesty  was  to 
send  over  in  the  spring,  a  force  expressly  for  that  purpose, 
as  has  been  previously  stated  in  this  histoiy. 


It  will  i)c  recollected  that  he  was  c 


onimi>.-ionc 


d  Colonel 


and  Cajitain  at  the  same  time,  and  in  the  oame  warrant, 
t  See  page  2G5.     Some  of  the  enemy  that  would   not  sur- 


rend 


er. 


I  Thii-  ends  the  military  achievements  of  the  ju>tly  cele- 
brated Uknjamin  Chukch.  [The  reader  is  rtcpiested  to 
correcl  an  errour  in  Dr  Douglass'  History,  I,  557,  S,  where 
lie  observes,  that  Col.  Church  made  an  expedition  in  l7t>7-8  j 
it  was  Col.  March.] 


I 


APPENDIX 


I. SOME    ACCOUNT    OF    THE    EARLY    VOYAGES     TO,    AND 

SETTLEMENTS  IN  NORTH  AMERICA,  AND  THE 

TREATMENT  OE  THE  INDIANS  BY 

THOSE  VOYAGERS. 


10- 

lo 
'  1 


As  early  as  1508,  the  natives  of  North  Aircrica 
began  to  be  carried  away  by  voyagers,  sometimes  by 
force,  and  sometimes  by  flattery.  At  this  early  pe- 
riod, one  Aubert,  a  Frenchman,  sailed  up  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  and  on  his  return  to  France,  conveyed  otf 
a  number  of  tiie  natives.*  In  IAS'),  a  colony  was 
sent  out  from  England,  under  the  direction  of  Sir 
W  alter  Ralegh,  and  was  settled  at  lloanoke.  This 
was  the  first  English  colony  planted  in  AnuTica.f 
Through  their  misconduct  to  the  natives,  and  to  one 
another,  they  found  themselves  in  a  miserable  condi- 
tion before  the  end  of  a  year.  Sir  Francis  Drake 
returning  that  way  from  a  cruise  against  the  Spani- 
ards, gave  tlicni  a  passage  to  Englaiui  ni  his  licit. 
Just  belitre  the  arrival  of  Drake,  a  chief,  and  many 
of  his  men  were  killed,  and  afterwards  an  Indian 
town  was  burned,  by  order  of  Sir  llichard  Carenville, 
who  brought  supplies  to  the  colonists. 

In  lOOi,  Bartholomew  Gosnold  sailed  from  ling- 
land,  and  was  the  fust  Englishman  that  came  in  a 
direct  course  to  this  part  of  America. |  lie  ft;ll  in 
with  the  coast  near  Cajx;  Cod,  which  he  discovered. 
Being  met  near  the  shore,  bv  the  natives  in  their  ca- 


•  Aniorican  Annals,  I,  37. 
J  Belknai),  Biog.  I,  231. 


t  lb.  I,  119. 


I 


, 


I 

II 


M 


i  it 


288 


APPENDIX. 


noes,  was  kindly  treated  by  them,  and  they  helped 
him  load  his  vessels.* 

The  next  year,  Martin  Pring  arrived  on  the  coast, 
and  collected  a  cargo  of  Sassafras. f  The  Indians 
appeared  hostile  to  tliis  company,  and  caused  them 
to  leave  the  coast,  sooner  than  they  would  otherwise 
have  done.  But  this  was  not  without  a  cause.  A 
canoe  had  been  stolen"  from  them,  and  they  were 
sported  with  by  the  sailors,  who,  to  get  rid  of  them, 
when  they  h..d  amused  themselves  sufficiently,  would 
set  their  dogs  to  chase  them  away. 

In  100'),  Captain  George  Weymouth  carried  off  five 
of  the  natives  from  tiie  coast  of  Newengland,  against 
their  consent ;  one  of  whom  was  a  chief. 

In  1607,  the  first  permanent  colony  of  Virginia 
arrived  in  the  Chesapeak,  the  tvvcntysixth  of  April, 
and  the  thirteenth  of  May,  they  took  a  position  for 
a  town  ;  which,  soon  after,  in  honour  of  King  James, 
was  named  James  Town.  They  were  annoyed  by 
the  Indians  at  first,  and  one  person  was  killed.  A 
peace  was  concluded  in  June  following,  but  it  was 
of  short  duration.  An  atteni|)t,  also,  to  settle  a 
colony  on  Kennebcck  river  was  made  this  year,  but 
was  relinquished  the  next. J 

In  lGi4,  Captain  John  Smith  made  a  profitable 
voyage  to  Newengland,  and  made  an  accurate  sur- 
vev  of  its  coast.  The  Newensland  Indians,  in  this 
voyage,  were  justly  incensed  against  the  English,  to 
a  great  degree.  Wlicn  Smith  went  for  England,  he 
left  one  Hunt  to  complete  his  cargo  of  fish.  Tlii<« 
perfidious  man  enticed  twentyfour  Indians  on  board 
his  vessel,  put  them  in  confinement,  and  sold  tiiem 
ill  '^lalaga,  to  the  Spaniards,  for  slaves.  In  the  course 
of  the  year,  another  vessel  came  on  the  coast  to  trade 
with  two  of  those  taken  o(V  by  Hunt,  to  assist  in  tliu 

*  Sassafras  and  furs  u'oro  I  linn  the  articles  of  exportation. 

t  See  Belknap's  lilW  of  i'rin'j;.  Sassafras  was  collected 
abont  the  is^laniis.  Prinir  found  it  on  what  is  now  Edgar 
town. 

t  Sec  page  171  and  note  5. 


APPENDIX. 


289 


business.  It  was  now  designed  to  settle  a  trading 
house,  but  the  Indians  soon  discouraged  thum  in  the 
attempt.  One  of  the  prisoners  had  died,  and  the 
other  was  not  permitted  to  go  on  shore.  But  some 
approached  the  ship  under  pretence  of  trade,  and  he 
jumped  overboard.  His  friends  in  the  canoes  discharg- 
ed their  arrows  so  thick  at  the  same  time,  that  in 
defiance  of  the  English  guns,  they  got  him  on  board, 
and  paddled  off.  A  number  of  the  English  were 
badly  wounded,  and  some  of  the  Indians  killed.  The 
English  were  discouraged,  and  sailed  for  England."* 
Two  other  natives,  carried  away  by  Hunt,  found 
means,  in  time,  to  get  back  to  Newengland,  and  in 
some  measure,  allayed  the  vengeance  of  their  coun- 
trymen ;  by  assuring  them  that  tlie  English,  in  gene- 
ral, were  higiily  displeased  at  the  conduct  of  Captain 
Ilunt.f 

These,  and   many   other  insults  on  the   Indians 
though  small,  in  comparison  with  those  suffered  by 
their  race  in  South  America,  were  more  than  enough 
to  cause  them  to  entertain  fearful  apprehensions  of 
every  stranger. 

Before  1010,  perhaps  it  would  have  been  alto- 
gether impracticable  to  have  attempted  a  settlement 
in  Newengland,  -without  great  risk.  The  native^ 
before  which,  were  extremely  numerous  and  warlike  ; 
but  this  year,J  a  mortal  sickness  prevailed  among 
them,  that  altnost  entirely  desolated  the  country  ;  in- 
somuch, that  the  living  could  not  bury  the  dead. 
For  when  the  Pilgrims  arrived  at  Plymouth,  the  ground 
was  strewed  with  human  bones.  The  extent  of  this 
pestilence  was  from  Penobscot  to  Narraganset."^ 

"^American  Annals,  1,  134,  195.         t  Hist.  N.  H.  1, 10,  11. 

J  It  is  not  certain  that  this  plaeine  happened  in  161f), 
thoujih  from  Johnson  and  oUc-rs  ciicd  by  Hohnes..  (I,  207, 
•.!03.)  it  appears  probable.  Morton,  '25,  says  tliat  it  was  two 
or  three  years  before  the  settlement  of  Plymouth.  Prince. 
Chron.  119,  tliinUs  this  plague  raged  as  early  as  1616  or  17. 

§  Prince,  Chron.  188,  and  Belki\ap,  Biog.  I,  856. 
N       19 


200 


APPENDIX. 


II. OHIGIN  OF  THE  SETTLEMENT  OF  NEWENGLAND- 

BiooTUY  and  superstition  bcn;an  to  lose  some 
ground  in  England,  as  early  as  1550.  And  the  [ht- 
seculions,  and  sutlerings  of  the  earl  martyrs  of  re- 
ligious freedom,  have  been  the  subject  of  many  mas- 
sy volumes.  In  1519,  a  liturgy  had  been  prepared 
by  the  bishops,  and  a  law  passed  both  houses  of  Par- 
liament, "that  all  divine  ofiiees  should  be  performed 
according  to  it."*  The  clergy  were  ordered  to 
conform  to  the  liturgy,  under  pain  of  fines  and  im- 
prisonment And,  as  has  always  since  been  the  case, 
among  all  sects,  the  new  sect,  tlien  denominated  Pur- 
Titans,  grew  more  numerous,  in  proportion,  as  tlie 
severity  of  persecution  increased. 

In  1G07,  a  congregation  fled  from  England  into 
Holland,  and  in  1(308,  were  joincnl  by  otiiers,  and  a 
church  was  there  establisiicd,  according,  as  they  be- 
lieved, to  the  principles  of  the  primitive  churcli  oi 
Christ;  having  Mr.  John  Ilobitison  for  their  i)astor. 
Their  removal  from  England  into  Holland,  was  at- 
tended with  the  greatest  dilliculties,  and  though  over- 
looked by  the  chief  historians,  who  have  written  upon 
their  history,  is  certainly  among  the  first  articles  that 
should  be  related.  It  fornir<l  a  ])art  of  a  Manuscript 
History,  written  by  Mr.  William  Bradford,  one  of 
their  number,  which,  though  since  lostf ,  was  in  pos- 
session of  Governour  Ilutchinson,  who'  copied  this 
valuable  part  into  his  "summary  of  tht;  affairs  of  ihe 
colony  of  New  Plymouth, ''J  which  is  as  follows. 

"There  was  a  large  company  of  them  proposcfl  to 
get  passage  at  Boston   in  Lincolnshire,   and  for  that 

•  Holmes'  Annals,  I,  50, 

t  At  loast,  it  has  not  been  seen  since  1775,  when  the  Brit- 
ish Vandals  under  Gen.  Gaj^e,  in  a  sacriley;ious  manner,  dis- 
turbed the  contents  of  the  old  south  church,  where  it  was  dB- 
posited. 

\  In  his  Hist  Mass.  II,  No.  I  Appendix 


APPKNDIX. 


29 1 


end  hiid  liirod  a  sliip  w  holly  to  tlicniselvcs,  and  made 
agicciniMit  witii  tlic  inahUr  to  he  lisidy  at  a  ct'itain 
day,  and  take  tliom  and  their  goods  in  at  a  conve- 
nient place,  wlieie  aceoidingly  they  would  all  attend 
in  readiness.  So  after  long  waiting  and  large  ex- 
pense, though  he  kept  not  day  with  them,  yet  he 
came  at  length  and  took  tluMn  in,  in  the  night.  lUit 
wiien  he  had  them  and  their  goods  aboard  he  betrayed 
them,  having  beforehand  complotted  with  the  search- 
ers and  otiier  officers  so  to  do,  who  took  them  ami  put 
them  into  open  boats,  and  then  rifled  and  ransacked 
them,  searching  them  to  their  shirts  for  mom-y,  yea, 
even  the  women,  further  than  became  modesty,  and 
then  carried  them  back  into  the  town,  and  made  them  a 
spectacle  and  wonder  to  the  multitude,  which  came 
flocking  on  all  sides  to  behold  them.  Being  thus, 
first  by  the  catch-poles,  rifled  and  stript  of  their 
money,  books,  and  much  other  goods  they  were  pre- 
sented to  the  magistrates,  and  messengers  sent  to  in- 
form the  lords  of  the  coimcil  of  them,  and  so  they 
Were  committed  to  ward.  Indeed  the  magistrates 
used  them  courteously,  and  showed  them  what  favour 
they  could,  but  could  not  deliver  them  till  order 
ca'me  from  the  council  table;  but  the  issue  was,  that 
after  a  month's  imj)risonment,  the  greatest  part  were 
dismissed,  and  sent  to  the  places  from  whence  they 
came,  but  seven  of  the  i)rincipa!  men  were  still  kepi 
in  prison  and  bound  over,  to  the  assizes.  The  next 
spring  after,  there  was  another  attempt  made,  by 
pome  of  these  and  others,  to  get  over  at  another 
place.  And  so  it  fell  out,  that  they  light  of  a  Dutch- 
•iiian  at  Hull,  having  a  ship  of  his  own  belonging  to 
Zealand.  They  made  agreement  with  him,  and  ac- 
quainted him  with  iheir  condition,  hoping  to  find 
more  faithfulness  in  liim,  than  in  the  former  of  their 
own  nation,  lie  bade  them  not  fear,  for  he  would  do 
well  enough.  lie  was  by  ai)ppointment  to  take  them 
in,  between  Grindstoni!'- and  llull,  where  was  a  largo 


292 


APPENDIX. 


common,  a  good  way  distant  from  any  town.  Nove 
against  the  prefixed  time,  the  women  and  chiKJren, 
with  tl>e  goods,  were  sent  to  the  place  in  a  small 
bark,  which  they  had  hired  for  that  end,  and  the  men 
were  to  meet  them  by  land ;  but  it  so  fell  out,  that 
they  were  there  a  day  before  the  ship  came,  and  the  sea 
being  rough  and  the  women  very  sick,  prevailed  with 
the  seamen  to  put  into  a  creek  hard  by,  where  they 
lay  on  ground  at  low  water.  The  next  morning  the 
.ship  came,  but  they  were  fast  and  could  not  stir  till 
about  noon.  In  the  mean  time,  the  shipmaster  per- 
ceiving how  the  matter  was,  sent  his  boat  to  get  the 
men  aboard,  vvliom  he  saw  ready,  walking  about  the 
shore,  but  after  tlie  first  boat-full  was  got  aboard,  and 
she  was  ready  to  go  for  more,  the  master  espied  a 
great  company  both  horse  and  foot,  with  bills  and 
guns  and  other  weapons,  for  the  country  was  raised 
to  take  them.  The  Dutchman  seeing  that,  swore  his 
country  oath, '  Sacramente,^  anc'  having  the  wind  fair, 
weighed  anchor,  hoisted  sails,  and  away.  After  en- 
during a  fearful  storm  at  sea,  for  fourteen  days  or 
more,  seven  whereof  they  never  saw  sun,  moon  nor 
stars,  and  being  driven  near  the  coast  of  Norway, 
they  arrived  at  their  desired  haven,  where  the  people 
came  flocking,  admiring  their  deliverance,  the  storm 
having  been  so  long  and  sore,  in  which  much  hurt 
had  been  done,  as  the  master's  friei\ls  related  to  him 
in  their  congratulations.  The  rest  of  the  men  that 
were  in  greatest  danger,  made  a  shift  to  escape  away 
before  the  troop  could  surprise  them,  those  only  stay- 
ing that  best  might  be  assisting  unto  tlie  women. 
But  pitiful  it  was  to  see  the  heavy  case  of  these  poor 
women  in  disiress  ;  what  weeping  and  crying  on  every 
side,  some  for  their  husbands  that  were  carried  away 
in  the  ship,  others  not  knowing  what  should  become 
of  them  and  th-oir  little  ones,  crying  for  fear  and 
quaking  with  cold.  Being  apprehended,  they  were 
hurried  from  one  place  to  anolliei;  till  in  the  end  tliey 
knew  not  what  to  du  with  tiiem ;  for,  to  imprison  so 


APPENDIX. 


293 


many  women  with  their  innocent  children  for  no 
otiier  cause,  many  of  them,  but  thai  they  would  go 
with  their  husbands,  seemed  to  be  unreasonable,  and 
nil  would  cry  out  of  them;  and  to  send  them  home 
again  was  as  difficult,  for  they  alleged,  as  the  truth 
was,  they  had  no  homes  to  go  to,  for  they  had  either 
sold  or  otherwise  disposed  of  their  houses  and  liv- 
ings :  To  be  short,  after  they  had  been  thus  turmoilcd 
a  good  while,  and  conveyed  from  one  constable  to 
another,  they  were  glad  to  be  rid  of  them  in  the  end 
upon  any  terms,  though,  in  the  mean  time,  they,  poor 
souls,  endured  misery  enough." 

After  remaining  several  years  in  Holland,  they  be- 
gan to  fear  that  their  company  would  finally  become 
lost,  by  their  connexion  with  the  Dutch ;  and  that 
their  efforts  to  establish  the  true  religion,  also  lost. 
Some  of  their  young  men  had  already  engaged  in 
the  military  service  of  the  Dutch,  arid  marriages  with 
their  young  women  had  taken  place.  These  things 
caused  much  grief  to  the  pious  Forefathers  ;  more 
especially,  because  the  Dutch  were  dissolute  in  their 
morals. 

Under  these  considerations,  their  thoughts  were 
turned  tox^ards  America;  but,  never  so  far  north  as 
Newengland.  Sir  Walter  Ralegh  was  about  this 
time,*  projecting  a  settlement  in  Guiana,  and  this 
place  was  first  taken  under  consideration.  Here  a 
perpetual  spring  was  promised,  and  all  the  beauties 
of  a  tropical  summer.  But  considering  the  diseases 
which  were  so  fatal  to  Europeans,  and  their  near 
vicinity  to  the  Spaniards,!  the  majority  were  against 
a  removal  thither. 

At  length,  they  resolved  to  make  their  settlement 
in  north  Virginia,J  and  accordingly  they  sent  agents 

•  1617. 

t  The  Spaniards  had  not  actually  taken  possession  of  this 
country,  but  claimed  it.     Belknap,  Biog.  II,  167. 

I  Nortit  America  was  then  known  under  the  general  names 
of  north  and  south  Virginia,  divided  by  the  pajrallei  ol  40  d. 


294 


Al'FKNDIX. 


to  Iji^hmil,  to  obtiiiii  a  grant  frdtn  tlio  Virfiinia  com- 
pnii),  Ji.id  to  know  vvlu.'tlior  tin;  King  vvoulil  grunt 
tlxni  lilxrty  of  conscience,  in  that  distant  oonntry. 
The  \  ngiiiia  company  were;  vvilHng  to  grant  tlicin 
such  priviU'gcs  as  wcrc!  in  their  power,  but  tlie  l»igot- 
U(l  .liinii'S  woiiM  agri'(,'  no  further,  than  "  to  connive 
at  them    provided  they  shouhl  comluct  peaceably."* 

'111!  agents  returned  the  next  year,  KilH,  to  the 
great  {bscouragenient  of  the  congregation.  Resolved, 
however,  to  make  another  trial,  agents  were  sent 
again  the  ne.vt  year,  and  after  long  and  tedious  de- 
lays,! a  grant  was  obtained,  under  the  seal  ot  the 
company,  which,  after  all  this  great  trouble  and 
expense,  was  never  used. J 

iN'otwithstanding,  th(!ir  removal  was  not  given  up, 
and  they  made  rea<iy  for  th(;ir  V()yage,  with  what  ex- 
pedition they  could.  It  was  agreed  that  a  part 
sliould  go  before,  to  prepare  the  way;  and,  accord- 
ingly, two  ships  were  got  ready,  one  named  the 
Speedwell,  of  sixty  tons,  the  other  the  Mayllower, 
of  one  hundred  and  eight  tons.  They  first  went  from 
Leyden  to  Kiigland,  and  on  the  fifth  of  August,  1G20, 
they  left  Southam|)ton  for  America  ;\  but,  they  were 
twice  forced  to  return,  by  reason  of  the  bad  state  of 
the  lesser  ship. 

Tt  was  now  agreed  to  dismiss  the  Speedwell,  and 
they  embarked  on  board  the  Mayflower,  and,  on  the 
sixth  of  ^'.eptcivber,  again  sailed  on  their  intended 
voya^-e.|| 

N.  I'rince,  190,  Its  whole  extent  was  from  Florida  to  the 
bay  ol"  Funly. 

•  Hoikna]),  Biog.  II,  170.     Arnpriran  Annals,  I,  198, 
t  Oc'casioncil  l)y  dissonsions  among  the  V'irginia  company. 
Onf  treasurer  liavina;  resigned   wa'<  (lis|)ieased  with  his  suc- 
cessor.    See  Biadfon'  in  Prince,  151,  153. 

J  Because  it  was  taken  out  in  i lie  name  of  a  gentleman, 
whom  "  providence"  separated  I'rom  them. 

§They  iniemled  to  have  settled  somewhere  near  Hudson's 
river. 
II  'llie  last  port  they  left  was  Plymouth. 


APPENDIX. 


29S 


Such  were  tlio  transiK^tions,  and  such  the  difficul- 
ties, Jittendiiig  lliis  ixTscvcriiij^  (•oiiipiiiiy  f)!'  Pilgrims, 
(as  they  are  truly  ralltd)  in  the  great  attcm|)t,  to  set- 
tle a  colony  in  America.  As  no  particulars  are  pre- 
served of  their  voyage,  \vc  may  now  leuve  them  until 
they  appear  on  the  coast.* 

III. LANDING  OF  THE  PILfiRIMS  AT  PLYMOUTH. 

Afteu  some  difficulties,  in  a  voyage  of  two  months 
and  tlirec  days,  they  fell  in  with  the  land  of  Cape  Cod, 
on  the  ninth  of  Novemb'-r.  Finding  themselves  fur- 
ther north  than  they  intended  to  settle,  they  stood  to 
the  southward  ;  hut  soon  finding  thems(;lves  nearly 
encompassed  with  dangerous  shoals,  the  Captainf 
took  advantage  of  their  fears,  and  bore  u|)  again  for 
the  cape;  and,  on  the  tenth  of  November,  anchored 
in  cape  Cod  harbour. ;]: 

On  observing  their  latitude,  they  found  themselves 
out  of  the  limits  of  the  south  Virginia  company. 
Upon  which  it  was  hinttnl  l)y  some,  that  they  should 
now  be  under  no  laws,  and  every  servant  would  have 
as  much  authority  as  his  master.  But  the  wisdom 
that  had  conducted  them  hither,  was  sulHcient  to  pro- 
vide against  this  evil;  thciefore,  an  instrument  was 
drawn  and  signed,  by  which  they  unanimously  form- 
ed themselves  into  a  body  politic.  This  instrument 
was  executed  November  the  eleventh,  and  signed  by 
fortyone  persons;  tiiat  being  the  number  of  men, 
qualified  to  act  for  themselves.     Their  whole  number 

*  It  is  related  that  in  a  storm  a  brain  of  the  ship  was 
thrown  out  of  its  |)lato,  and  that  thoy  began  to  despair,  but 
some  genlleman  liavinga  lai'^e  iron  screw,  by  means  of  which 
it  was  again  forced  into  its  place. 

t  Jones. 

X  T\n'.  Captain  of  the  ship  was  hired  by  the  Dutch  to  land 
lliom  thus  far  north,  b-!raus<' thfy  claimed  the  country  at 
Hudson's  river,  and  wer-' lunviliing  that  the  Knglien  should 
get  any  footing  there.     See  Morton,  l3. 


1 


100 


APPRNDIX. 


consisted  of  One  hundred  and  one.*    John  Carver 
was  chosen  Governoiir  for  one  year. 

*  As  it  must  be  ever  Rratifyinp;  to  posterity  to  know  the 
first  forinofnovernmont  ever  drawn  up  in  thfir  country,  and 
tlie  names  or  those  who  lirtst  ventureil  upon  the  groat  undcr- 
takinj5,  lioth  are  liere  prp-^fntpd  to  their  view,  as  I  find  Ihein 
in  Mr.  Prinee's  N.  F.n^.  Chronology.  In  my  first  edition  I 
copied  from  Morton,  but  on  account  of  some  errours  in  liic 
names  of  the  signers  as  given  in  his  Newenp^land's  Memorial 
I  copy  from  Mr.  Prince.  However,  it  is  possible  that  som*^ 
small  errours  may  exist,  even  in  his  list  ;  for  we  know,  that 
the  chirography  of  16i0,  was  vastly  ditferent  from  that  a 
hundred  years  after  ;  insomuch,  that  what  Mr.  Morton  read 
for  an  r,  niight  have  been  taken  afterwanl  for  a  /  by  Mr. 
Prince,  &,c.,  as  will  ajtpear  by  coin|iaring  those  names,  in 
which  a  dilVerence  is  seen.  Mr.  Morton  writes  No.  'i."i,  John 
Craxton,  No.  27,  .loses  Fletcher,  No.  29,  Digery  Priest,  No. 
84,  Richard  Bitteridge,  and  No,  40,  Edward  Doten.  He 
also  has  No.  Si,  F'^dmund  Morgeson,  but  that  I  suppose  tol)e  a 
misprint.  IJotliof  those  authors  copied  from  (lov.  Bradford's 
MS.,  as  Hutchinson  perhaps  did,  who  ditlers  from  both.  He 
writes  Nos.  l.")  and  16,  Tilley,  No.  20,  Uidgsdale,  No.  25, 
Croxton,  No.  37,  Gardner.  But  the  most  unaccountable  dif- 
ferences exist  between  authors  who  have  copied  from  Mr. 
Prince's  printed  book.  I  need  not  name  any  one,  in  j)articular, 
as  all  that  I  have  met  with,  differ  in  some  respect,  except  the 
Fiditors  of  the  N.  H.  Hist.  Collections,  who  seem  to  have 
been  particularly  careful. 

"  In  the  name  of  God,  Amen.  We,  whose  names  art.  \.iid.^r 
written  the  loyal  subjects  of  our  dread  sovereign  Lord  Kinc 
James,  bv  the  grace  of  God,  of  Great  Britain,  France  anu 
Ireland,  king,  (lefeniier  of  the  faith,  Stc. 

Having  undertaken  for  tiie  glory  of  God,  and  advancement 
of  the  christian  faith,  and  honour  of  our  King  and  country, 
a  voyage  to  plant  the  lirst  colony  in  the  northern  parts  of 
Virgmia,  do  by  tiiese  presents,  solemnly  and  mutually  in  the 
presence  of  God,  ami  one  of  another,  covenant  and  combine 
ourselves  together,  into  a  civil  boily  politick,  for  our  better 
ordering  and  preservation,  and  fartherance  of  the  ends  afore- 
said ;  and  by  virtue  hereof,  to  enact,  constitute,  and  frame 
such  just  and  etjual  laws,  ordinances,  acts,  constitutions,  and 
oflices,  from  time  to  lime,  as  shall  be  thought  most  meet  and 
convenient  ibr  the  general  good  of  the  colony.  Unto  which 
we  promise  all  due  submission  and  obeilience.  In  witne.ss 
whereof  we  have  hereunder  subscribed  our  names  at  cape 
C(v!,  the  lull  of  November,  in  the  year  of  the  reign  of  our 
sovereign  Lord,  King  James,  of  England,  France  and  Ire- 


L___. 


APPENDIX. 


297 


The  day  answoriii;^  to  \\ut  Eleventh  of  Decemher, 
is  celebrated  as  the  day  of  tlic  laiidiii;;  of  tlie  I'il- 
griins  ;*  but  on  tliat  day,  a  place  was  distutvcnMl, 
niul  fixed  upon  for  their  setth-nieiit.  Parties  before 
had  hin(U?d  and  made;  some  discov<;ries. 

The  same  day  that  the  nicniorable  instrnincnt  was 
signed,  a  party  left  the  ship,  and  huuU^d  to  e.\ph)ro 
the  country,  and  get  wood,  but  returned  without 
making  any  particuhir  discovery.  But  a  few  (hiys 
after,  (November  fifteenth)  sixteen  men,  under  Cap- 
tain Myles  Standish,  were  permitted  to  go  in  search 

liin  l.theXVIlI,  and  of  Scotland  the  I,1V.     Anno  Domini, 
IG'iO." 


No. 
8]23  Francis  Eaton," 
2  24  .lanios  Chilton, *§ 
5  25  Jolin  Crack)^ton,§ 
G|2b  John  Biilinp;ton,» 
6|27  Moses  Flotchrr,§ 
2,28  John  Goo(lmi\n,§ 
1  29  D(<}iorv  Prir.|,§ 
2:30  Thomas  Williains,§ 

31  (■ilhiMl  Winslow, 


1  Mr.  John  Carvpr," 

2  William  Bra.lford,* 
S  Mr.  Edward  Winslow,* 

4  Mr.  Wm.  Browslor,* 

5  Mr.  Isaac  Allerton,* 
r,  Capt.  Miles  Standish,* 

7  John  Alden, 

8  Mr.  Samuel  Fuller,t 

9  Mr.  Christopher  Martin*§4 

10  Mr.  Wm.  Mullins,»§         b 

11  Mr.  Wm.  While, •§  5 

12  Mr.  Richard  Warren.t     1 

13  John  Howland,  (j/»  i'ar- 

ver^s  family.) 

14  Mr.  Stephen  Hopkins,* 

15  E  Iward  Tillv,*§ 
IG  John  Tillv,*^ 

17  Francis  CJook,t 

18  Thomas  Rogers,§ 

19  Thomas  Tinkcr,*§ 

20  John  Ridp;ilalc,»§ 

21  B'.<hvard  Funer,»§ 

22  John  Turner,§ 
Tiic  above  names  having;  this  mark  *  at  the  end  bronpht 

their  wives  with  them.  Those  with  this  t  did  not.  Those 
with  this  §  died  hcl'ore  the  end  of  March.  The  lig;urcs  at 
the  end  ol  the  names  denote  the  number  in  each  family. 

•  To  reduce  old  style  to  new,  eleven  days  are  adiled  ;  there- 
fore, the  22  December  is  celebrated  as  tho  landing  of  the 
Forefathers. 

N 


32  Eihiiuml  Margeson,§ 

33  Peter  Brown, 

34  Richard  Biitterige,^ 

35  George  Soule,  (0/  Mr 
U'in.ilnw's  family. 

36  Richard  Clark,§ 

37  Richard  Gardiner, 

38  John  AlbMton,§ 

39  Thomas  English,§ 

40  Edward  Dorey,    } 

41  Edward  Leister,  ^ 
{both  of  Mr.  Hopkinsfamily.) 


101 


n 


208 


APl'KNDIX. 


ol'n  convciiiont  plaro  for  spttlcniriit.  Tlujy  hii«'  fivo 
Iiiditms  wiioiii  tlicy  tollowc-d  all  (itiy,  hut  could  not 
ovcrfulvt!  tliciii.  The  no.\t(hiy  they  (hseovercd  s(;v(;- 
ral  liiditiM  •rriiv(>s;  one  of  which  they  opened,  and 
found  some  rude  iniph  nients  of  war;  a  uiortur,  and 
an  earthen  pot;  all  which  they  took  <"are  to  re- 
place ;  l»ein<f  unwiliin<f  to  disturb  the  sepidehres  of 
the  dead.  'J'hey  found  under  a  small  mound  of  earth, 
n  c('llar  curiously  lined  with  hark,  in  which  was 
stored  a  (|uantily  of  Indian  corn.*  Of  this  they 
t(tok  as  nuich  as  they  could  carry,  and  returned  to 
the  ship. 

Soon  after,  twentyfour  otliers  made  tiu;  like  ex- 
cursion, and  ohtained  a  considerable  quantity  of  corn, 
whicli,  with  that  obtained  l)efore,  was  ab(tut  ten 
bushels, f  Somi!  beans  were  also  found. J  Tiiis 
discovery  gave  them  great  ent'Ouragem(Mit,  and  per- 
haps prevented  their  further  removal;  it  also  saved 
them  from  famine. 

After  consideral)le  discussion,  concerning  a  place 
for  settlement,  in  which  some  were  forgoing  to  Aga- 
wam,y  and  some  not  so  far,  it  was  concluded  to  send 
out  a  shallop,  lo  make  further  discovery  in  the  buy. 
Accordingly,  (lovernour  Carver,  with  eighteen  or 
twenty  men,  set  out  on  the  sixth  of  December,  to  ex- 
[)lore  the  deep  bay  of  Cape  Cod.  The  weatlufr  was 
very  cold,  and  the  spray  of  the  sea  lighting  on  them, 
they  were  soon  covered  with  ice,  as  it  were,  like 
coats  of  mail.  At  night  having  got  to  the  bottom 
of  the  bay,  they  discovered  ti;n  or  twelv(!  Indians, 
about  a  league  otl',  cutting  up  a  grampus  ;  who,  on 

"*0f  (iivprs  colours  which  sRemeil  to  thcin  a  very  gooilly 
fciglit,  l(a\  iii}!;sppii  nonn  Itpfore."     Morton,  18. 

t  Holmes'  Annals,  I,  'iOl, 

t  This  was  not  lianlly  rip;ht,  perhaps,  hut  Morton,  N.  E. 
Mpnioral,  Ifl,  >avs,  tliat  in  "  Alioul  six  months  alter  they 
gave  them  ('.ill  satislailion  to  tiieir  content." 

§  Ipsvvicli  is  supposed  to  have  been  meant,  as  it  was  known 
by  that  nam(!  in  a  former  voyage. 


APl'KNUIX. 


299 


diwcovcriiit;  (lio  Kii;,'Iisli,  ran  away  "iili  what  of  tlu; 
llsli  tli<'\  IiikI  cut  oil'.  'A'ltli  .soiiir  (lill'iciilty  froin 
elioals,  tli''^  laii(l(  <1.  aixl  (.'rrctcd  u  hut,  and  |)aMS(Ml 
thf  lirst   iii^lit.     Ill  ihi;  ninriiin;;  they  divuh-d  their 


icrs  in  the  vrs- 


conipiuiy.  .sunic  wtiit  by  hind,  and  oil 

sol,  to  nniki!  liirthr-r  discDVory  of  tht;  hay,  to  whu^h 

they  ^nivc  the  name  i>f  (IrainpHs,   because   that   I'sh 


wax  lnun( 
some 


tl 


i(  i< 


Tl 


ley   met   iv^niw  at   ni^ht,  am 


b(f 


oil^cd  on  board  the  shaMop,  and  tlie    rest  as 


ort> 


Tlie  next  inoniiii<j;,  l)eceni!)er  the  eijihtli,  as    they 
vv(!ri,'   id)out  to  ( lubark,  they  were  furiously  beset  by 


I 


mlians. 


Son 


th 


I  th 


ne  ol  lue  conipaiiy  navin<;  carried  tlieir 
puns  down  t(»  the  l)oat,  the  othtTs  discharijiMl  upon 
them,  as  liist  as  th(;y  could  ;  but  the  Iiuhaus  shuuted, 
and  rushed  on,  until  thoso  had  regained  their  arnis. 
and  then  they  were  put  to  Might.  One,  however, 
tnort!  courageous  than  tlu;  rest,  took  a  |)osition  be- 
iiiiid  a  tree,  and  withstood  several  volleys  of  shot, 
discharging  arrt)W's  himself  at  the  same  time.  At 
length  a  shot  glancing  upon  tli(!  side  ol'  tin;  tree, 
hurled  the  bark  so  about  his  head  that  he  thought  it 
time  to  escape.  Eighteen  arrows  were  |>ickt;(l  up 
by  the  English,  after  tiie  battle,  which  they  sent  to 
tluiir  friends  in  I'^ngland,  as  curiosities.  Some  were 
headed  with  brass,  and  otlu;rs  with  horn  and  bone. 
Th(!  place  where  this  !iii|)pened,  was  on  liiis  account, 
calU'd  th(!  First  ICncounter.f 

The  company,  alter  leaving  this  place,  narrowly 
escaped  being  cast  away  ;  but  they  got  safe  on  an 
uninhabited   island, J    where    they  passed  the  night. 

•  Morton  anil  Belknap. 

t  Morton,  22.  It  was  hofore  calleil  Naniskpki-t.  Ih,  21. 
Dr.  IJolknap,  Biog.  II,  202,  says,  "  A  crvok  wliicli  now 
hears  the  name  of  .Sfra/fj'^,  lii's  Ijptwcen  Ka'-lliani  nii]  }lai- 
wifii  ;  distant  aliout  3  or  1  miles  westward  iVoiii  Nnusrt ;  tin 
seat  of  a  tribe  ol"  Indians,  who  (as  tiiey  at'terwanls  learned) 
made  tliis  attack." 

I  This  they  called  "Clark's  Island,  because  Mr.  Clark,  the 
master's  mute,  tirst  stejn)cd  ashoie  Ihuieou."     Morton,  24. 


300 


APPENDIX 


The  next  day,  December  the  ninth,  they  dried  their 
clothes,  and  repaired  their  vessel,  which  had  lost  her 
mast,  and  met  with  other  damage.  The  next  day 
they  vested,  it  being  Sunday.  The  day  following, 
they  found  a  place,  which  they  judged  fit  for  settle- 
ment ;  and,  after  going  on  shore,*  and  discovering 
good  water,  and  where  there  had  been  cornfields,  re- 
turned to  the  ship.  This  was  on  tlie  Eleventh  of 
December,   1620,  and  is  the  day  celebrated  as  the 

FOKUFATHF.IIS'  DaY. 

On  the  fifteenth,  the  ship  came  into  the  new  har- 
bour. Tiie  two  following  days,  the  people  went  on 
shore,  but  returned  at  night  to  the  ship. 

On  the  twentythird,  timber  was  begun  to  be  pre- 
pared for  building  a  common  store  house. f  The 
next  day,  the  cry  of  Indians  was  heard,  but  none  ap- 
peared. On  the  twentyfifth,  the  first  house  was  be- 
gun. A  fort  was  built  on  the  hill,  soon  after,  (where 
the  burying  ground  now  is)  which  commanded  the 
town  and  harbour;  and,  they  were  diligently  em- 
ployed, until  a  town  was  laid  out ;  to  which  they 
gave  the  name  Plymouth,  on  account  of  the  kind  treat- 
ment they  received   from  the  people  of  Plymouth  in 

•  A  large  rock  near  the  water,  said  to  be  the  place  where 
they  first  stepped  asiiore,  is  shown  with  a  degree  of  veneration 
bylhe  inhaliitantsof  Piyinoulh.  Itisagranite  of  a  redish  cast, 
and  lias  long  since  been  nearly  levelled  with  the  surface  of 
the  ground,  A  large  fragment  has  been  j)laced  near  the 
head  of  the  main  street,  where  it  is  made  a  rendezvous  for 
boys  in  pleasant  evenings.  This,  as  well  as  the  part  from 
which  it  was  taken,  sutlers  occasionally  under  the  force  of  a 
dull  axe,  to  add  to  the  entertainment  of  the  story  of  the  trav- 
eller. 


t  Their  provisions  and  goods  were  held  in  common  by  the 
company,  at  tirst,  but  it  was  soon  found  by  the  wise  leaders, 
that  this  method  was  not  practicable,  anti  it  was  soon  drop- 

Iied.    Perha|(S  the  chief  mover  of  this  wise  measure  was  Gov. 
Jradford,  as  it  was  adopted  in  his  administration.     See  Bel- 
knap, Biug.  II,  23>i,  3. 


APPENDIX. 


301 


England,  and  that  being  tlie  place  in  their  native 
country  from  whicli  they  hist  saihid.* 

In  January,  1G21,  their  store  house  took  fire,  and 
was  nearly  consumed.  Most  of  the  people  now  were 
sick,  and  Governour  Carver  and  Mr.  Bradford  were 
confined  in  tlie  store  house,  when  it  took  fire.  In 
March,  an  Indian  came  boldly  into  the  town,  and 
saluted  them  with  tliese  words,  "Welconjc  Kngllsh- 
men  !  Welcome  Englishmen  !"  This  was  uttered  in 
broken  English,  but  was  clearly  understood.  His 
name  was  Samoset,  and  he  came  from  the  eastward, 
where  he  had  been  acquainted  with  some  fishermen, 
and  had  learned  some  of  their  language.  They 
treated  him  with  kindness,  and  he  informed  them, 
that  the  great  Sachem,  Massassoit,f  was  coming  to 
visit  tlicm  ;  and,  told  them  of  one  Squanto,  that  was 
well  €ic(|uainted  with  the  English  language.  lie  left 
them,  and  soon  after  returned,  in  company  with  Mas- 
sassoit,  and  Squanto. J  This  Indian  continued  with 
the  English  as  long  as  he  lived,  and  was  of  infinite 
service  to  them.  lie  showed  them  how  to  cultivate 
corn,  and  other  American  productions. 

About  this  time,  (begiiming  of  April)  Governour 
Carver  died.  Soon  after,  Mr.  William  Bradford  was 
chosen.  The  mortality  that  began  soon  after  their 
arrival,  had  before  the  end  of  March,  carried  off  for- 
tyfour  of  their  number. 

Such  was  the  beginning  of  Nkwenglanp,  which 
is  now,  alone,  a  formidable  nation.  At  the  death  of 
the  first  Governour,  it  contained  Fifty sei^cn  Eiwope- 

•  It  isrrniarkalilc  that  Captain  Smith  had  calloil  this  place 
Plymouth  in  his  muj)  of  Newen{2;lanil.  Dr.  Belknap  says, 
that  it  was  partly  on  this  account  that  it  was  now  so  calleil. 

t  P'ortlu-  pailiculavsof  Masf^as.«oit's  visit  to  the  Pilgrims. 
£ep  page  133,  ami  note  1. 

^  He  was  opf  of  those  carried  ofT  by  Il'.mt,  (see  page  'iSi) 
and  Rot  from  Malagi  to  En!z;land  ;  and  was  entertained  liy  a 
pentleman  in  London,  who  employed  him  to  Newfoundland, 
ar.d  odiei  part-;.  He  wa-*  at  la>-t  hrouglit  into  these  parts  hy 
Mr.  Thomas  Dermcr.     Morton,  27,  ^26. 


r-t 


m 


^02 


APPKNDIX. 


;i 


nn  inliiihitants.  and  at  the  ctid  of  two  ImndnMl  years, 
it  coiilaiiRHl  upwards  of  one  inillioii  six  liiindred 
tliousaiid. 

As  it  was  my  d('si<fn,  only  to  accompany  the  Pil- 
grims until  tlicy  were  s(,'aled  in  tlie  wilderness,  I 
shall  now  dismiss  the  eiiga^ing  subject,  with  a  short 
reflection. 

Perhaps  the  annals  of  the  world  do  not  furnish  a 
paralhd  to  the  first  peopling  of  Ninvengland  ;  as  it 
respects  purity  of  intention,  judgment  and  fortitude 
in  its  execution,  and  in  sustaining  for  a  seri(>s  of  years, 
a  goveriunent,  that  secured  the  hap[)iness  of  all.  An 
object  of  admiration,  justly  increasing  on  every  suc- 
ceeding generation,  in  proportion  to  tlu^  remnteness 
of  time.  Founded  on  the  geimineness  of  those  au- 
thorities, who,  without  the  least  shaile  of  fidde,  have 
transmitted  to  us  their  true  history  :  rendered  |)ecu- 
liarly  interesting,  from  its  minuteness  of  detail,  even 
beyond  what  could  have  been  expected.  !n-;omueh, 
that  no  one  can  read,  wit!'"it;  the  deepest  int(>rest  in 
their  situations  ;  and  seem, ng,  as  it  were,  to  live  over 
those  days  with  them,  and  to  gain  a  perfect  ac- 
quaintance with  a  Carver,  a  Bradford,  a  Winslow, 
and,  indeed,  the  whole  train  of  worthies. 

IV. HISTORY  OF    TUT.    PEi^UOT    WAR. 

Wfiilr  the  number  of  English  inhibitants  was 
small,  their  troubles  with  the  Indians  were  easily  set- 
tkul.  But  as  is  natural  to  mankind,  as  they  increas- 
ed in  numbers  and  wealth,  th(^y  were  too  proud  to 
court  the  iiivour  of  the  natives.  And  notwitlist:uid- 
iiig.  great  tribute  is  due  to  the  memory  of  our  venera- 
h\o  forefathers,  for  their  almost  uncxami)!ed  resolu- 
tion, perseverance,  and  above  all,  Hjrtitu  ie  and  wis- 
dom, yet  they  were  men,  and  accountable  only  as 
men. 

"  Tliero  was  a  nation  of  Indians  in  the  soutliern 
parts  of  Newenglund,  called  Pequods  seated  on   a 


APPENP'X. 


303 


fair  navigable  river,*  twelve  miles  to  the  eastward 
of  the  mituth  of  the  great  and  famous  river  of 
Conneetirut ;  who  (as  was  commuiily  re{)orte(i 
about  the  time  wiien  Ncvveuglaud  was  first  planted 
by  the  English)  being  a  more  fierce,  cruel,  and  war- 
liie  people  than  the  rest  of  the  Indians,  came  down 
out  of  the  more  inland  parts  (ff  the  continent,  and  by 
force,  seized  upon  one  of  the  goodliest  places,  near 
tlie  sea,  and  became  a  terror  to  all  their  neighbours, 
on  whom  they  had  exercised  several  acts  of  inhuman 
cruelty;  insonuich,  tliat  being  flushed  with  victories 
over  their  fellow  Indians,  they  began  to  thir^  after 
the  Ijlood  of  foreigners,  English  and  Dutch, f  that  ac- 
cidentally came  amongst  them,  in  a  way  of  trade  or 
upon  other  accounts. 

"  In  the  year  1034,  they  treacherously  and  cruel- 
ly murdered  C'aptain  Stone|  and  Captain  Norton,\^ 
who  came  occasionally  with  a  baik  into  the  river  to 
trade  with  them.  Not  long  after  within  the  compass 
of  the  next  )ear,||  they  in  like  treacherous  manner, 
sicnv  one  Mr.  Oldham,^  (formerly  belonging  to  N(!W 
IMymouth,  but  at  that  time  an  inhabitant  of  Massa- 
chusi'tts)  at  Block  island,**  a  |)laco  not  far  from  the 
mouth  of  their  harbour,  as  he  was  fairly  trading  with 
lhem."tt 

*  Mystic  river. 

t  Some  cfthe  Dutch  that  brlonfjeil  to  Manhattans,  now 
Ni'wvoi'k,  iiad  11  tradinp;  house  on  Connecticut  river,  and  in 
some  dilliculties  witli  the  indi;ins  some  \vere  killed. 

i  Captain  Stone  was  from  St.  Chri^tonhcrs,  and  came  to 
trude  in  Connecticut  river  at  the  Dutch  liousc.  Hist.  Con. 
1,70. 

§  Norton  was  of  Massachusetts  and  killed  the  same  time, 
lb.  II  It  was  in   163b. 

IT  Some  dilliculty  was  occasioned  with  Mr.  Oldliam,  on  ac- 
coniit  of  reiijfious  matteis,  and  he  was  lumi^hed  out  of  Mas- 
j^achnsetts,  hut  was  ul\cruard  |)eiiiiitted  to  return.  Foi  a 
valualde  memoir  of  him,  see  Mr.  Savage'?;  edition  of  Win- 
throp's  Hist.  I,  80. 

••  About  20  miles  S.  S.  W.  of  Newport,  R.  1. 

tl  Hubbard's  Narrative. 


li: 


304 


APPENDIX. 


!  1 


How  mucli  cause  the  Indians  had  for  these  outra- 
ges we  cannot  tell ;  they  say,  tliat  captain  Stone  sur- 
prised some  ot  their  men,  and  forced  them  to  pilot 
liim  up  the  river,  and  that  on  his  coming  ashore,  with 
two  others,  was  killed  while  asleep.  The  English 
account  is  as  follows.  Having  entered  the  river. 
Stone  hired  some  Indians  to  pilot  two  of  his  men  up 
the  river,  who  at  night  went  on  shore  to  sleep, 
and  were  murdered  by  their  pilots.  About  a  dozen 
of  those  Indians,  who  had  been  trading  with  Captain 
Stone,  went  on  board  his  vessel,  and  murdered  i>im, 
as  he  lay  asleep  in  his  cabin,  and  threw  a  covering 
over  him.  The  men  were  murdered  as  they  appear- 
ed, one  after  another,  except  captain  Norton,  who  de- 
fended hitnself  in  the  cook's  room,  until  some  pow- 
der that  he  had  in  an  open  vessel  for  the  quick  load- 
ing of  his  gun,  took  fire,  and  so  burned  him  that  he 
could  resist  no  longer. 

Mr.  John  Oldham  was  murdered  at  Block  island 
by  some  of  them,  or  at  least  the  murderers  were  shel- 
tered by  them.  One  Gallop,  in  his  passage  from 
Connecticut,  discovered  Mr.  Oldham's  vessel,  and  on 
coming  near,  found  the  deck  to  be  covered  with  In- 
dians. Gallop  now  suspected  that  they  had  killed 
Mr.  Oldham.  He  h;iiled  them,  and  they  gave  no 
answer,  but  made  off  as  fast  as  they  could  ;  he  made 
for  them,  and  was  soon  up  with  them ;  fired  among 
them,  and  drove  f»Il  from  the  deck.  His  crew  being 
small,  would  not  venture  to  board,  and  so  stood  off 
and  took  tlie  force  of  the  wind,  and  ran  down  upon 
them,  and  nearly  overset  their  vessel.  Six  of  them 
were  so  frightened,  that  they  leaped  overboard  and 
were  drowned.  He  again  stood  off,  and  so  I.tshed 
his  anchor,  that  when  he  came  down  upon  them 
again,  it  bored  through  tne  bows  of  the  Indians'  ves- 
sel, and  four  or  five  more  jumped  overboard  and  were 
lost.  The  vessels  now  stuck  fast  together,  and  they 
fought  side  by  side,  until  they  drove  all  below  ag;;in  ; 
aiiti  then  Gallop  boarded  them,  and  as  they  veutur- 


ii 


_-J 


APPENDIX. 


305 


ed  up,  were  taken  and  bound.  He  not  having  places 
convenient  to  keep  them  all,  threw  one  into  the  sea. 
They  found  the  body  of  Mr.  Oldham,  covered  over 
with  a  sail,  with  his  head  cleft  to  the  brains.  In 
this  action,  Gallop  had  with  him  but  one  man,  and 
two  boys.  On  board  of  Mr.  Oldham's  vessel  were 
fourteen  Indians;  two  or  three  of  whom  got  in  a  hole 
below,  and  could  not  be  drove  from  it.  Captain 
Gallop  then  fastened  the  vessel  to  his,  in  order  to 
take  her  in,  but  in  a  gale  she  was  broken  off  and 
lost. 

The  same  year,  IGSG,  the  government  of  Massa- 
chusetts sent  Captain  Endicott  with  ninety  men  to 
avenge  these  murders,  in  case  the  murderers  were 
not  delivered  up,  and  restitution  made  for  the  losses 
sustained.  The  Narragansets,  who  had  some  hand 
in  the  murder,  now  submitted  to  the  terms  offered 
by  the  English.  Captain  Endicott  proceeded  to 
Block  island,  having  with  him  Captain  John  Under- 
bill, and  Captain  Nathaniel  Turner.  At  their  arrival 
they  were  met  by  about  forty  Indians,  who  all  fled 
into  thickets,  where  they  could  not  be  found.  They 
burned  sixty  wigwams,  and  destroyed  about  two  hun- 
dred acres  of  corn,  and  all  their  canoes,  then  sailed 
for  the  Pequot  country.  On  their  arrival  in  Pequot 
harbour,*  several  hundreds  collected  on  the  shore, 
but  on  learning  the  business  of  the  English,  fled  into 
the  woods.  The  men  were  landed  on  both  sides  of 
the  river,  and  the  Indians  fired  some  arrows  at  them 
from  behind  the  rocks  and  bushes.  One  or  two  of 
the  enemy  were  killed,  but  no  object  was  effected, 
and  the  troops  returned  to  Boston. 

Captain  Underbill  and  twenty  men  were  to  pro- 
ceed from  thence  to  Say  brook  fort,  and  strength- 
en it.  But  being  wind  bound,  they  went  on  shore  to 
take  some  Indian  corn,  and  were  surprised  by  a  largo 

•  At  the  mouth  of  Pequot  river,  now  called  the  river 
Thames. 

20 


306 


APPENDIX 


body  of  the  enemy,  who  fought  Ihcm  most  of  the 
afternoon.  They,  however,  put  the  Indiiuis  to  lliglit, 
and  embarked  on  board  their  vessel.  One  man  only 
was  wounded,  but  they  concluded  that  a  number  of 
the  enemy  were  killed. 

As  nothing  now  was  expected  but  war,  the  Eng- 
lish took  measures  to  secure  the  friendship  of  the 
Narragansets,  which  they  ettected.  They  had  much 
to  fear,  in  case  they  should  join  with  the  Pequots, 
being  very  numerous,  their  warriours  being  estimat- 
ed at  five  thousand. 

Endicott's  ili  uucess  rather  emboldened  them  than 
otherwise,  and  in  the  next  April,  1G37,  six  men  were 
killed  near  Weathersfield,  and  several  women  were 
captivated.  In  all  thirty  had  been  killed  since  the 
first  disturbances  took  place. 

Vigorous  measures  were  now  resolved  upon  by  the 
people  of  Connecticut,  who  raised  ninety  men;  and 
shortly  after,  the  other  colonies  united  in  the  com- 
mon cause.*  The  Connecticut  troops,  under  Cap 
tain  John  Mason,  on  the  tenth  of  May,  accompanied 
by  about  seventy  Mohegan  Indians,  under  Uncad 
their  Sachem,  embarked  down  the  river  for  Saybrook 
fort ;  where,  after  making  proper  arrangements,  they 

•  The  Massachusetts  forces  were  on  their  march  to  join 
those  of  Connecticut,  "  when  they  were  retarded  by  the  most 
singular  cause  that  ever  inlluenccd  the  operations  of  a  mili- 
tary force.  When  they  were  mastered  previous  to  their  de- 
parture, it  was  found  lliat  some  of  the  officers,  as  well  a:< 
the  private  soldiers,  were  still  under  a  covenant  of  work'^ ; 
and  that  the  blessing  of  God  could  not  be  implored  or  expecl- 
ed  to  crown  the  arms  of  such  unhallowed  men  with  success. 
The  alarm  was  general  and  many  arrangements  necessm  y 
in  order  to  cast  out  the  unclean,  and  to  render  this  little  itaiul* 
sufficiently  pure  to  fight  the  battles  of  a  people  who  enU'r- 
tained  high  ideas  of  their  own  sanctity."  Robertson's  Hisl. 
America,  II,  Book  X.  Thus  while  the  Boston  men  wrie  at 
war  with  the  spirits  of  darkness,  as  they  imagined,  the  Con- 
necticut men  under  Mason  were  left  alone  to  light  the  more 
dfcngerouH  Pequots,  as  will  presently  be  seen. 

'CoDsisting  oi  200. 


APPENDIX. 


307 


mart.'hed  to  Narrngtinsot  buy.  Here  tliey  enguj^ed 
a  large  body  of  the  Narriigsmsets,  as  auxiliaries,  and 
then  |)rocee(led  to  Niliaiitic,*  where  they  arrived, 
May  twenty  fourth. 

The  next  morning  they  were  joined  by  another  body 
of  the  Narragansets,  which  made  their  Indian  fwrce 
amount  to  near  five  hundred  men.  Aft<;r  marching 
twelve  miles,  to  Pawcatuck  river,  Ca|)tain  Mason 
halted  to  refresh  his  men.  The  weather  was  ex- 
tremely hot,  and  the  men  suffered  very  much.  Ills 
Narragansct  men  now  learning  that  they  were  going 
to  attack  the  Pequot's  chief  fort,  were  greatly  amaz- 
ed, and  the  most  of  them  returned  home.  One  We- 
quash,  a  deserter  from  the  Pequots,  now  piloted  the 
army  to  a  fort  at  Mystic.  At  night  they  encamped 
by  two  large  rocks, f  and  two  hours  before  day,  made 
ready  to  attack  the  fort.  They  yet  had  two  miles  to 
march,  which  took  them  until  near  the  dawn  of  day. 
The  fort  was  on  the  top  of  a  hill,  and  no  time  must  be 
lost  in  making  the  attack.  Their  friend  Indians  now 
chiefly  deserted  them,  and  they  divided  themselves 
into  two  divisions,  for  the  benefit  of  attacking  them 
in  two  particular  points.  The  party  under  Mason 
pressed  on  to  the  east  side,  while  that  under  Cap- 
tain Underhill  gained  the  west.  As  Mason  ap- 
proached the  palisades,  a  dog  gave  the  alarm,  and 
an  Indian  cried  out  "  Owanux !  Owanux  .'"  that  is, 
"  Englishmen  !  Englishmen  !"  Being  now  discover- 
ed, they  instaiitly  discharged  through  the  palisades, 
and  then  rushed  into  the  fort  sword  in  hand.  Here 
the  battle  was  severe,  and  for  some  time  doubtful. 
As  the  moment  grew  more  critical.  Mason  thought 
of  the  last  expedient,  and  cried  out,  "  We  must  burn 
them  !  We  must  burn  them  !"  and  taking  a  brand  of 
fire,  communicated  it  to  the  mats,  with  which  the 
wigwams  were  covered,  they  were  all  in  a  blaze  in  a 

•  In  Lyme. 

t"Betweon  two  large  rocks  in  Groton,  sinco  called  Porter's 
rocks,"    Trumbull.  I,  83, 


308 


APPENDIX. 


momont.  TIio  English  tlii;n  formed  a  cirdo  about 
tlio  fort,  and  all  lliat  ventured  out  to  escape  the 
flames,  were  immediately  sliot  down.  Drciidful  now 
was  the  work  of  death.  Some  perishin-;  in  the 
flames,  others  climbing  over  the  palisades,  wvra  no 
sooner  up  than  shot  down.  Uncas,  in  the  mean 
time,  had  come  up  and  formed  a  circle  in  the  rear, 
and.  in  a  little  more  than  an  hour,  the  work  was  com- 
plete. Six  or  seven  hundred  Indians  were  slain, 
and  but  two  of  the  English,  and  sixteen  wounded. 

The  army  now  began  the  retreat,  and  a  body  of 
the  enemy  were  soon  seen  in  pursuit ;  but  a  few  shot 
kept  them  at  a  distance.  This  body  of  the  enemy 
had  not  been  in  the  battle,  and  on  arriving  at  the 
fort,  and  beholding  the  dismal  spectacle,  beat  the 
ground  with  rage,  and  tore  their  hair  in  despair. 

The  English  arrived  at  their  homes  in  about  three 
weeks  from  the  time  they  set  out,  and  flie  people 
were  greatly  rejoiced  at  their  success. 

Sassacus,  the  chief  of  the  Pequots,  and  most  of 
his  people,  now  fled  and  left  their  country.  But 
after  some  time,  it  was  discovered,  that  a  great  body 
of  them  were  in  a  swamp  to  the  westward.  Troops, 
therefore,  were  sent  from  Massachusetts,  who  joined 
others  from  Connecticut,  and  they  immediately 
marched  under  the  command  of  the  valiant  Mason, 
in  pursuit  of  them.  On  the  thirteenth  of  July  they 
arrived  at  the  fatal  swamp.  Some  of  the  English 
rushed  in,  but  were  badly  wounded,  and  rescued  with 
difficulty.  At  length  they  surrounded  the  swamp, 
and  the  fight  continued  through  the  most  of  the 
night.  By  the  help  of  a  thick  fog,  many  of  the  war- 
riours  escaped.  About  twenty  were  killed,  and  one 
hundred  and  eighty  captivated,  who  wore  divided 
among  the  Narragansets  and  Mo.hegujis.  Sassacus, 
with  a  few  of  his  chief  men,  fled  to  the  Mohawks, 
who,  at  the  request  of  tl.\e  Narragansets,  cut  ofl'  liis 


APPENniX. 


3oa 


liead ;  and  thus  terminated  the  Pequot  war.*'  No- 
thing of  great  moment  occurred  until  the  time  of 
Philip. 

V. REMAINS  OF  PHILIp's  WAR. 


It  is  intended  here,  to  narrate  the  most  important 
circumstances  in  the  progress  of  that  war  at  the 
eastward,  in  Maine  and  Newhampshire. 

It  was  generally  thought,  that  Philip  had  excited 
all  of  the  Indians  throughout  Nevvengland,  to  rise 
with  him  in  the  war.  While  this  has  been  doubted 
by  some,  others  think  it  probable,  that  his  endeavours 
were  used  even  among  the  distant  tribes  of  Virginia. f 
However  this  might  have  been,  it  is  certain,  that  with- 
in twenty  days  from  the  time  the  war  began  in  Swan- 
zey,  it  began  to  blaze  at  the  distance  of  tw(^  hundred 
miles,  even  at  the  northeasterly  extremity  of  New- 
england.  But  the  war  at  the  eastward  is  said  to  have 
grown  out  of  the  foolish  conduct  of  some  of  the  in- 
habitants. An  insult  was  offered  to  the  wife  of 
Squando,  a  chief  Sachem  on  the  river  Saco.  Some 
irregular  sailors,  having  heard  that  young  Indians 
could  swim  naturally,  like  those  of  the  brute  creation, 
met  the  wife  of  Squando  with  an  infant  child  in  a 
canoe,  and  to  ascertain  the  fact,  overset  it.  The 
child  sunk  to  the  bottom,  but  the  mother  diving  down, 
immediately  brought  it  up  without  apparent  injury. 
However,  it  fell  out,  that  the  child  died  shortly  after, 
and  its  death  v\  as  imputed  to  the  treatment  it  had  re- 
ceived from  the  sailors.  This  so  enraged  the  chief, 
that  he  only  waited  a  fit  time  to  commence  hostili- 
ties. Other  causes  of  the  war  were  not  wanting  all 
alonj;  the  eastern  frontier.     A  letter  was  received  at 

•  It  was  the  reflection  upon  the  fate  of  this  once  famous  na- 
tion, that  gave  rise  to  those  heautiful  and  symjiathcticU  lines 
in  Dwigkt's  Grcenfichl  hill,  Part  the  fourth,  which  see  in 
note  S  to  page  146  of  Philip's  war. 

t  See  Hubbard,  Nar.  263. 


'H 


1 


310 


APPRNDIX. 


i  i'i 


KcMtK'hcck,  from  York,  tlic  rli'vciitl.  July,  I  r.7r),  jfiv- 
irii;  iuuMMiiil  of  llic  war  iit  llic  wcst.va*''!.  ;iii  I  lliiil 
m<  !uis  were  iisiiii;  to  disiiriii  tliu  ii.ilivts  al>ii;  the 
siioro.  Ilail  til)'  IiidiaiH  t-iiti-rtaiiXMl  no  iilca-^  of  war 
bt'fort!,  tlicy  ccrtaiiily  vv(miM  Ix;  jiisiilii'd  m  mikiiig 
war  upon  any  that  wcrt;  about  to  (lc|tr:v('  llicin  of  tlio 
nu'ans  of  sclt'  defence.  IIow  inindi  have  th  ■  >>|)!ir- 
taiis.  under  Leonidas  b(!en  ceh-Uratetl  lor  ilieu-  an  \ver 
to  Xerxes,  when  he  endeavoured  to  [)ersuailc  them 
to  !^iv(!  up  their  arms.  ',>ut  tin;  Kn^lish  w<Te  n;>t  so 
gtMierous  as  the  Persian  nionar(d),  lor  he  proini-ied 
the  Spartans  a  far  better  coinitry  tlian  theirs,  if  they 
would  comply.  To  which  tliey  replied,  that  no 
country  was  worth  having  unless  won  by  valom- ;  and, 
as  to  their  arms,  they  should  want  them  in  any  coun- 
try. Perhaps  the  despised  fndiaris  deserve  as  mucih 
honour,  in  some  instances,  as  the  defenders  of  Ther- 
mopylic. 

In  an  attempt  to  force  the  Indians  to  (hdiver  up 
tluMr  arms  at  Kennebeck,  one  belon<^in;;  to  the  Eng- 
lish came  near  being  killed.  This  caustjd  consider- 
able tunndt,  but  at  length  was  settled,  by  |)romise3 
and  hostages  on  the  part  of  the  Indians,  lint  through 
the  supineness  of  their  keepers,  the  hostages  found 
means  to  escape  ;  and,  meeting  with  some  of  their 
fellows,  proceeded  to  Pejepscot,  where  they  plunder- 
ed the  house  of  one  Purchase,  an  early  plant<,'r,  and 
known  as  a  trader  among  tluin.  The  men  were  not 
at  home,  but  no  incivility  was  offered  to  the  women. 
This  was  in  September,  lOTf). 

About  twentytive  of  the  English  marched  out  to 
take  revenge  for  what  had  hvr.n  done.  They  went 
up  (^asco  bay,  and  landed  near  the  mouth  of  the  An- 
droscoggin, where  they  had  farms.  On  coming  near 
the  houses,  "  they  heard  a  knocking,"  and  presently 
saw  some  Indians;  who  it  appears,  were  doing  no 
harm;  but  without  waiting  to  know,  tiie  English 
rushed  on  them,  arul  some  were  killed.  The  Indians 
rallied,  and  wounded  many  of  them  before  they  could 


*8 

I 


APPENDIX. 


an 


gain  their  vcsi^sls.  Sfune  it  appears,  even  in  tho-i(! 
iliiys,  stood  a  little  for  tlie  rights  of  the  natives,  and 
ventured  to  question  the  virtue  of  this  action.  "  But," 
says  Mr., Iluhbnrd,  "if  this  happened  after  th(!  mur- 
der of  ohl  Mr.  Wakely  and  family,  the  English  can 
be  blamed  for  nothinji  hut  their  negligence."*  iJut 
uhcthiir  it  was  or  not,  does  not  appear. f  The  de- 
strnetion  of  this  family  was  horri(i.  Six  persons, 
namely,  the  old  gentleman,  his  son,  and  daughter  in 
law,  who  was  far  advanced  in  pregnancy,  and  tlireo 
grandchildren  were  killed,  and  mangled  in  a  shock- 
ing manner.  Some  of  them,  when  found  the  next 
day,  were  partly  consumed  in  the  flames  of  their 
dwelling,  to  which  the  Indians  set  fire  when  they 
drew  off. 

At  Saco  they  met  with  a  severe  repulse,  in  an  en- 
deavour to  take  Major  Phillips'  garrison. J  Captiiin 
IJenython  had  got  information  by  a  friendly  Indian, 
that  something  was  intended  against  the  place,  so  he 
retii.'d  into  the  garrison  with  Pliillips.  His  house 
iiad  not  been  deserted  above  an  hour,  when  he  saw 
it  in  flames.  The  savages  soon  crossed  the  river,  and 
were  seen  skulking  by  the  fences  to  get  a  shot  at 
some  about  the  garrison.  Major  Phillips  went  into 
u  chamber  to  look  out  for  the  enemy,  and  was  wound- 
ed. The  Indians  thought  they  had  killed  iiim,  an;l 
openly  began  the  attack ;  but  their  Captain  being 
immediately  shot  down,  they  drew  a  little  furtiier  oil'. 
They  now  emj)loyed  a  stratagem  to  fire  the  garrison. 
They  took  the  large  wheels,  (used  for  lumbering,  at 
a  mill  near  by,  which  they  burned)  and  erected  a 
battery  upon  the  axletree,  then  they  ran  it  back  by 
taking  hold  of  the  tongue  or  spear,  very  near  th(? 
garrison;  when  one  wheel  stuck  in  the  mud,  and  tlic 

*  Narrative,  269. 

t  SuHi\    1,  Hist.  jNtaine,  199.  says  it  was  in  July,  1676,  and  thai 
the  name  of  tiie  family  was  Wakelield. 
I  On  Saturday,  18  September. 


I 


ai2 


APPENDIX. 


other  rollincr  on,  ^iivc  tliciir  helm  an  oblique  direction, 
Jirid  tlioy  were  all  exposed  to  the  lire  of.the  Kii^lish, 
They  bein<^  in  readiness,  fired  frotn  (!V(!ry  |)art  of  the 
fortification  at  once,  killing  and  wounding  about  thirty. 
The  rest  gladly  gave  up  th<>  siege  and  fled.  They  next 
killed  seven  persons  at  IJlue  point,  (Searborough,) 
and  burned  twenty  houses.*  About  tin;  same;  time, 
five  persons  were  killed  by  the  saiu);  Indians,  while 
going  up  Saco  river.  In  the  sanu;  month,  they  burned 
two  houses  at  Oyster  river,  belonging  to  two  families 
by  the  name  of  ('hesly,  killed  two  men  passing  in  the 
river,  and  carried  two  captive.  Oiw.  Robinson  and 
son  were  shot  in  the  way  between  I'i.\et<'r  and  Hamp- 
ton, about  this  time.  Within  a  few  days,  also,  the 
house  ofoneTozer,  at  Newichwamioek,  was  assault- 
ed, wherein  were  fifteen  women  and  children,  all  of 
whom  except  two,  were  saved  by  the  intrepidity  of  a 
girl  (jf  eighteen.  She  first  seeing  the  Indians,  shut 
the  door  and  stc  id  against  it,  till  the  others  escaped 
to  the  next  house,  which  was  better  secured.  The 
Indians  chopped  the  door  to  pieces,  then  entering, 
knocked  her  down,  and  leaving  her  for  dead,  went  in 
pursuit  of  the  others ;  of  whom,  two  children,  who 
could  not  get  over  tlie  fence,  fell  into  their  iiands. 
The  valiant  heroine  recovered  of  her  wounds.  The 
two  next  days,  they  showed  themselves  on  both  sides 
of  the  river,  burned  two  houses  and  three  barns, 
containing  a  great  (juantity  of  grain.  And,  at  Oys- 
ter river,  they  burned  five  houses,  and  killed  two  men. 
The  people  were  now  deterinini'd  to  retaliate.  About 
twenty  young  men,  chiefly  <>f  Dover,  obtained  leave 
of  Major  Waldron,  then  conunander  of  ^lie  militia, 
to  hunt  the  enemy.  Having  divided  themselves  into 
small  parties,  one  of  these  came  upon  five  Indians 
in  the  woods,  near  a  deserted  house.  Two  of  them 
were  preparing  a  fire  to  roast  corn,  while  the  other 
tliree  were  gathering  it.     They  were  at  a  loss  at  first 

•Sullivan,  215. 


APPENDIX 


313 


liow  to  iniiko  their  onset,  ns  the  Indmns  worn  tho 
most  imincrouM.  Iliit  at  lcii;,'th,  concliiili'd  to  frccp 
up  and  knock  th(!  two  on  the  head  at  the  lire,  without 
noise  to  ahirin  the  otiiers.  'J'he  first  |)art  of  thi'ir 
plan  exactly  succeecU'd,  tho  two  Indians  heiii;;  hiid 
dead  with  tlie  huts  of  their  guns;  but  the  others  heard 
th(!  bk)ws  and  Med. 

P(!ople  in  general,  now  retired  to  garrison  houses, 
nnd  the  country  was  fiMed  with  consternation.  Octo- 
ber the  seventh,  Thurschiy,  a  man  was  shot  off  his 
horse,  as  he  was  ri<Hng  between  two  garrisons  at 
Newichwannock.  Not  far  from  tlio  same  phice  two 
others  were  shot  dead  the  sanu;  day.  About  the 
same  time,  an  old  gentleman,  by  the  name  of  Beard, 
was  killed,  and  his  head  cut  off  and  set  upon  a  pole. 
This  Was  at  Oyster  river.  On  Saturday,  the  six- 
teenth, about  a  hundred  Indians  appeared  at  Newich- 
wannock, (Berwick  now)  a  short  distance  from  tlie 
upper  garrison,  where  they  killed  one  Tozer,  and  cap- 
tured his  son.  The  guns  alarmed  Lieutenant  PJ.iis- 
ted  at  the  next  garrison,  who,  with  seven  men,  went 
out  on  a  discovery,  but  fell  into  an  ambush  ;  two  or 
three  were  killed,  and  the  others  (!scaped  to  the  gar- 
rison, where  they  were  closely  besieged.  In  this 
perilous  situation  ".leuleiiant  Phiisted  wrote  a  letter 
to  Major  Waldiv.n  for  iielp,  but  he  was  notable  to 
aHbrd  any.  Thi*  next  dayPlaisted  ventured  out  with 
twenty  men  to  bury  the  dead,  but  was  again  ambush- 
ed, and  hi-  men  deserted  him.  He  disdaining  to  fly, 
was  kill.  VI  upon  the  spot,  witii  his  eldest  son,  and  one 
more.  His  other  son  died  of  his  wounds.  It  appears 
that  the  Indians  now  drew  off,  for  Captain  Frost  went 
up  from  Sturgeon  creek,  the  next  day,  and  buried  the 
dead.  The  enemy  next  appeared  at  Sturgeon  creek, 
about  the  latter  end  of  the  month,  and  attac  .^edC-ip- 
tain  Frost's  house,  which  was  preserved  only  by  q 
stratagem.  Frost  had  only  three  boys  with  him,  but 
by  giving  orders  in  an  imperious  tone,  for  some  to 
march  here,  and  others  to  fire  there,  that  the  Indians 
O 


f 


S14 


APPENDIX. 


tlioujrfit  he  Imd  a  great  many  men,  so  went  off  and 
liJl  him.  The  nextchiy  they  appeared  agahist  Ports- 
riKniih,  on  the  Kittery  side,  where  they  killed  one 
mail  and  burned  his  house.  Some  shot  from  a  can- 
ni»n  being  thrown  among  them  from  a  battery  on 
I'ortsmouth  side,  they  thought  best  to  disappear.  A 
j)iirty  of  English  pursued  them,  and  recovered  most 
of  their  plunder,  but  killed  none.  Soon  after  a 
house  and  two  or  three  barns  were  burned  atQ.uoche- 
co,  and  three  or  four  persons  killed  about  Exeter  and 
Lainpreyeel  river. 

.At  Casco  bay,  Lieutenant  Ingcrsol's  son,  with 
another  man,  were  killed,  while  out  hunting.  Many 
houses  were  also  burned.  At  Black  point.  Lieuten- 
ant Augur  with  his  brother  were  killed.  Captain 
Wincol  of  Newichwaimock,  marched  this  way  for 
the  relief  of  his  friends,  with  about  fourteen  men. 
He  soon  had  a  skirmish  with  the  enemy,  and  lost  two 
or  three  of  his  men.  Soon  after,  as  they  were  march- 
ing along  on  the  sea  side,  they  were  beset  by  a  great 
body  of  Indians;  but,  chancing  to  get  behind  some 
timber,  from  nhence  they  dealt  witli  them  with  such 
effect,  that  they  soon  took  to  the  woods,  and  the 
English  escaped  in  a  canoe.  But  nine  men  from 
Saco,  having  heard  th(^  fniiig,  came  out  to  assist  their 
fellows,  and  fell  into  an  ambush,  and  were  all  killed. 
Two  persons  were  killed  at  Wells  in  the  beginning 
of  winter.  At  the  same  place,  one  Cross  and  one 
Isaac  Cousins  were  also  killed  about  a  week  afttsr. 

Depredations  were  suspended  on  account  of  the 
severity  of  winter.  But  i)efore  the  susj)ension,  up- 
wards of  fifty  peo|)lc  had  been  killed  and  tidien.  In 
tile  mean  time,  a  peace  was  concluded  through  the 
ni(!(lialion  of  Major  VValdron,  which,  says  Mr.  Hub- 
bard, "  i.iight  have  remained  firm  enougii  to  this  day, 
had  there  not  been  too  just  an  occasion  given  for  the 
br(^■lking  of  the  same,  by  tlu;  wicked  j)ractice  of  some 
lew-'  persons  which  opened  the  door,  and  made  way 
for  the  bringing  in  all  those  sail  calamities  and  mis- 


APPENDIX. 


315 


chiefs,  that  have  since  fallen  upon  those  parts  of  the 
coiiritiy." 

But  this  may  be  considered  as  the  end  of  Philip's 
war  in  the  east,  although  from  other  causes  a  war 
continued  till  1G78. 

Many  of  Piiilip's  Indians  mixed  with  those  at  the 
eastward  after  the  fall  of  that  chief,  in  hopes  of 
escaping  detection.  For  they  had  seen  even  those 
who  delivered  themselves  up,  executed,  therefore, 
they  were  apprised  of  their  fate.  Some  that  had 
killed  Thomas  Kimhal  of  Bradford,  and  carried  off 
his  family,  soon  after  restored  them  with  the  hopes  of 
pardon,  but  it  being  doubted  whether  this  was  a 
sufficient  atonement  for  the  whole,  they  (three  of 
them)  were  thrown  into  Dover  jail.  The  prisoners 
considering  this  only  as  a  prelude  to  their  future 
punishment,  broke  jail,  and  fled  to  join  the  Kenne- 
be(;k  and  Androscoggin  Indians.  Through  their  in- 
fluence another  quarrel  was  begun. 

The  next  remarkable  occurrence  was  the  caj^ure 
of  the  four  hundred  Indians  at  Quocheeo.*  For 
other  particulars  the  reader  is  referred  to  Mather's 
Magnalia,  and  Belknap's  Newhampshire. 

VI. THE    BOLD    EXPLOIT    OF    HANNAH    DUSTAN. 

This  took  place  in  the  latter  part  of  Castim's  War, 
or  as  others  term  it  "  King  IVilliani's  War;''  but  as 
it  is  evident  that  Castine  was  the  chief  mover  of  it, 
it  may  very  properly  be  called  Castine''s  flar. 

On  the  fifth  of  March,  161)8,  the  Indians  made  a 
descent  on  llnverhill  in  Massw-husetts,  in  which  they 
took  and  killed  thirtynine  persons,  and  burned  about 
a  hidfa  dozen  houses.  In  the  onset,  the  house  of  a 
Mr.  Dustan  was  fallen  upon,  and  his  wife,  who  had 
lain  in  but  a  week  before,  and  her  nurse.  Mary  Nelf, 
were  taken.     Mr.  Dustan  was  absent  when  the  In- 

•  An  account  of  the  allai:'  is  given  vvilli  tho  iiistory  of  Ma 
jor  VValdron  in  tlie  third  note  to  page  llil. 


1 

m 


! 


316 


APPENDIX. 


dians  first  appeared  about  the  town,  and  on  hearing 
the  alarm,  ran  to  the  assistance  of  his  family.  Meet- 
ing seven  of  his  children  near  his  .house,  ordered 
them  to  run,  and  make  their  escape  to  some  garrison 
in  the  town,  while  he  entered  the  house  with  intent 
to  help  his  wife  escape.  She  left  her  bed  at  the 
warning,  but  the  near  approach  of  the  Indians,  would 
admit  only  of  a  flying  retreat ;  this  Mr.  Dustan  saw 
was  impossible,  from  the  weak  state  of  his  wife.  A 
moment  of  horrour  and  despair  brooded  over  him;  in 
which  he  had  to  choose  whether  he  would  stay  and 
suffer  with  her,  or  make  his  escape.  He  resolved  on 
the  latter,  knowing  that  he  could  be  no  assistance  to 
her,  amidst  an  army  of  savages  ;  and,  that  he  might 
be  to  his  children,  in  facilitating  tlieir  escape.  Tiie 
Indians  were  now  upon  them,  but  he  having  a  horse, 
fled  before  them,  and  overtook  his  children,  about 
forty  rods  from  the  house  ;  some  one  of  which,  he  in- 
tended to  have  taken  on  the  horse  vvitli  him,  and  so 
escape.  But  now  he  was  at  a  loss,  for  which  one  to 
take,  he  knew  not ;  therefore,  he  resolved  to  face 
about,  and  defend  them  to  the  last.  Some  of  the 
enemy  drew  near  and  fired  upon  them,  and  Mr.  Dus- 
tan being  armed,  also  fired  upon  the  Indians,  at 
which  they  gave  over  the  pursuit,  and  returned  to 
share  the  spoils  of  the  house.  Mr.  Dustan  and  his 
seven  children  (from  two  to  seventeen  years  of  age) 
got  safe  to  a  garrison,  one  or  two  miles  oft*,  where 
we  must  leave  iiim  to  bewail  the  many  supposed 
deatiis  of  his  wife  and  infant  child. 

The  Indians,  being  about  twenty  in  number,  in  the 
mean  lime,  seized  the  nurse,  who  was  making  her 
escape  with  the  young  child,  and  taking  Mrs.  Dus- 
tan, with  what  plunder  could  be  found  from  the  house, 
set  it  on  fire,  and  took  up  their  march  for  Canada. 
The  infant  was  immediately  taken  from  the  nurse, 
and  a  monster  taking  it  by  the  feet,  dashed  out  its 
brains  against  a  tree.  Their  whole  number  of  cap- 
tives was  now  about  twelve,  which  gradually  dimin- 


APPENDIX. 


317 


ishcd  on  the  march.  Some,  growing  weary  and 
faint,  were  killed,  scalped,  and  otherwise  mangled, 
and  left  in  the  wilderness.  Notwithstanding  the 
weakness  of  Mrs,  Dustan,  she  travelled  twelve  miles 
the  first  day,  and  thus  bore  up  under  a  journey  of 
near  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  in  a  few  days. 
On  their  march  the  Indians  divided,  according  to  their 
usual  custom,  and  each  family  shifted  for  itself  with 
their  share  of  prisoners,  for  the  convenience  of  hunt- 
ing. Mrs.  Dustan,  her  nurse  and  an  English  youth, 
taken  from  Worcester  eighteen  months  before,  fell 
to  the  lot  of  an  Indian  family,  consisting  of  twelve 
persons ;  two  stout  men,  three  women,  and  seven 
children.  The  captives  were  informed,  that  when 
they  arrived  at  a  certain  Indian  town,  they  were  to 
run  the  gauntlet,  through  a  great  number  of  Indians. 
But  on  the  thirtieth  of  April,  having  arrived  at  the 
"  •  til  of  Contoocook  river,  th3y  encamped  upon  a 
".11  island,  and  pitched  their  tents.  As  all  lay 
asleep  but  Mrs,  Dustan,  she  conceived  the  bold  de- 
sign of  putting  the  Indians  to  death,  and  escaping. 
Accordingly,  she  silently  engaged  Miss  Neff,  and 
the  English  youth,  to  act  a  part  in  the  dreadful  tra- 
gedy ;  infusing  her  heroism  into  them,  each  took  a 
tomahawk,  and  with  such  deadly  effect  were  the 
blows  dealt,  that  all  were  slain  save  two  ;  one  a  wo- 
man, who  fied  desperately  wounded,  the  other  a  boy, 
whom  they  intended  to  have  kept.  They  then  took 
off  their  ten  scalps,  and  returned  home  in  safety. 
The  government  voted  them  fifty  pounds  reward, 
and  Colonel  Nicholson,  the  Govcrnour  of  Maryland, 
made  them  a  valuable  present.  The  island  on  which 
this  memorable  affair  happened,  justly  bears  the 
name  of  Dustan's  island.* 

•  For  (he  principal  facts  in  this  narrative  I  am  indebted  to 
the  Alagnalia. 


318  APPENDIX. 


VII.- -SCHENECTADA   DESTRO\  ED. 

"In  ihe  dead  of  winter,  three  expeditions  were 
planned,  and  parties  of  French  and  Indians  despatch- 
ed from  Canada,  on  different  routes,  to  the  frontiers 
of  the  l^.iglish  colonies.  One  of  these  parties,  on 
February  the  eighth,  1090,  fell  on  Schonectada,*  a 
village  on  the  Moiiawk  river.  Such  vvastiie  fatal  se- 
curity of  the  people,  that  they  had  not  so  much  as 
shut  their  g.ates.  The  enemy  made  the  attack  in  tl>e 
dead  time  of  the  night,  when  the  inhabitants  were 
in  a  profound  sleep.  Care  was  taken  by  a  division 
of  the  enemy  into  small  paities,  to  attack  every  house 
at  the  same  instant.  Before  the  people  were  risen 
from  their  beds,  the  enemy  were  in  possession  of 
their  dwellings,  and  commenced  the  most  inhuman 
barbarities.  In  an  instant  the  whole  village  was 
wrapped  in  a  general  flame.  Women  were  ripped 
up,  and  their  infants  dashed  against  the  posts  of  their 
dours,  or  cast'  into  the  flames.  Sixty  persons  perish- 
ed in  the  massacre,  and  about  thirty  were  captivat- 
ed. The  rest  fled  naked  in  a  terrible  storm  and  deep 
snow.  In  the  flight,  twcntyfive  of  these  unhappy 
fugitives  lost  their  limbs,  tinough  the  severity  of  the 
season. 

The  enemy  consisted  of  about  two  hundred  French, 
and  a  niimber  of  Caghnuagaf  Indians,  under  the 
command  of  D'AiHebout,  l)e  Mantel,  and  Le  Moyne. 
Their  first  design  was  against  Albany,  but  having 
been  two  and  twenty  days  on  their  march,  they  were 
redu(;(;d  to  such  straits,  that  they  hiid  thoughts  of 
surrendering  tliemselves  prisoners  of  war.     The  In- 

*  AI)out  14  miles  above  Albiiny,  on  the  west  Me  of  the 
Mohawk.  The  country  around  is  a  sandy  barrei.,  on  which 
account  it  was  called  Schenectada. 

t  This  Caghnuaga  is  in  Canada.  There  is  another  on  the 
Mohawk  river,  6  miles  below  Johnston,  but  the  inhabi- 
tants here  spell  it  Caughnewaga. 


APPENDIX. 


31 U 


dinns.  therefore,  advised  them  to  Sclienectuda  :  and 
it  seems  that  the  accounts,  which  their  scouts  <jfave 
them  of  its  fatal  security,  was  the  oidy  circumsiance 
which  determined  them  to  make  an  attempt,  even 
upon  this.  The  enemy  pillaged  the  town,  and  went 
off  with  the  plunder,  and  about  forty  of  tlie  best 
horses.  The  rest,  with  all  the  cattle  they  could  lind, 
were  left  slaughtered  in  the  streets.  Tiie  success  of 
the  enemy  seems  to  have  been  principally  owinr  to 
the  dispute  between  Leisler*  and  the  people  of  Alba- 
ny, in  consequence  of  which  this  post  was  neglect- 
ed. 

The  Mohawks  joining  a  party  of  young  men  from 
Albany,  pursued  the  enemy,  and  falling  on  their  rear, 
killed  and  captivated  nearly  thirty. "f 

VIII. 


The  success  of  the  French  and  Indians  against  the 
frontier  settlements  of  Newengland,  had  been  great, 
and  the  inactivity  of  the  people  to  repel  them,  had  just- 
ly been  an  object  of  blame  with  the  Sixnations;  for 
their  country  must  at  all  times  afford  a  pass  to  them. 
Steps,  therefore,  must  nov/  be  taken  to  retain  the 
confidence  of  those  people. 

Major  Peter  Schuyler,  the  Washington  of  his  day, 
lived  at  Albany,  where  with  incredible  industry  and 
perseverance,  he  made  himself  acquainted  with  all 
the  plans  and  undertakings  of  the  Sixnations,  and  as 
studiously  maiiitained  a  friendship  with  them,  which 
extended  to  all  Americans.  They  had  received  re- 
peated injuries  from  the  French  for  a  long  time,  and 
something  was  now  necessary  to  prove  to  tiiem,  that 
the  English  were  not  afraid  to  meet  them  on  their 
own  ground.  Accordingly,  in  1 G9 1 ,  Major  Schuyler, 
"  with  about  three   hundred  men,  nearly  half  Mo- 

•  Afterwarils  executed  for  assumins  the  government  of 
Newyork.     See  Smith's  Hist.  N.  Y.  121  to  129. 

t  Trumbull's  Hist.  U.  S.  I,  21.5  to  217. 


320 


APPENDIX. 


I 


hnwks  and  Schakook*  Indians,  passed  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  and  made  a  bold  attack  on  tiie  French  settle- 
ments north  of  the  lake.  Meanwhile,  DeCallicres,  the 
Governour  of  Montreal,  spared  no  pains  to  give  him 
a  proper  reception.  He  crossed  the  river  with  twelve 
hundred  men,  and  encamped  at  La  Praire.  Schuy- 
ler attacked  and  put  to  flight  his  out  posts  and  In- 
dians, pursued  them  to  the  fort,  and  on  that  com- 
menced a  brisk  attack.  He  had  a  sharp  and  brave 
action  with  the  French  regulars,  and  afterward  forc- 
ing his  way  through  a  body  of  the  enemy,  who  in- 
tercepted him,  on  his  return,  made  good  his  retreat. 
In  these  several  conflicts,  the  Major  slew  of  the  ene- 
my, thirteen  oflicers,  and  in  the  whole  three  hundred 
men;  a  greater  number  than  he  carried  with  iiim 
into  the  tield."t 

Before  this,  in  1688,  twelve  hundred  warriours  of 
the  Sixnations,  made  a  descent  on  the  island  of  Mon- 
treal, slew  a  thousand  of  the  inhabitants,  and  carried 
ort*  tvventysix  prisoners,  whom  they  burnt  alive. 
About  three  months  after,  they  attacked  the  island 
again,  and  went  off  with  nearly  the  same  success. 
"  These  expeditions  had  the  most  dismal  consequen- 
ces on  the  aflairs  of  the  French  in  Canr.da."  They 
had  a  garrison  at  lake  Ontario,  which  they  now  aban- 
doned, and  fled  in  canoes  down  the  Cadnrackui  in 
the  night ;  and,  in  descending  the  falls,  a  great  num- 
ber of  men  were  lost.  Th^  warriours  then  took  pos- 
session of  the  garrison,  and  tvventyseven  barrels  of 
powder  fell  into  their  hands.  Nothing  but  the  ignor- 
ance of  the  Sixnations,  in  the  European  art  of  wur, 
saved  Canada  from  total  ruin  ;  and,  what  will  ever  bo 
lamented,  the  colonies,  through  the  caprice  of  their 
European  lords,  were  unable  to  lend  them  any  assist- 
ance. With  a  little  help  from  the  English,  a  pcriotl 
would  have  been   put  to  the  torrents  of  blood  that 


•  Trumbull,  I,  221,  but  at  SOI.  hi'  spells  it  as  seen  in 
tj/s  war,  page  68  except  thai  lie  used  but  one  t 

t  Ibid.  221-225. 


Phil- 


APPENDIX. 


321 


flowed  until  the  conquest  by  the  immortal  Wolf  and 
Amherst,  in  17C0. 

IX. DESTRUCTION  OP  DEEUFIELB. 

In  1703,  the  plan  was  laid  to  cut  off  the  frontier 
inhabitants  of  Newengland,  from  one  extremity  to  the 
other,  but  it  was  not  fully  executed.  Though  the 
eastern  settlements  from  Casco  to  Wells  were  de- 
stroyed, and  one  hundred  and  thirty  people  killed  and 
taken,  the  western  frontiers  remained  unmolested, 
and  were  lulled  into  a  fatal  security.  From  the  In- 
dians that  traded  at  Albany,  Colonel  Schuyler  receiv- 
ed intelligence  of  a  design  in  Canada  to  fall  upon 
Deerfield,  of  which  the  iniiabitants  were  informed  in 
May.  "  The  design  not  being  carried  into  execution 
in  the  course  of  the  summer,  the  intelligence  was 
not  enough  regarded.  But  the  next  winter,  1704, 
M.  Vaudricul,  [Vaudreuil]  Governour  of  Canada,  re- 
sumed the  project  with  much  attention." 

The  history  of  this  affair  from  the  accomplished 
historian  of  Vermont,  Dr.  Samuel  Williams,  is  per- 
haps more  particularly  interesting,  as  he  is  an  imme- 
diate descendant  of  a  principal  sufferer,  the  Rev. 
John  Williams,  I  give  it  in  his  own  words. 

"  Deerfield,  at  that  time,  was  the  most  northerly 
settlement  on  Connecticut  river,  a  few  families  at 
Northfield  excepted.  Against  tins  place,  M.  Vau- 
drieul  sent  out  a  party  of  about  three  hundred  French 
and  Indians.  They  were  put  under  the  command  of 
Hcrtel  de  Rouville,  assisted  by  four  of  his  brothers; 
all  of  which  had  been  trained  up  to  the  business  by 
their  father,  who  had  been  a  famous  partizan  in  tlieir 
former  wars.  The  route  they  took,  was  by  the  way 
of  Lake  Champlain,  till  they  came  to  the  French 
river,  now  called  Onion  river.  Advancing  up  that 
Btrenm,  they  passed  over  to  Connecticut  river,  and 
travelled  on  the  ice  till  they  came  near  to  DeerfiekU 
Mr.  Williams,  their  minister,  had  been  much  appre- 

o       21 


322 


APPENDIX. 


hensivo  of  danger,  and  att(!mptcd  to  make  tlio  samtj 
impression  on  the  minds  of  his  people,  but  not  with 
sufHeieiit  success;  but  upon  his  application,  the  go- 
vernment of  the  province  had  sent  a  guard  of  twenty 
soldiers  for  their  assistance.  The  fortifications  were 
some  slight  works  thrown  round  two  or  three  garri- 
son houses,  but  were  nearly  covered  in  some  places 
with  drifts  of  snow.  To  this  place,  Rouvillo  with 
his  party,  approached  on  February  the  twentyninth 
Hovering  round  the  place,  he  sent  out  his  spies  for 
intelligence.  The  watch  kept  the  streets  of  the  town 
till  about  two  hours  before  day,  "nd  then,  unfortu- 
nately, all  of  them  went  to  sleep.  Perceiving  all  to 
be  quiet,  the  enemy  embraced  the  opportunity  and 
rushed  on  to  the  attack.  The  snow  was  so  high, 
that  they  had  no  difficulty  in  jumping  over  the  vvaljs 
of  the  fortification  ;  and  immediately  separated  into 
small  parties,  to  appear  before  every  house  at  the 
same  time.  The  place  was  completely  surprised, 
and  the  enemy  were  entering  the  houses  at  the  mo- 
ment the  inhabitants  had  the  fiist  suspicion  of  their 
approach.  The  whole  village  was  carried  in  a  few 
hours,  and  with  very  little  resistance;  one  of  the  gar- 
rison houses  only,  being  able  to  hold  out  against  the 
enemy. 

Having  carried  the  place,  slain  fortyseven  of  the 
inhabitants,  captured  the  rest,  and  plundered  the  vil- 
lage, the  enemy  set  it  on  fire;  and  an  hour  after  sun 
rise  on  the  same  day,  retreated  in  great  haste.  A  small 
party  of  the  English  pursued  them,  and  a  skirmish 
ensued  the  same  day,  in  which  a  few  were  lost  on 
both  sides.  The  enemy,  however,  completely  suc- 
ceeded in  their  enterprize,  and  returned  to  Canada 
on  the  same  route,  carrying  with  them  one  hundred 
and  twelve  of  the  inhabitants  of  Deerfield,  as  prisoners 
of  war.  They  were  tvventyfive  days  on  their  march 
from  Deerfield  to  Chambly ;  and  like  their  masters, 
the  savages,  depended  on  hunting  for  their  supj)nrt. 
On  their  arrival  in  Canada,  they  found  much  hu- 


APrKNDIX 


323 


mnnity  and  kiruliicss  from  the  Freiu-h,  and  from  M. 
Vaudrieul  ilioir  Govornour ;  but  complained  much 
of  the  intolerance,  bigotry,  and  duplicity  of  the 
priests."*  . 

Amon^  the  captives  was  the  minister  of  the  town, 
Rev.  John  Williams.  As  the  Indians  entered  his 
room,  111!  took  down  his  pistol,  and  presented  it  to 
the  bn  astof  the  foremost,  but  it  missed  fire.  They 
then  laid  hold  on  him,  and  bound  him  naked  as  he 
was,  and  thus  kept  him  for  the  space  of  an  hour.  In 
the  mean  time  two  of  the  children  were  carried  out 
and  killed  ;  also  a  negro  woman.  His  wife,  who  was 
hardly  recovered  from  childbed,  was  with  the  rest 
marched  for  Canada.  The  second  day,  in  wading  a 
river,  Mrs.  Williams  fainted  and  fell,  but  with  assist- 
ance was  kept  along  a  little  farther;  when  at  the 
foot  of  a  hill  she  began  to  falter,  her  savage  master, 
with  one  blow  of  his  tomahawk,  put  an  end  to  her 
miseries. 

The  distance  they  had  to  march  was  at  least  three 
hundred  miles.  At  ditVerent  times  the  most  of  the 
prisoners  were  redeemed  and  returned  home.  Mr. 
Williams  and  fiftyseven  others  arrive('  at  Boston  from 
Quebeck,  in  1706.  One  of  his  daughters,  Eunice, 
rntU'ried  an  Indian,  and  became  a  convert  to  the  Ro- 
man Catholick  religion,  which  she  never  would  con- 
sent to  forsake.  She  frequently  visited  her  friends 
in  Newengland  ;  "  but  she  uniformly  persisted  in 
wearing  her  blanket  and  counting  her  beads. "f 

Mr.  Williams,  after  his  return, was  invited  \o  preach 
near  Boston ;  but  refused  every  olfer,  and  returned 
agam  to  Deerfield  and  collected  his  scattered  flock, 
with  whom  he  continued  until  ITiH;  "dying  in 
peace,  beloved  by  his  people,  and  lamjcnted  by  his 
country."  He  published  a  history  of  his  captivity, 
wjiich,  when  Dr.  Williams,  his  grand  son,  wrote  his 

•  Williams'  Hist.  Vermont,  I,  304-307. 
t  Holmes'  American  Annals,  II,  63. 


1 1 


n24 


AI'PKNDIX. 


history  of  Vermont,  liud  passed  tl.rough  seven  cdi 
tioiis.* 

X. nAVAOES  OF  THE  EASTERN  INDIANS. 

In  1707,  tho  frontiers  suffered  extremely.  Oyster 
river,  Exeter,  Kingstown,  and  Dover  in  Newliamp- 
shire  ;  Berwick,  York,  Wells,  Winterluirbour,  Casco, 
and  even  Marlborough  in  Mass;ichns(?tts,  were  con- 
siderably damaged.  In  1710,  Col.  Walton  with  one 
hundred  and  seventy  men  made  an  expedition  to 
Norridgewock,  in  the  beginning  of  winter.  Tho 
chief  of  that  place  was  taken  and  killed, f  and  many 
more.  The  next  year  is  rendered  niemorable  by  tlie 
great  expedition  against  Canada;  memorable  only 
for  its  bad  success,  and  the  monstrous  debt  it  brought 
upon  the  Colonies.  In  1713,  a  peace  was  concluded 
with  France,  in  conse<]uence  of  which  the  eastern 
Indians  desired  peace  with  the  ctdonies,  which  was 
accordingly  brought  about. J  It  was  however  of 
short  duration.  In  August  1717,  it  was  renewed  at 
Arrowsike.§  but  was  broken  within  two  years  after, 

•  Hist.  Vermont. 

t  His  name  was  Arruliawikwahcrnt,  "an  active  boltl  fellow, 
and  one  of  an  undaunted  spirit  ;  for,  when  lie  was  asked 
several  tiuestions,  he  made  no  reply  ;  and  when  they  threat- 
ened him  with  death,  he  laughed  at  it  with  contempt."  Pen- 
hallow,  70. 

J  The  deloirates  met  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  11  .)uly,  and  a 
treaty  was  signed  the  13.  The  articles  are  preserved  entire 
in  Penhallow's  History,  82-85. 

§  Penhallow,  pagf"  90,  relates  a  story  concerning  the  abun- 
dance of  Dmrlcs  al  this  place,  «hich,  though  we  do  not  doubt 
it,  is  certainly  r(|ually  astonishing  to  many  Jlsh  stones. 
About  three  days  after  the  renewal  of  Ibr  treaty,  "  a  number 
of  Indians  went  a  duck  liuntii>g,  which  was  a  season  of  the 
year  that  the  old  ones  g -nerally  ^hed  their  feathers  in,  and 
the  3onng  one-  are  not  so  well  Hushed  as  to  be  able  to  fly  ; 
they  diox  e  them  like  a  llocl;  cf  sheep  before  them  'ilothe 
creeks,  where  without  either  powder  or  shot,  they  killed  at 
one  time,  four  thousand  and  six  hundred."  The  English 
Luughl  for  a  penny  a  dozen. 


^ 


1 1 

I  1 


APPENDIX. 


329 


and  various  hostilities  committed.  The  govprnmont, 
in  1721,  ordered  u  piirty  of  men  to  Norrid^fwock, 
their  chief  town,  but  on  their  approach,  the  Indians 
all  (led  into  the  woods.  One  Sebastian  Ralle,  or 
Rollc  dwelt  there,  as  a  missionary  amon;^  them,  and 
was  supposed  to  Imve  stirred  up  the  Indians  to  hos- 
tilities, asCastinc  formerly  had.  Nothinj;  was  effect- 
ed by  the  expedition,  except  the  brin<^ing  away  of 
some  of  Ralle's  papers,  by  which  it  was  discovered, 
that  he  was  instigator  in  the  war.  This  was  thought 
by  the  Indians  to  bo  such  an  insult  on  the  divine 
agency,  that  tliey  now  made  war  their  business.  In 
June,  1122,  a  large  body  struck  a  deadly  blow  on 
Merrymecting  bay,  a  village  on  an  arm  of  the  Win- 
nipissaukec,*  where  they  took  nine  families. f  Short- 
ly after,  at  Passummaquaddy,  they  look  a  vessel  with 
passengers,  and  burned  Brunswick. 

War  was  now  declared  on  the  part  of  the  English, 
and  in  February,  Col.  Westbrook  with  one  htmdred 
and  thirty  men,  ranged  the  coast  with  small  vessels 
as  far  as  Mountdesert.     "  On  his  return  ho  sailed  up 
the  Penobscot,  and  about  ihirtytwo  miles  above  the 
anchoring  place,  for  the  transports,  discovered  the 
Indian  Castle.     It  was  seventy   feet   long  and   fifty, 
broad.     Within  were  twentythree  well  finished  wig- 
wams.    Without  was  a  handsome  church,  sixty  feetj 
long  and  thirty  broad.     There  was  also  a  commo-1 
dious  house  for  their  priest.     l>ut  these  were  all  de-j 
stroyed,  nnd  nothing  more  was  accomplished  by  the( 
expedition,  than  the  barbarous  business  of  burning 
this  Indian  village. 


*  There  are  many  ways  used  in  writing  this  word,  Doug- 
lass, on  the  s?me  page  has  it  two  ways ;  and  lew  early  authors 
write  it  alike,  liul  all,  or  neurly  all,  seem  to  aim  at  the  sound 
which  I  have  endeavoured  to  give  it.  And,  as  the  inhabitants, 
who  dwell  around  tins  lake,  pronounce  it  so,  I  see  no  reason 
why  we  should  not  write  it  so  ;  especially,  as  it  was  the  most 
early  way,  and,  no  doubt,  so  called  by  the  natives  themselves 

t  Most  of  these  were  afterward  set  at  liberty.  Penhal- 
low,  91. 


I 


320 


APPENDIX. 


Aftcrwnnls  rn|)tiiiii  Moiillon  wont  up  with  n  party 
of  iii"ii  l«t  N()rri(l;;c\V()(li,  hut  ilit;  villiige  was  do- 
fit'rti'd.  Il(!  WHS  n  l)riive  mid  |)riidiMtt  man,  and,  pro* 
bahly.  iina<riniM<r  that  mndrration  and  humanity 
inij^ht  excite  the  Indians  to  a  more  favourable  coii- 
dui't  towards  the  English,  he  left  their  houses  and 
Chnrrh  standing." 

In  April,  I72.{,  eight  porsons  wore  killed  or  taken 
at  Sc'irhorrMigh  and  Falmouth.  "  Among  the  dead 
was  u  bergeiint  Chubb,  whom  the  Indians  imagining 
to  be  Capiain  Ilarman,  against  whom  they  had  con- 
ceived the  utmost  malignity,  fifteen  aiming  at  him 
at  the  same  instant,  lodged  eleven  bullets  in  his 
body. 

Besides  other  mischiefs,  the  enemy,  the  stmimcr 
following,  surprised  Casco,  with  other  harbours  in 
its  vicinity,  and  captured  sixteen  or  seventeen  sail  of 
fishing  vessels.  The  vessels  belonged  to  Massachu- 
setts ;  but  (rovernour  Philips  of  Novascotia,  Inppen- 
ing  to  be  at  Casco,  ordered  two  sloops  to  be  imme- 
diately maimed  and  dispatched  in  pursuit  of  the  ene- 
my. The  sk»ops  were  commanded  by  John  Fl'-.ft  of 
Boston,  and  John  Robinson  of  cape  Anne.  As  Kliot 
was  ranging  the  coast  he  discovered  seven  vessels  in 
Winepang  harbour.  He  concealed  his  men,  except 
four  or  five,  and  made  directly  for  the;  harbour. 
Coming  nearly  up  to  one  of  the  vessels,  on  board  of 
which  was  about  sixty  Indians,  in  high  expectation 
of  another  prize,  they  hoisted  their  pendants  and 
cried  out  '  Strike  English  dogs  and  com*;  aboard  for 
you  are  a'l  prisoners.'  Eliot  answered  that  he  would 
make  all  the  haste  he  could.  As  he  made  no  attc^mpts 
to  escape,  the  enemy  soon  suspected  mischief,  cut 
their  cable  and  attempted  to  gain  the  shore ;  but  im- 
mediately boarding  them  he  prevented  their  escape. 
For  about  half  an  hour  they  made  brave  resistance, 
but  Eliot's  hand  grenadoes  made  such  a  havock 
among  them,  that  at  length,  those  who  had  not  been 
killed,  took  to  the  water    where   they   were  a  fair 


L 


APPENDIX. 


327 


mark  for  tlic  F.n<?lisli  inuskctci-rs.  Five  only  roiichcd 
the  sliorc!.  I'lliol  rcciMvcd  llirci!  had  wounds,  liiui  ono 
man  killed  iind  several  wounded.  lit;  recovered 
seven  vcHsels,  sevt  ral  hundred  tiuintals  of  fish,  and 
fiftren  ca|)uvc:;.  Many  of  the  captives  had  been 
pent  away,  and  nine  had  Ivn  murdered  in  cold  l>h)od. 
Ilohinson  retook  two  vessels  and  killed  several  of 
the  en(.'my. 

The  loss  of  such  a  number  of  men  dcstermincd  the 
enemy  to  seek  revenge  on  the  [)()or  fisi  jrmen. 
'J'wenty  of  these  yet  remained  in  their  hands,  at  the 
harbour  of  Malagash,  [where  the  remainder  of  the 
vessels  lay  which  they  had  taken  from  the  En.^lish, 
and  were  inaccessible  to  Captain  Kliot.]  i  hese 
were  all  destined  to  be  sacrificed  to  the  manes  of  the 
slaughtered  Indians.  At  the  very  time,  that  the  povv- 
uwing  and  other  ceremonies,  attending  such  horri- 
ble purposes,  were  just  commencing,  ( 'aptain  Klin, 
who  sometime  before  had  been  a  prisoner  among 
them,  arrived  oif  the  harbour ;  and  made  the  signal, 
or  sent  in  a  token,  which  it  had  been  agreed  between 
them,  should  be  the  sign  of  protection.  Three  In- 
dians came  aboard,  and  an  agreement  was  made  for 
the  ransom  both  of  the  ships  and  captives.  These 
were  delivered  and  tlie  ransom  paid.  Captain  lilin 
in  his  way  to  Boston,  captivated  a  number  of  them, 
near  cape  Sable  ;  and  Captain  Southack  a  number 
more,  which  they  brought  on  with  them  to  Boston." 

In  September  they  made  a  descent  on  the  island 
of  Arrowsike,  where  they  burned  the  houses,  killed 
the  cattle,  and  then  retired  to  their  heao  '!■.;•  iters  at 
Norridgcvvock.  There  was  a  garrison  on  i.e  island 
of  about  forty  men,  but  their  number  was  so  small 
compared  with  thai  of  the  enemy,  that  no  sally  was 
made. 

The  beginning  of  the  next  vcrr,  1724,  was  alto- 
gether unfavourable  to  the  English.  People  were 
killed  at  Cape  Porpnise,  Black  Point,  and  Berwick; 
also  at  Lamprey,  and  Oyster  rivers,  and  Kingston, 
in  Newhampshiro. 


'1.11 

'til 
'II 


'i^ii 


L_: 


328 


APPENDIX. 


"Captain  Josiah  Winslow,  who  had  been  station- 
ed at  tlie  fort  on  St.  George's  river,  with  part  of  his 
company,  had  been  surprised  and  cut  off.  He  went 
out  from  the  tort  witii  two  whaleboats,  fourteen  white 
men,  and  three  Indians.  It  seems  the  enemy  watch- 
ed their  motions,  and  on  their  return,  suddenly  sur- 
rounded them,  with  thirty  canoes,  whose  compliment 
was  not  less  than  a  hundred  Indians.  Tiie  English 
attempted  to  land,  but  were  intercepted,  and  nothing 
remained  but  to  sell  their  lives  as  dearly  as  possible. 
They  made  a  brave  defence,  but  every  Englishman 
was  killed.  The  three  Indians  escaped  to  report 
their  hapless  fall.  Flushed  with  these  successes,  the 
enemy  attempted  still  greater  feats  on  the  water. 
They  took  two  shallops  at  the  isles  of  shoals.  They 
then  made  seizures  of  other  vessels  in  difierent  har- 
bours. Among  others  they  took  a  large  schooner 
carrying  two  swivel  guns.  This  they  mamied  and 
cruised  along  the  coast.  It  was  imagined  that  a 
small  force  would  be  able  to  con(iuer  these  raw  sai- 
lors. A  shallop  of  sixteen,  and  a  schooner  of  twenty 
men,  under  Captains  Jackson  and  Lakeman,  were 
armed  and  sent  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy.  They  soon 
came  up  with  them,  but  raw  as  they  were,  they  obli- 
ged the  English  vessels  to  sheer  otf,  and  leave  them 
to  pursue  their  own  course,  who  took  eleven  vessels 
and  fortyfive  men.  Twentytwo  they  killed,  and  the 
others  they  carried  into  captivity." 

While  these  affairs  were  passing  at  sea,  the  inland 
country  sutfered  also.  "  Mischief  was  done  at  Gro- 
ton,  Rutland,  Northampton,  and  Dover.  In  all  these 
places  more  or  less  were  killed,  some  wounded,  and 
others  carried  into  captivity." 

The  scene  is  now  to  change.  The  English  are 
resolved  to  visit  the  Indians  at  their  head  quarters, 
at  Norridgewock.  Accordingly,  Captains  Moulton, 
Harman,  and  Bourne,  with  two  hundred  and  eiglity 
men,  arriv»\l  at  Taconnock,  u|)  the  Keimebeck  river, 
tlie  twenUetli  of  August.     Here  they  left  their  boats 


APPENDIX. 


829 


and  forty  men  to  jiuard  tliem,  and  proceeded  the 
next  diiy  for  Norridgewock.  "In  the  eveiiiiiu;  they 
discovered  two  women,  the  wife  and  dauiilitrr  ot 
]>()maz3en,  the  famous  warriour  and  chieftain  of 
r^orridgewock.  They  tired  ujjon  them  and  killed  his 
daughter,  and  tlien  captivated  Ids  wife.  By  her  thi^y 
obtained  a  good  account  of  the  state  of  the  village. 
On  the  twentythird  they  came  near  it,  and  .is  they 
imagined  that  part  of  the  Ijidians  would  be  xi\  their 
corn  fields,  at  some  distance,  it  was  thought  expedi- 
ent to  make  a  division  of  the  army."  Captain  liar- 
man  marched  with  eiglity  men  into  the  fields  — 
"  Moulton  with  the  remainder  marched  directly  for 
the  village.  About  three  o'clock  ii  opened  sudden- 
ly upon  them.  Tlie  Indians  were  all  in  their  wig- 
wams entirely  secure.  Moulton  marched  his  men  in 
the  profoundest  silence,  and  ordered  that  not  one  of 
them  should  fire  at  random,  through  the  wigwams, 
nor  till  they  should  receive  the  enemy's  fire  ;  as  ho 
expected  they  would  come  out  in  a  painc  and  over- 
shoot them.  At  length  an  Indian  stepping  out,  dis- 
covered the  English  close  upon  them.  lie  instantly 
gave  the  war  hoop,  and  sixty  warriours  rushed  out  to 
meet  them.  The  Indians  fired  hastily  without  in- 
juring a  man.  The  English  returned  the  fire  with 
great  efiect,  and  the  Indians  instantly  fied  to  the  riv- 
er. Some  jumped  into  their  canoes,  others  into  the 
river,  which  the  tallest  of  them  were  able  to  ford. 
Moulton  closely  pursuing  them,  drove  them  from 
their  canoes,  and  killed  them  in  the  river,  so  that  it 
was  judged,  that  not  more  than  fifty  of  the  whole  vil- 
lage reached  the  opposite  shore.  Some  of  these 
were  shot  before  they  reached  the  wootls. 

The  English  then  returning  to  the  village,  found 
father  Ralle,  the  Jesuit,  firing  from  one  of  the  wig- 
wams on  a  small  number  of  men  who  had  not  been 
in  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy.  One  of  these  he  wound- 
ed; in  consequence  of  which,  one  Lieutenant  Ja- 


330 


APPENDIX. 


ques  burst  the  door  and  shot  him  through  tho  head. 
Captain  Moulton  had  given  orders  not  to  kill  liini. 
Jaques  excused  himself,  affirming  that  Ralla  vas 
loading  his  piece,  and  refused  to  give  or  take  quar- 
ter. With  the  English  tliere  were  three  Mohawks. 
Mogg,*  a  famous  Indian  wnrriour  firing  from  a  wig- 
wam killed  one  of  them.  His  brother  in  u  rage  Hew 
to  the  wigwam,  burst  the  door,  and  instantly  killed, 
Mogg.  The  English  followed  in  a  rage  and  killed 
his  squaw  and  two  helpless  children."  After  the  ac 
tion  Ilarman  arrived  and  they  all  lodged  in  the  vil- 
lage. "  In  the  moining  they  found  twentysix  deiid 
bodies,  besides  that  of  tlie  Jesuit.  Among  the  dead 
were  Bomazeen.  Mogg,  Wissememet,  and  IJomazeen's 
son  in  law,  all  famous  warriours."f 

The  inhumanity  of  the  English  to  the  women  and 
children  cannot  be  excused.  It  greatly  eclipses  the 
lustre  of  the  victory.  J 

The  Norridgev  ocks  were  now  broken  down,  and 
they  never  made  any  figure  afterwards.*^ 

XI. — lovewell's  fight. 

Perhaps  the  celebrated  story  of  "  Lovi w kil's 
Fir.HT,"  cannot  be  given,  to  interest  the  present  age, 
better  than  in  the  language  of  the  old  song,  composed 
just  after  it  hajjpened.  It  is  a  simple  and  true  nar- 
rative of  the  atiair. 

1  Of  worthy  Captain  Ii0Vpwp11,||  I  purpose  now  to  sing. 
How  valiantly  be  served  his  country  and  his  King  ; 

•  In  Philip's  War  there  was  a  chief  by  this  name.  Mr. 
Hubbard  called  him  "  Mug  the  rogue." 

t  "  The  nun'  r  in  all  that  were  killed  [of  the  enemy]  was 
supposed  to  be  eighty."     Penhallow,  108. 

\.  "  It  may,"  says  Peidiallow,  ib.  "  be  as  nolde  an  exploit, 
(all  tilings  considered)  as  ever  hapnend  in  the  lime  of  Kinn 
Philip."  ^  u  H 

§  The  above  article  is  taken  from  Dr.  Trumbull's  Hist.  U. 
S.  Chap.  IX. 

U  Cdjitain  .lobn  Lovewell  lived  in  Dunstable,  New  ..v,,. 


APPENDIX. 


331 


He  and  his  valiant  soldiprs,  did  ran^e  the  woods  full  wide, 
And  hardships  they  endured  to  quell  the  Indians'  pride. 

2  'Twas  nia;h  unto  Pijrwacket,*  on  the  eighth  day  of  May, t 
They  spied  a  rebel  Indian  soon  after  break  of  day; 
He  on  a  bank  was  walking,  upon  a  neck  of  land. 
Which  leads  into  a  pond+  as  we're  made  to  understand. 

8  Our  men  resolv'd  to  have  him  and  tiavcU'd  two  miles  round, 
Until  they  met  the  Indian,  whoboldlv  ,«tood  his  ground  ; 
Then  spake  up  Captain  Lovewell,  "Take  j'ou  good  heed," 

says  he, 
"  This  rogue  is  to  decoy  us,  I  very  plainly  see.§ 

4  "  The  Indians  lie  in  ambu-^h,  in  some  place  nigh  at  hand, 
"  In  order  to  surround  us  upon  this  neck  of  land  ; 

"  Therefore  we'll  march  in  order,  and  each  man  leave  hi% 

pack, II 
"  That  we  may  briskly  fight  them  when  they  make  their 

attack.'"' 

5  They  came  unto  this  Indian,  who  did  them  thus  defy. 
As  soon  as  they  came  nigh  him,  two  guns  he  did  let  tly,ir 

shire,  then  Massachusetts.  "  He  was  a  son  of  Zacheus  Love- 
well,  an  Ensign  in  (he  army  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  who  came 
to  this  country  and  settled  at  Dunstable,  where  he  died  at 
the  age  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  years,  the  oldest  white 
man  who  ever  died  in  the  state  of  Newhampshire."  Far- 
mer and  Moore's  Col,  III,  64. 

•Situated  on  the  upper  part  of  the  river  Saco,  then  50 
miles  from  any  white  settlement.  lb.  I,  27.  It  is  in  the 
present  town  of  Fryeburg,  Maine. 

t  They  set  out  from  Dunstable  about  the  16  April,  1725. 
Symmes'  narrative,  in  Farmer  and  Moore's  Col.  I,  27. 

t  Called  Saco  pond.  Sonje  call  this  Lovewell's  pond,  but 
LovcwcU's  pond  is  in  Wakefield,  where  he  some  time  before, 
captured  a  company  of  Indians,  who  were  on  their  way  to 
attack  some  of  th"  frontier  (jwns. 

§  This  Indian  was  out  a  hunting,  and  probably  had  no 
knowledge  of  the  FiHgli^h,  having  two  ducks  in  bis  hand,  and 
his  guns Toa  led  with  beaver  ,^hot.     Symvnes  and  Belknap. 

II  The  Indians  linding  their  packs,  learned  their  number, 
and  placed  themselves  to  surround  them,  when  they  return- 
ed. 

IT  It  appears  from  Mr.  Symmes,  that  the  F.nglish  saw  the 
Indian  coming,  I'nd  secreted  themselves,  firing  at  him  tirt-t. 


i|fi 


332 


APPENDIX. 


Which  wounded  Captain  Lovewell,  and  likewise  one  man 

more/  [gore.t 

But  when  this  rogue  was  running,  they  laid  him  in  his 

6  Then  having  scaln'd  the  Indian,  they  went  back  to  the  snot, 
Where  thev  had  laid  their  packs  down,  but  there  tncy 

found  them  not. 
For  the  Indians  having  spy'd  them,  when  they  them  down 

did  lay, 
Did  seize  them  for  their  plunder,  and  carry  them  away. 

7  Tlicse  rebels  lay  in  ambush,  this  very  place  hard  by, 
So  that  an  English  soldier  did  one  of  them  espy, 

And  cried  out  "  Here's  an  Indian,"  with  that  they  started 

out, 
As  fiercely  as  old  lions,  and  hideously  did  shout 

8  With  that  our  valiant  English,  all  gave  a  loud  huzza. 
To  shew  the  reljel  Indians  they  fear'd  them  not  a  straw: 
So  now  tlie  fight  began,  and  as  fiercely  as  could  be, 

T!:^  Indians  ran  up  to  them,  but  soon  were  forc'd  to  flee. J 

9  Then  spake  up  Captain  Lovewell,  when  first  the  fight  be- 

gan, 
"  Fight  on  my  valiant  heroes!  you  see  they  fall  like  rain." 
For  as  we  are  inform'd,  the  Indians  were  so  thick, 
A  man  could  scarcely  fire  a  gun  and  not  some  of  them  hit. 

10  Th.-^n  did  the  rebels  try  their  best  our  soldiers  to  surround. 
But  they  could  not  accomplish  it,  because  there  was  a  pond, 
To  which  our  men  retreated  and  covered  ail  the  rear,5 
The  rogues  -.vere  forc'd  to  flee  them,  altho'  they  skulk'd 

for  fear. 

He  then,  having  two  guns,  discharged  both.,  and  wounded 
the  Captain  mortally. 

*  Samuel  Whiting. 

t  Ensign  Wyman  shot  him,  and  Mr.  Fryt,  the  chaplain, 
and  another,  scalped  him.     Symmes. 

f  Both  parlies  advanced  with  their  guns  presented,  and 
wlien  they  came  within  "  a  few  yards,"  they  fired  on  both 
sides.  "  The  Indians  fell  in  considerable  numbers,  but  the 
English,  most,  if  not  all  of  them,  .-scaped  the  first  shot."  lb. 
Then  advancing  within  twice  the  length  of  their  guns,  slew 
nine.     Peniiallow. 

§  Twelve  were  killed  and  wounded  before  they  retreated 
to  the  pond.     There  was  a  small  bank,  vvhicb  served  thoin 


APPENDIX. 


333 


1 1  Two  log*  (here  were  behind  them,  (hat  close  together  lay, 
Without  being  discovered,  they  could  not  get  away  ; 
Therefore  our  valiant  English,  they  travell'd  in  a  row, 
And  at  a  handsome  distance  as  they  were  wont  to  go. 

12'Twas  10  o'clock  in  the  morning,  when  first  the  fight  begun, 
And  fiercely  did  continue  until  the  setting  sun  , 
Excepting  that  the  Indians,  some  hours  before  'twas  night, 
Drew  oAinto  the  bushes  and  ceased  awhile  to  fight.* 

13  But  soon  again  returned,  in  fierce  and  furious  mood, 
Shouting  as  in  the  morning,  l)ut  jet  not  half  so  loud  ; 
For  as  we  are  informed,  so  thick  and  fast  they  fell. 
Scarce  twenty  oft  heir  number,  at  night  did  get  home  well.t 

14  And  that  our  valiant  English,  till  midnight  there  did  stay. 
To  see  whether  the  rebels  would  have  another  fray  ; 

But  they  no  more  returning,  they  made  oil'  towards  their 

home,  [come.t 

And  brought  away  their  wounded  as  far  as  they  could 

15  Of  all  our  valiant  English,  there  were  but  thirtyfour, 
And  of  the  rebel  Indians,  there  were  about  four  score. 
And  sixteen  of  our  English  did  safely  home  return. 

The  rest  were  killed  and  wounded,  for  wiiich  we  all  must 
mourn. § 

as  a  breastwork,  and,  perhaps,  saved  them  from  an  immediate 
defeat.  This  is  the  more  probable,  as  but  few  were  killed 
afterward.     lb. 

•  They  ])robably  drew  off  to  take  care  of  the  wounded. 
Symmes  nor  Penhallow  makes  no  mention  that  they  return- 
ed again  to  the  fight,  after  they  drew  oif. 

t  Forty  were  said  to  be  killed  upon  the  spot,  and  eighteen 
more  died  of  their  wounds.     Penhallow. 

I  Solomon  Keyes,  after  receiving  three  wounds,  crawled 
along  the  shore  of  the  [lond,  where  he  chanced  to  find  an  old 
canoe,  into  which  he  rolled  iiimsclf,  and  the  wind  wafl'-U 
him  on  several  miles  toward  the  fort,  which  he  reached  m 
safety.  H  felt  his  end  ajU'roaching,  wiien  he  was  in  the 
boat,  into  which  he  had  ciawled,  only  to  die  in  peace,  and  to 
escape  the  scalping  Uiufe,  but  wonderfully  revived.  Symmes. 

§  Eight  were  lelt  in  the  wooijs,  whose  wounds  were  so  bad 
that  they  covild  not  travel,  of  who,  i  i  ■>  o  only  returned.  Oao 
ran  away  in  the  beginning  of  the  iigiit. 


I 


I 


<\Ui 


i', 


11 


834 


APt'E\[)I\. 


16  Our  worthy  Ca-i)tain  I.ovpwp'.I  aimm;!;  ll»f  iii  tiirr<'  iliil  ilie 
Tlicy  killfd  1.1.  Ilohiiis*  an>l  vvo'inilo.l  t!;co'l  vouiig  P;v<'', 
Who  wa>i  our  P.ii;;lish  i'lia|>lain  ;  Iip  many  lr.(lla!i>  slew. 
And  some  of  lli<'ni  lie  ^i-alpM  when  bullets  round  hiui  \U\v 

17  Younp;  FtillamJ  too  I'll  incvition,  Vr^ausp  hofo  ;>,ht  so  iv;!!, 
Emioavourinf;  to  save  a  man,  a  sacrilUi  he  fell  . 

But  yet  our  valiant  Er\^'li^h^leu  iu  t'^'il  were   ne'er  ill^- 

inay'd,  [wiade, 

But  still  they  kept  their  raoiion,  and  \"'''ynian".-§  Captain 

18  Who  sliot  the  old  chief  Paugn',||  which  did  lii.   roe  d<  icat, 
Then  set  his  nvn  in  oider,  ami  liroiiglit  oil  the  retr(;it ; 
And  bravins;  many  dangers  and  hanTships  in  llie  way, 
Th)  y  siifp  anivM  at  Dunstable,  the    thirteinlh    lay  of 

Mav/i' 

In  Vi\o,  h(;'ii.F!!i!i5  of  tiie  war,  one  hundred  pounds 
wore  uiK't'd  hy  the  gov*irnmeiit  for  every  Indian 
scalp.     Captain  Lo^-evvell  and  his  company  in  about 

*  He  belonged  to  Chelmesford.  Being  mortally  wounded, 
desired  to  have  two  guns  charged,  and  left  with  him,  which 
they  did.  He  said,  "  As  the  Indians  will  come  in  the  morn- 
ing to  scalp  me,  I  will  kill  one  more  of  them  if  1  can."     lb. 

i  He  fell  about  the  middle  of  the  afternoon.  He  wus  the 
only  son  of  Capt.  James  Frye  of  Andover,  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1723,  and  was  chaplain  of  the  company,     lb. 

J  Only  son  of  Major  Fuilani  of  Westor.,  was  sergeant  of 
the  company,  and  fell  in  the  beginning  of  the  fig'.t.     lb. 

§  Ensign  Seth  Wynian  of  Woburn.  He  was  presented 
with  a  silver  liilted  sword  for  his  good  conduct,  and  commis- 
sioned Captain.     He  died  soon  after. 

y  Many  of  LoveWell's  men  knew  Paugus  personally.  A 
huge  bears  skin  formed  a  part  of  his  dress.  From  Mr. 
Symmes' account,  it  appears  that  John  Chamberlain  killed 
him.  They  had  spoken  together  some  time  in  the  light, 
and  afterward  both  happened  to  go  to  the  pond  to  wash  out 
their  gHns,  whi(!h  were  rendered  useless  by  so  freijuent 
firing.  Here  the  challange  was  given  by  Paugiis,  "  It  is  you 
or  I."  As  soon  as  the  guns  were  prepared  they  fircil,  un<l 
Paugus  fell. 

T  Wyman  and  three  others  did  not  arrive  until  the  15th, 
but  the  main  body,  consisting  of  twelve,  arrived  the  IJJth. 


.       ..., 


m 


OEJITH  OF  PjU^GCS.       P.  3? 


APPF.NDIX. 


835 


three  ninntlis  made  twelve  liunrlred  pounds.  Tliis 
stimulated  tliein  to  attack  the  villa^re  of  Piffwocket, 
where,  if  successful,  they  considenMl  their  fortunes 
sure.  It  was  a  heavy  loss  to  the  country,  but  this 
nearly  finished  the  war.  The  Indians  formed  no 
considerable  body  in  tlu;se  parts  afterward.  A  long 
and  happy  peace  followed. 

The  above  sonjr  is  taken  from  the  valuable  Plistori- 
cal  Collections  of  Farmer  and  Moore. 


I  cannot  refuse  the  beautiful  lines  of  Mr.  Thomas 
C.  Upham,  "  a  N.  Hampshire  poet,"  a  place  in  this 
work.  They  were  occasioned  by  a  visit  to  the  place 
oi'Lovewell's  Fight.* 

Ah!  where  are  the  sol(]iers  that  foupht  here  of  yore? 
The  sod  is  upon  them,  they'll  struggle  no  more. 
The  hatchet  is  fallen,  the  red  man  is  low  ; 
But  near  him  reposes  the  arm  of  his  foe. 

The  bugle  is  silent,  the  warhoop  is  dead  ; 
There's  a  murmur  of  waters  ami  woods  in  their  stead 
And  the  raven  and  owl  chant  a  symphony  drear, 
From  the  dark  waving  pines  o'er  the  co)"'*^tant'g  bier. 

The  light  of  the  sun  has  just  sunk  in  thn  wave, 
And  along  time  ago  sat  the  sun  of  the  brave. 
The  waters  complain,  as  they  roll  o'er  the  stones, 
And  the  rank  grass  encircles  a  few  scatter'd  bones. 

The  names  of  the  fallen  the  traveller  leaves 

Cut  out  with  his  knife  in  the  bark  of  the  trees, 

But  little  aiail  his  affectionate  arts. 

For  the  names  of  the  fallen  are  graved  in  our  hearts. 

The  voice  of  the  hunter  is  loud  on  the  breeze. 
There's  a  dashing  of  waters,  a  rustling  of  trees  ; 
But  the  janji;ling  of  armour  hath  all  pass'd  away, 
No  gushing  of  lifeblood  is  here  seen  to  day. 

The  eye  that  was  sparkling,  no  longer  is  bright, 
The  arm  of  the  mighty,  death  conquered  its  might, 

•  Taken  from  Farmer  and  Moore's  Col.  1, 35. 


^f->-' 


330 


APPENDIX. 


1 


1 1 

!i 

i  ! 


Thp  bosoms  (liat  once  for  thrir  country  brat  higb| 
To  those  bosoms  il>.     d.I  of  the  valley  are  nigh. 

Sleep,  sol  ill  rs  of  mei  it,  ''lerp,  ^alIants  of  yore, 
'I'he  liatclipl  IS  fallen,  the  st nipple  is  o'er. 
^^'hile  I  lie  lir  tree  is  green  and  the  wind  rolls  a  wave, 
Tlie  tear  drop  shall  brighten  the  turf  of  the  brave. 

XII. ANECDOTES,     NAURATIVES,     &C.,    OF    THE     IN- 
DIANS. 

I .  Among  the  first  settlers  of  Brunswick,  Muinn, 
was  Daniel  Malcolm,  a  man  of  undaunted  courage, 
and  an  inveterate  enemy  of  the  Indians,  who  gave 
fiim  the  name  of  Sungurnumby,  that  is,  u  very  strong 
man.  Early  in  the  spring,  he  ventured  alone  into 
the  forest  for  the  pur[)Ose  of  splitting  rails  from  the 
spruce,  not  apprehensive  of  Indians  so  early  in  the 
season.  While  engaged  in  his  work,  and  having 
opene' ■  a  log  with  small  wedges  about  half  its  length 
he  was  surprised  by  Indians,  who  crejjt  up  and  se- 
cured his  musket,  standing  by  his  side.  "Sungur- 
numby," said  the  chief,  "now  me  got  you  ;  long  mo 
want  you  ;  you  long  speak  Indian,  long  time  worry 
him  ;  me  have  got  you  now ;  look  up  stream  to  Ca- 
nada."— "  Well,"  said  Malcolm,  with  true  sangfroid, 
"you  have  me;  but  just  help  me  open  this  log  be- 
fore I  go."  They  all  (five  in  number)  agreed.  Mal- 
colm prepared  a  large  wooden  wedge,  carefully 
drove  it,  took  out  his  small  wedges,  and  told  the  In- 
dians to  put  in  their  fingers  to  the  partially  clefted 
wood,  and  help  pull  it  open.  ''Iiey  did  ;  he  tiien  sud- 
denly struck  out  his  bUmt  wedge,  and  the  elustick 
wood  instantly  closed  fast  on  their  fingers,  and  he 
secured  them.* 

2.  Crigin  of  the  name  of  a  bridge  in  Salisbury 
A'.  //.,  knoivn  by  the  name  of  "  Indian  Bhioge." — ■ 
In  the  fall  of  the  year  175.?,  two  Indians,  named  Sa- 

*  Farmer  and      )ore,  111,  103. 


„-.!J 


APrKNDIX. 


3:{7 


l)iitis  nnd  Plausawa,  caiuo  into  (^nnfcrbury  with  I'liis. 
'rii(;y  here  met  two  men  iVoin  Nevvhm  y,  whom  ihi'y 
know,  hut  were  n<»t  pleased  at  seeing  them,  and  h(!- 
jliJU  to  make;  oil".  Suhatis  siM'mcd  disposed  to  do 
mischief,  hut  was  pi(!V(.'nt(;d  hy  Plausavva.  The  two 
Kn^^lishmen  ollered  to  huy  their  furs.  'J'liey  refused, 
and  said  they  would  not  sell  furs  to  the  EuL'lish,  but 
would  ^o  to  Canada;  but  afterward  they  olfered  to 
trade  for  rum.  They  had  rum,  but  would  not  sell 
it  to  them,  thinking  that  they  were  ill  disposed.  As 
they  were  about  to  leave  the  Indians,  one  of  them, 
IMausawa,  appeared  friendly,  and  advised  them  to 
avoid  meeting  with  Indians.  When  they  had  gone 
ii  little  distance  from  the  Indians,  Subatis  called 
them,  and  said,  "  No  more  you  English  come  here; 
me  heart  bad  ;  me  kill  you."  One  of  the  English 
r(.'plied,  "  No  kill — English  and  Indians  now  all 
brothers. "  As  they  left  th';  Indians,  they  met  one 
l'('t(;r  Howen  going  toward  them.  They  told  him  of 
the  temper  the  Indians  had  shuvved,  and  tried  to  dis- 
suade him.  He  replied,  that  he  was  not  afraid  of 
tlu m  ;  that  he  was  accjuainted  with  Indians  and  know 
how  to  deal  with  them.  The  Indians  had  got  into 
their  canoe,  and  were  going  uj)  the  river,  when  Bow- 
eii  called  to  them,  and  invited  them  to  go  to  his 
house,  and  stay  all  night ;  and  that  ho  would  give 
til  rn  Fome  rum.  They  went  with  him  to  his  house, 
which  was  in  Contoocook.  The  night  was  spent  in 
a  drunken  frolick,  in  which  Bowen  did  not  fail  to 
act  his  part;  being  much  accustomed  to  their  modes 
of  life.  In  the  midst  of  the  frolick,  Bowcn  took  the 
caution  to  unload  their  guns.  The  next  morning  ')!• 
took  his  horse  to  convey  their  packs  to  their  boats. 
As  they  were  going,  Sabatis  proposed  to  Bowen  to 
run  with  iiis  horse.  A  race  being  agreed  upon  and 
performed,  in  which  Sabatis  beat  Bowen  on  horse- 
back, at  which  he  was  nuich  pleased,  and  laughed 
heartily.     After  proceetling  along  a  little   further, 

P       22 


I 


338 


AI'IM'-NPIX. 


Sabatis  said  to  him,  •'  IJi)\v»;ii  vviilk  woods,"  incaniii'* 
tlial  Ilo\v»;ii  was  his  prisoner.  Bowciri  said,  .\o 
walk  woods,  all  oiu;  brothers."  Another  ra(U!  sonn 
foliowod,  ill  whirl)  Sahatis  fell  in  the  rear,  and  How- 
en  hearinir  a^un  snap,  looked  round  and  saw  u  ilash 
from  SaluitiH'  ^un,  whieh  was  pointed  at  him.  lie 
turned  back  and  laid  him  dead  with  u  blow  tA'  his 
tomahawk.  Phuisawa  was  Inrther  behind,  and  as 
IJowcn  came  toward  him,  he  leveled  his  <fiin  and  it 
.siia|)ped  also;  he  then  fell  on  his  knees  and  bcfrjrcJ 
for  his  life,  but  Howen  knew  he  should  be  in  dan<j;or 
so  loii<^  as  the  friend  of  Subatis  lived,  so  ho  despatch- 
ed him  in  like  manner,  lie  then  hid  the  bodi(!S  un- 
der a  bridj^e,  whicii  were  found  the  next  sprinjf  and 
buried.  From  tiiis  ulluir  is  the  name  of  Indian 
Bridge  derived.* 

3.  Origin  of  the  peopling  of  jYanluckd  h\)  the  In- 
dians. It  is  told  that  in  u  remote  period  of  anticpii- 
ty,  an  eagle  maile  a  descent  on  some  j)art  of  the 
coast  of  what  is  now  Newengland,  and  carried  olf  a 
young  Indian  in  his  talons.  The  weeping  parents 
made  bitter  lamentations,  and  with  t 'iger  eyes  saw 
their  child  borne  out  of  sight,  over  the  trackle-^s 
deep.  They  resolved  to  follow  in  the  same  direc- 
tion. Accoiding'.y  they  s(;t  out  in  their  ci;;ioes,  .irvl 
after  a  perilous  passage  deserieci  the  island.  Tliey 
landed  and  after  much  search  found  tiie  bones  of 
the  child. 

4.  Jin  anecdote  of  the  colon jf  of  SagmhJiock. 
"The  Norridg.;wock   Indians  have  this  tradition 

that  this  compiiny  engaged  a  number  of  Indian:*,  who 
had  come  to  trade  with  them,  to  draw  a  cannon,  by 
a  long  rope;  that  tlie  moment  they  were  rangtid  in 
a  strait  line,  the  white  people  discharged  the  piece, 
which  killed  and  wounded  a  number.  Tlieir  story  is, 
that  the  indignation  of  the  natives  for  this  barba- 

•  Ibid.  Ill,  27. 


AI'I'KNDIX. 


3. '.9 


roiH  trcnrf\rry,  (•(.in|»(llt'tl   llitj  rcifupaiiy  to  eriili;irk 
lo  save  their  own  livrn."* 

'i.  "./  letter  from  Kivo  Pnii.ii'  to  doreriiouT 
I'rince.  cnpied  from  the  oriu;iiuil,  irlnrh  bel'>nu;s  tn 
.1/r.  ft  /lite,  of  I'll/ mouth.  The  words  are  sjwlt  ua  in 
the  original  loiter.'" 

KiNii  l*iin,ii'  (l(!sir<'  tt>  let  yoii  iiiuhjr.stanil  tliat  li»i 
could  not  come  to  tluM-oiirt,  lor  Tom,  liis  interpreter 
lias  a  piiin  in  his  hark,  that  he  eould  not  truvil  ho 
far.  and  Chilip  sister  is  very  sick. 

I'liili[)  would  intreat  that  favor,  of  you,  and  nncy 
of  the  riiajestrates,  if  aiiey  Kn^lish  or  Kn^ians  speak 
about  aney  land,  Ik;  prcay  you  to  ^iv(;  them  no  an- 
swer nt  all.  This  last  sumer  ho  niad(^  that  proniis 
with  you,  that  he  would  not  sell  no  land  in  7  years 
tim(!,  for  that  lie  would  have;  no  Jln^lish  trouble  him 
before  that  time,  he  has  not  forgot  that  you  promis 
him. 

He  will   come  a  sune  as  popible  ho  can  to  speak 
witii  you,  and   so  I  r(.'st,  your  verey  loveing   friend, 
rhili[),  dwelling  at  mount  htjpe  nek 
To  the  much  honered 

Governer,  Mr.  'I'liomas  Prince, 
dwelling  at  Plymouth. f 

C.  Singularity  of  the  Indian  language.  Thus  the 
word  Nummatcheko(liantamoo(ji)gaiunmonash  signi- 
fies no  niore  in  I'nglish,  than  our  lusts;  and  ISfoo- 
womantammoooidianimonnash  no  more  \h;m  our  loves. 
A  yet  longer  word  (if  so  such  an  assemblage  of  let- 
ters may  be  cidled)  Kununogkodonattoottununooeti- 
teaongannimnonash  is  to  ex[)ress  only  our  (jtiestion.\. 

7.  .7  proof  of  Ring  I'hilip's  humanit}/.  T\\r.  anees- 
tcr  of  Col.  ]?.  Cole,  of  Warren,  Rhodeisland,  came 
to  this  country  and  settled  at  Tuisset.)     lie  in  time 

•  Morse  and  Parish's  Hist,  N.  Eng.  17. 

t  Mass.  Hist.  Sot.  fJol.  H,  40.  The  F.dilorVritos  at  the 
hoitoni  olllip  Icllcr,  "  Thpre  is  no  date  to  the  letter,  it  was 
probably  written  about  IGtiOor  Itj70." 

t  Sec  Maj^oalia,  I,  507. 

§  A  neck  of  land  on  the  east  side  ol'Keekarnuit  river. 


11 


340 


Al'x"ENDIX. 


becfinie  acqainfid  witli  Philip,  and  ahi'ays  lived  in 
Iiuhits  of  iViciidsliip  witli  hiin.  In  June  IGT;'),  !'l)ilip 
inrormcd  him  that  his  yonnir  inen  were  very  eager  to 
go  to  war  against  the  En<>,lish  ;  but  when  he  could 
no  longer  restrain  them  he  woidd  let  him  know.  Ac- 
cordingly on  an  evening  previous  to  the  fatal  24, 
canoes  arrived  from  iMountliope  with  advise  fiom 
Philip,  that  Mr.  Cole  and  family  must  go  over  to  R. 
I.,  as  his  people  would  begin  the  war.  They  em- 
barked, and  the  next  morning  their  dwellings  were 
burned.     Col.  B.  Cole,  is  of  the  fourth  generation.* 

S.  .'In  Indian  Sna7'e.  To  take  large  animals  they 
sometimes  built  two  extensive  fences,  perhaps  a  mile 
apart  at  one  extremity,  and  at  the  other  ne  irly  meet- 
ing, forming  an  angle,  generally,  something  less  than 
a  right  one.  At  this  ftoint  or  opening  they  contrived 
to  bend  down  a  tree  of  sullicient  strength  to  suspend 
the  largest  animals.  "  An  English  mare  having  once 
strayed  away,  was  caught,  and  like  Mahomet's  fabled 
coliin,  raised  between  tiic  heavens  and  earth,  in  one 
of  these  snares.  The  Indians  arriving,  and  seeinsf 
her  struggling  oi  the  tree,  ran  immediately,  and  in- 
formed the  Englibii  that  their  of/ttau?  hoi'se  was  hang- 
ing on  a  tree."f 

y.  Jnccdote  of  J\Iassassoit.  "  Mr.  Winslow, J  com- 
ing in  his  l)ark  i'rom  Connecticut  to  Narragenset, — 
and  he  left  her  there, — and  intending  to  return  by 
land,  he  weiit  to  Osamekin  the  sagamore,  [Massas- 
Moit]  his  old  ally,  who  ofl"ered  to  conduct  him  home 
to  Pliinouth.  ]5ut,  before  they  took  their  journey, 
Osamekin  sent  one  of  his  men  to  Plimoath  to  tell 
them  that  Mr.  Winslow  was  dead  :  and  directed  him 
to  show  how  and  where  he  was  killed.  Whereupon 
there  was  much  fear  and  sorrow  at  Plimouth.  The 
next  day,  when  Osamekin  brought   him  home,  they 

*  Oral  account  of  Col.  Cole. 

t  IMor-c  anil  Parish's  N.  Kng.  222. 

X  Mr.  Edwaici  Winslow. 


APPENDIX, 


341 


anked  him  why  he  sent  such  word,  itn.  He  answer- 
ed, thnt  it  WMs  their  m{inni;r  to  do  so,  ihnt  they  nii^ht 
be  more  welcome  when  tiioy  came  home."*  This 
was  in  1634. 

10.  Singular  descriptions.  Dr.  Mather  says  there 
fell  into  his  hands  the  manuscript  of  a  Jesuit,  em- 
ployed by  the  French  to  instruct  the  Ircxjuois  In- 
dians in  religion  ;  in  which  was  "  one  cliapter  about 
Heaven,  and  another  about  Iletl,  wherein  are  such 
thick  skulled  passages  as  tliese."  '• '  (■^.  Ifoiv  is  the 
soyl  made  in  Heaven^  A.  "J'is  a  wry  fair  sofjL  tlicy 
want  neither  for  meats  nor  ciotlies:  'tis  but  wishing 
and  we  have  them.  (^.  .Ire  they  einplotjed  in  Heav- 
en 7  A.  No  ;  tiiey  do  nothing  ;  the  liclds  yield  corn, 
beans,  pumpkins,  and  the  like  witliout  any  tillage." 
After  a  few  others  tiiat  amount  to  no  more  or  less,  it 
proceeds  thus  in  the  examination  of  Hell.  '* '  Q. 
What  sort  of  soijl  is  that  of  hell  /  A.  A  very 
wretched  soyl;  'tis  a  fiery  pit,  in  tiu^  centre  of  tlie 
earth.  <^.  Have  they  any  light  in  hell?  A.  No. 
'Tis  always  dark;  tliere  is  always  smoke  theie  •  their 
eyes  are  always  in  pain  with  it ;  they  can  see  nolli- 
ing  but  the  devils.  (^.  fl'hat  shaped  things  ate  the 
devils?  A.  Very  ill  shapiid  things;  they  go  abcmt 
with  vizards  on,  and  they  terrify  men.  i-^.  (I  hat 
do  they  cat  in  hell?  A.  They  are  always  hungry, 
but  the  damned  feed  on  hot  ashes  and  stMptMits  there. 
(^.  li'hat  water  have  they  to  drink?  A.  Horid  wa- 
ter, nothing  but  melted  lead.  (I.  Don't  they  die  in  hell? 
A.  No:  yet  they  eat  one  another,  every  day;  but 
anon,  God  restores  and  renews  the  mantiiat  was  eat- 
en, as  a  cropt  plant  in  a  little  time  repulhdates.' " 
"  It  seems  they  hav(^  not  thought  thi:!  divinity  too 
gross  for  tiie  barbarians.  But  I  shall  make  no  re- 
flections on  it."f 

•  Winthrop's  Hist  N.  Eng.  I,  138,  139. 
t  See  Magnalia,  I,  521,  5i2. 


l:. 


342 


APPENDIX. 


XIII. MASSACRE    OF     THE    COXESTOfiOE    INDIANS    IN 

PENNSYLVANIA. 


/ 


An  almost  uninterrupted  friendship  seems  to  hava 
existed  l)et\veen  I  lie  Indians  and  the  inhabitants  of 
Pennsylvania,  until  the  year  1754.  At  this  period 
the  French  had  stirred  up  the  Indians  in  the  back 
country,  and  an  Indian  war  commenced. 

About  ten  years  alter  that,  when  "  many,"  says 
Mr.  Proud,  "  wlio  had  been  continually  Hocking  into 
the  province,  in  later  years,  having  from  their  inex- 
perience and  ignorance,  too  dcispicable  an  opinion 
of  that  people,  and  treating  them  accordingly,  were 
by  this  conduct  foolishly  eiirag«d  against  liie  w  ho-Io 
species  intliscrimiiuitely  ;  i/i^onuich,  that  in  the  lat 
ter  part  ol'  the  year  17().),  calling  to  their  aid  the 
madness  of  the  wildest  enthusiasm,  with  which,  un- 
der pretence  of  reljgion,  certain  most  furious  zealots 
among  the  preachers  of  a  numerous  sect,  in  the  pro- 
vince, could  inspire  their  hearers,  to  cover  their  bar- 
barity, a  number  of,  not  improjierly  named,  armed 
dcmi-savages,  inhabitants  of  Lancaster  county,  prin- 
cipally from  the  townships  of  Paxt;mg  and  Doimegal, 
and  their  neighbourhood,  committed  the  most  horri- 
ble massucre,  that  ever  was  heard  of  in  this,  or  i)er- 
haps,  any  other  province,  with  inpunity  !  and  under 
the  notion  of  extirpating  the  heathen  from  the  earth, 
as  .Joshua  did  of  old,  that  these  saints  might  possess 
the  land  alom;,"  cVc.     Thus  begins  the  narrative. 

"  'These  Indians  were  the  remains  of  a  tribe;  of  the 
Six  Nations,  s(>ttled  at  Conestogoc,  and  thence  call- 
ed Conestogoe  Indians.  On  the  first  arrival  of  the 
English  in  I'ennsylvania,  messengers  from  this  tribe 
came  to  welcome  them,  with  preseits  of  venisjn, 
corn  and  skins  :  and  the  w  hole  tribe  enleicd  into  a 
treaty  of  friendship  w  'tn  the  fir-t  i^o|)rietary,  VVill- 
inm  Penn  ;  wMcJt  was  to  last  as  long  as  the  sun 
Should  slihie,  or  the  icaters  run  in  the  rivers 


AI'PEx\DIX. 


343 


Tills  ticiily  Iins  ocen  since  lre(]v;cntly  renewed,  and 
llie  cfiain  brightened,  as  they  express  it,  from  time  to 
time.  It  has  never  been  violated  on  tiieir  part,  or 
ours,  till  now.  As  tlieir  lands,  by  degrees,  were 
mostly  purchased,  and  i,iic  settlement  of  the  while 
people  began  to  surround  them,  the  Proprietor  as- 
signed them  lands  on  the  manor  of  Conestogoe, 
which  they  might  not  part  witii ;  there  they  have 
lived  many  years.  In  friendsliip  with  their  white 
neiglibours,  who  loved  them  for  their  peaceable,  In- 
oHenslve  behav'our. 

It  lias  a!way:5  been  observed,  that  Indians,  settled 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  white  people,  do  not  increase, 
but  diminish  continually.  This  tribe  accordingly 
went  on  <liminisliiiig,  till  there  remained  in  their 
town,  on  the  manor,  but  twenty  persons,  namely, 
seven  men,  five  women,  and  eight  children,  boys  and 
girls. 

Of  these,  Shehaes  was  a  very  old  man,  having  as- 
sisted at  the  second  treaty,  held  with  them  by  Mr. 
Peiin,  In  ITOl  ;  and  ever  since  continued  a  faithful 
friend  to  the  Knglish  ;  he  is  said  to  have  been  an  ex- 
ceeding good  man,  considering  his  education,  being 
naturally  of  a  most  kind,  benevolent  temper. 

Til  s  little  society  continued  the  custom  they  had 
begun,  when  more  numerous,  of  addressing  every 
new  Governour,  and  every  descendiint  o*'  the  first 
Proprietary,  welcoming  him  to  th<(  province,  assur- 
ing him  of  their  fidelity,  and  praying  a  co-itinuaiu  e 
ol  that  favour  and  protection,  which  they  had  hither- 
to experienced.  They  had  accordingly  sent  up  an 
address  of  this  hind  to  our  present  'lovernou:  (John 
Penn,  l-lsciuire)  on  his  arrival;  but  the  same  was 
scarce  delivered  when  the  unfortunate  catastrophe 
ha|>pened  wliic-h  we  are  about  to  relate. 

On  Wednesdiiy,  the  Mth  of  December,  17r.3,  fif- 
tyseven  Jiien  IVom  some  of  our  frontier  townships, 
who  h;i(l  projected  the  destruction  of  this  little  com- 
monwealt'j   came  all  well  mounted,  and  armed  with 


I 


344 


APPENDIX. 


firelocks,  hangers  and  hatchets,  having  travelled 
through  the  country  in  the  niglit  to  Conestogoe  ma- 
nor. Tiieie  tluy  surrounded  ilie  small  vilhiiie  of  In- 
dian  huts,  and  just  at  break  of  day,  broke  in  upon 
them  all  at  once.  Only  three  men,  two  women,  and 
a  young  boy  were  found  at  home  ;  the  rest  bein<T 
out  among  tlie  neighbouring  white  people  ;  some  to 
sell  their  baskets,  brooms  and  bowls,  they  manufac- 
tured, and  otiiers,  on  otiier  occasions.  Th<  so  poor 
d'  fenceless  creatures  were  immediately  hred  upon, 
stabbed  and  hatcheted  to  death  !  The  good  Shc;- 
liaes,  among  the  rest,  cut  to  pieces  in  his  b(;d !  All 
of  them  were  scalped,  and  otiierwise  horribly  inang- 
led.  Then  tlieir  iiuts  were  set  on  fire,  and  most  of 
them  burned  down. 

The  Magistrates  of  Lancaster  sent  out  to  collect 
the  remaining  Indiiuis,  brought  them  into  the  town, 
for  their  better  security  against  any  further  attem])t ; 
aiul,  it  is  said,  condoled  witli  them  on  the  misfurttuie. 
that  had  hap|)ened,  took  them  by  the  hand,  and 
promised  them  protection. 

They  were  put  into  the  workhouse,  a  strong  build- 
ing, as  the  place  of  greatest  safety. 

These  cruel  men  again  assembled  them.selves ; 
and  hearing  tliat  the  remaining  fourteen  IndiaiH 
were  in  the  workhouse  at  Lancaster,  they  suddenly 
appeared  before  that  town,  on  tlie  twentysevonlh  of 
December.  P'ifty  of  them  armed  as  before  ;  dis- 
moimting,  went  directly  to  the  workhouse,  and  by 
violence  broke  open  the  door,  and  entered  with  the 
utmost  fiiry  in  their  countcntuices.  When  the  poor 
wretches  siiw  they  hud  no  protection  nigh,  nor  could 
possibly  'scape,  and  being  without  the  least  wea- 
pon of  defen(;e,  they  divided  their  little  families,  the 
children  clinging  to  their  parents  ;  they  fell  on  their 
faces,  protested  their  itniocence,  declared  tlieir 
love  to  the  Lnglish,  and  that,  in  their  whole  lives, 
they  had  nev.r  done  them  injury;  and  in  tiiis  pos- 
ture, they  all   received  the  hatchet!     Men,  warneii 


APPENDIX. 


345 


and  children,  wore  every  one  inhumanly  murdered 
in  cold  blood  ! 

The  barbarous  men,  who  committed  the  attrocious 
("act,  in  defiance  of  government,  of  all  laws,  luuvan 
and  divine,  and,  to  the  eternal  disgrace  of  their  coun- 
try and  colour,  then  mounted  their  horses,  huzzaed 
in  friumj;h,  as  if  they  had  gained  a  victory,  and  rode 
clV  unmolested  ! 

The  bodies  of  the  murdered  were  then  brought 
out,  and  exposed  in  the  street,  till  a  hole  could  be 
made  in  the  earth,  to  receive  and  cover  them.  Rut 
the  wickedness  cannot  be  covered,  and  the  guilt  will 
lie  on  the  whole  land,  till  justice  is  done  on  tiu;  mur- 
derers. The  blood  of  the  innocent  will  cry  to  heaven 
for  vengeance. 

Notwithstanding  the  proclamations  and  endea- 
vours of  the  Governour  on  the  ocrasion,  the  murder- 
ers having  given  out  such  threatenings  against  those 
that  disapproved  their  proceedings,  that  the  whole 
country  seems  to  be  in  terror,  and  no  one  durst 
speak  what  he  knows ;  even  tiie  letters  from  th(-nce 
are  unsigned,  in  which  any  dislike  is  expressed  ot 
the  rioters.'" 

Mr.  Proud*  adds  to  the  above  narrative,  that,  "So 
far  had  the  infection  spread,  which  caused  this  ac- 
tion, and  so  much  had  fear  seized  the  minds  of  the 
people,  or  perhaps  both,  that  neither  the  printer  nor 
the  writer  of  this  publication,  though  supposed  to  be 
as  nearly  connected  as  Franklin  aiwf  Hall  were  at 
that  time,  and  men  of  the  first  character  in  their  way, 
did  not  insert,  either  their  names,  or  places  of  abode, 
in  it !  It  was  printed  while  the  insurgents  were  pre- 
paring to  advance  towards  Philadelphia  ;  or  on  their 
way  thither;  it  appeared  to  have  some  <')fect,  in  pre- 

•  See  his  Wist.  Pennsylvania,  I,  336  (.^28.  ff  would  re- 
mind tlip  i-radcr,  lliat  no  comparison  shoulf!  liavo  hefi)  made, 
in  note  2,  to  page  147,  hctuccn  the  trealuient  of  tlie  Indians 
ill  Newengland,  an. I  Pennsylvania  ;  for  Mr.  Makin  wrote 
before  any  material  difticulties  had  occurred  in  that  pro 
vince.l 


346 


APPENDIX. 


venting  the  threatened  eonsoqnences,  by  cxcitiiifian 
exertion  of  endeuvonrs,  in  the  citizens,  for  that  pur- 
pose;  and  being  a  rehition  of  real  facts,  tliou^h  writ 
in  a  hurry,  it  was  never  answered  or  contradicted." 

XV. TROUBLES  WITH  TirK   INDIANS  IN  THE  LATE   WAU 

WITH   ENGLAND. 

Befoue  the  declaration  of  war  took  placo  between 
America  and  Great  Hritain,  the  Indians  alonir  the 
frontiers,  very  much  alarmed  the  inhabitants  by  their 
hostile  appearance. 

The  fan)ous  Indian  warriour,  Tecumseh,  iiud  i)een 
known  for  his  enmity  to  civilization,  and  utter  aver- 
sion to  tlie  white  people,  from  the  tiini;  of  llminer's 
dcieat ;  and,  like  tiie  celebraK.'d  Philip,  hail  extcinl- 
ed  his  endeavours,  far  and  wide,  amon^  the  various 
Irihes  of  his  countrym^'n,  to  unite  them  in  making 
war  tin  the  Americans,  Ilis  cKxjuence  was  irrt'  sta- 
ble, and  his  success  was  great.  It  is  suliicit  iil  to 
observe,  that  tlie  Knglish  had  early  engaged  lutu  in 
their  cause.  Much  was  also  in)|)osed  on  the  ciedu- 
lity  of  those  people  by  a  brother  of  Tecumseh,  who 
professed  the  spirit  of  pro|)hecy,  and  the  art  ol'  v.on- 
juration  :  in  the  exercisi;  of  which,  much  was  cHict- 
ed.     lie  was  known  l)y  the  name  of  "  The  Prophet." 

In  iHll,  Govcrnour  Harrison  of  Indiana,  met  a 
large  number  of  chiefs  at  \  incermcs,  to  coaler  aijout 
the  state  of  affairs.  Tecumseh  appeared  liiere,  to 
remonstrate  against  the  sale  of  ctMtain  lands,  made 
by  the  Kic'iapoos  and  others.  In  a  speech  ol"  great 
eloiiuen  'e,  he  urged  the  wrongs  of  his  countrymen, 
by  the  ei'croachments  of  the  whites,  of  which  he 
gave  a  faithful  history.  Iii  the  Governour's  answer, 
he  advanced  pornj.'thu)^'  which  Tecumseh  thou<j;lit,  or 
perhaps  knew  to  be  wrong.  At  which  he  raisetl  his 
tomahawk,  and  tw«nty  or  thirty  others  followed  his 
example.  But  Harrison  had  taken  the  precaution  to 
have  a  sufficient  force  at  hand,  w  hicli  prevent(.'d  any 
acts  f»f  violence.  This  broke  up  the  conference,  and 
war  was  soon  expected  to  follow. 


._J 


lif 


IP 


348 


APPENDIX. 


rendered  entirely  abortive.  A  certain  Major  rode 
uj)  to  the  General,  an<l  witli  great  authority  of  ex- 
pression, commanded  him  to  return.  Seeing  the 
state  ol'  his  men,  the  General  told  tlujm,  that  if  500 
would  accompany  him,  he  would  proceed  in  (juest 
of  the  enemy  ;  but  not  n  man  would  turn  out.  lie 
then  requested  them  to  lot  him  have  the  direction 
for  a  single  day  ;  to  which  they  assented,  lie  then 
put  himself  at  their  luiad,  and  ordered  them  to 
march;  but  they  filed  olf  in  a  contrary  direction, 
and  marched  olV  to  fort  Harrison;  and  the  General 
followed  in  the  rear.  At  their  encampment  in  a 
great  prairie  beyond  the  Wabash,  the  grass  was  dis- 
covered to  be  on  lire,  and  driven  by  a  fierce  wind 
directly  toward  their  camp.  This  v.'as  an  Indian 
trap.  But  the  Americans  set  fire  to  the  grass  about 
them,  and  were  thereby  (U.'livered  from  a  fortnidaide 
onset  hy  the  flames.  The  same  ollicer,  iifterward 
performed  a  successful  expedition  against  the  In- 
dians. 

Affair  of  the  river  Raisin.  Out  of  sympathy  for 
the  inhabitants  of  Frenchtown,  who  were  threatened 
with  an  Indian  massacre,  an  imprudent  step  was 
taken  by  the  Americans.  Gen.  VV  iiichester  had  ta- 
ken j)ost  at  the  rapids,  when  he  received  a  pressing 
re(piest  from  those  inhabitants,  for  iiis  protection. 
Accordingly,  he  despatched  Col.  Lewis  with  30') 
men  for  their  relief.  On  his  arrival,  he  found  the 
Indians  already  in  possession  of  the  place,  but  he  at- 
tacked them  in  their  works,  and  drove  tli'in  from  the 
place,  and  encamped  on  the  san^.e  ground.  Two 
days  after,  20  December,  Gen.  Winchester  arrivcid 
with  the  main  army.  Their  force  now  consisted  of 
750  men.  These  operations  went  on  without  the 
knowledge  of  Gen.  Harrison,  the  commander  in  chief, 
whose  knov\  ledge  of  the  situation  of  the  country, 
» i»nvinc<.'  him  of  their  extreme  danger.  French- 
town  is  situated  only  -0  miles  from  Maiden,  a  strong 
British  post,  of  a  superiour  force  to  the  Americans, 


vmh 


APPENDIX. 


34<J 


and  the  intervcitoi'.'  ^vaters  were  <  overed  with  solid 
ICO.  It  was  a!  .  70  niilos  from  any  Anicricau 
place,  .roni  wlioncc  thoy  could  expect  supplies. 
Their  situation  did  not  escape  the  notice  of  tlie  Brit- 
ish. Col.  Proctor,  with  GOO  English  and  above 
1000  Indians  under  the  two  Indian  chiefs,  Splitlog 
and  Roundhead,  appeared  before  their  camp  at  day 
break,  on  the  22  January,  18 1 3,  ur  l  iinniediately 
began  the  attack.  The;  Americans'  works  not  being 
larg(!  enough  to  contain  their  small  force,  !')()  were 
posted  witiiout.  The  number  >f  the  enemy  enabled 
Ivn  to  dispose  of  his  force,  as  to  cut  off' all  m(;ans  of 
r-  veat.  The  attack  was  fust  mat  ;  on  those  without 
the  fort,  who  were  soon  forced  to  give  way.  They 
fled  across  the  river,  and  were  pursued  by  the  ene- 
my, and  cut  to  pieces.  One  hundred  men,  in  two 
companies,  left  the  works,  and  went  over  to  their  as- 
sistance, and  shared  the  same  horrid  fate.  General 
Winchester  and  Col,  Lewis,  in  some  manoeuvre,  were 
taken  prisoners.  The  little  army  now  in  possession 
of  tile  pickets,  maintained  the  uncfjual  fight  until  11 
of  the  clock,  when  Gen.  Winchester  capitulated  for 
them.  Il  was  particularly  stipulated  that  the  wound- 
ed should  be  protected  from  the  savages.  The 
army  still  consisted  of  upwards  of  noo  men,  and  not 
until  a  Hag  had  passed  three  timt  s  \;ould  they  con- 
sent to  surrender.  But  knowing  Jheir  situation 
to  be  desperate,  they  consented  under  assurance 
from  the  British  officer,  that  their  lives  and  proper- 
ties should  be  protected.  Wo  shall  now  see,  with 
what  fuith  the  semi  barbarian,  Proctor,  acted.  No 
sooner  had  this  brave  band  submitted,  than  thoy  saw 
what  was  to  follow.  The  tomah  ;wk  and  scalping 
knife  were  indiscriminately  employed  among  the 
dead  and  wounded  :  olliccr's  side  urms  were  wrest- 
ed from  them,  and  many  stript  and  rol/bed.  About 
00  wounded  Americans  strewed  the  battle  ground, 
who,  by  the  kindness  of  the  inhabitants  were  remov- 
ed into  houses.     But  horrid  to  teli,  ihe  next  day  a 


ff 


330 


Al'I'KNblX. 


body  of  tliost:  savugt-s  were  iii.'riiiitlcd  Id  r(  liirii,  iiihI 
lifter  scalping  and  iniinlcniig  to  tiifir  contt'iit,  sti 
lire  to  tlu>  totvii.  and  all  ucn-  Ixiru-d  Ix'iicatli  tiir 
coidlagratioii,  I'.vcr'pt  a  lew  that  coidil  tiuvul,  uliu 
ucn.'  nuircliod  into  tin;  wilderness. 

Defence  of  fort  .Meigs.  (Iiiieral  Hairi-^on  had 
estahlished  his  head  (juarters  at  l''ranl\iintown,  presi- 
oiis  to  the  l)iittle  (d'  the  rivtr  Raisin,  lor  the  •.'re.ilei 
facility  of  transmitting  orders,  iS:r.,  to  tlie  ditlereni 
posts.     After  thill  ati'air  took  place,  he  concentrated 


his  ft 


orces,  consistniy:  ot    IJOi)   men, 


at  th 


Itaoiil 


iind  there  threw  ii[)  a    fort,  which,  in    honour  (d"  the 
(lovcriudir  (d  Ohio,  was  (tailed  fort  Meigs.    The  ene 
III 
soon  a 


y  made  their  appearance   al)ont  the'  JS  Aj)ril,  and 


Iter,  hegai!  to  construct  batteries  on  the  o 
positc  side  of  the  river.  Hut  in  this  hnsincss  they 
proceeded  slowly,  from  the  annoyance  of  fort  Meiijfs, 
and  were  obliged  to  perform  their  labours  in  the 
ley  at   length  sncc(!eded   in   erecting  two 


iii::tit. 


Tl 


batteries  of  heavy  cannon,  and  a  mortar.     Thest;  bi 
gun  furir.ii>l\   to  play  upon  the  American  works,  but 


were  f;.>vc 


times  silenc(!i 


1.    r 


roctor  sent  an  inso- 


lent sii.'JMiOii.i  to  Harrison,  to  surrender  ;  he  returned 
an  ai:;>v  .  (-  ficcording  as  it  merited.  'J'lu!  siege  was 
coiitiiiuci).  Mid  the  Indians  from  the  toj)s(d"the  trees 
fired  into  the  fort  and  killed  several  men.  (ieneral 
Harrison  now  received  information,  that  two  n.'gi- 
nients  from  Ohio,  whicdi  were  expected,  were  near 
ut  hand.  He  despat(dieil  orders  to  tlu'ir  (Iciicral 
for  a  party  to  attack  tiie  enemy's  works  at  one  |)oint, 
while  a  party  from  the  fort,  Miould  act  siinullaiKJoiis- 
ly  on  another  par'.  Kig  .1  hundred  men  under  Col. 
Dudley  of  the  Ohio  men,  uiid  another  l.".>dv  under 
Col.  Miller,  were  iinmedialely  in  motion.  Col.  Dud- 
ley led  his  men  up  in  the  f  ice  of  the  enemy's  cannon, 


iiid  every 


batt 


cry  was  carried,  almost  in  an  m  taut. 


and  the  iJritish  and  Indians  lied  with  great  precipi- 
tation. 'J'liese  fugitiv  s  were  met  by  a  large  body  of 
Indians   under  Gen.  Tecums(!h.     'J'liis  famous   war- 


II 


ArrKNDix. 


rioiir,  f'Xf)rrtiiig  the  Aiui'iicuiis  to  pursui;,  foriiifil  iin 
iiliil)iisli,  and  \Viiil('<l  llini  :i|)|>r(>iicli.  Cnl.  Diiillcv's 
tiKMi  were  so  clati'd  at  their  sih-ccss,  that  iIk.'V  coiiI'I 
H(ill»!ri'straiii('(l  iVom  |)iiisiiiiiu  the  ru^Mtivi'S,altiniii;Lfh 
their  Cohinel   u-e(l    his   utiiii»-il    t'liiliuvours.     Tiny 


aec(»r(liiiif|y  pr 


cssed  on,  aiitl  iiiii' 


th 


selves    surrounded   hy    the    sn 
liorrid  shuiirhter  t'ol lowed  ;  l)i 


ly  foutul  them- 

Il(.Tt!  aiiotht^r 

It   (Voni   that 


It  llai 


sin, 


lor  'I 


eeinnseh    int' 


lives  oi 


or,  t 


lid  I 


le 


yen  laid  a 


th(>s(!  that  snrreiidi  red,  and  iK' 
turn  his  baek  on  tliosc;  harharitie        > 
eiiief  dead  iit  his  feet,  lor  |)ersistin;j;  in  tl  >•  massuere. 
)oiit  ti'jO  niea  were    killed   and  iiussin<r  in  this   a 


Al 


il- 


liiir.  The  lamented  Dudley  was  amf)n;^  iIk;  formiir. 
Tin;  party  under  Col.  Miller,  perlorined  their  part 
admira!)ly,  and  alter  spiking  the;  eaiinon,  returned  to 
camp  with  upwards  of  lO  prisoners.  These  opera- 
tions made  the  (Mieiny  r<  liiKinish  his  desi<;n,  and  ho 
immediately  drew  oil".  The  distinguished  nai\ies  of 
(Toifhaii,  Todd,  .loliiison,  Sed;^wi(dt,  Ritzeii,  Stod- 
daril,  and  l>uller  will  live  in  the  annals  of  their  eoiiii- 
try.  'J'lie  last  mentioned  was  a  son  of  (reii.  Hutler, 
who  fell  in  St.  Clair's  defeat. 

lUillk  of  the  .Moravian  towns,  and  death  of  Te- 
cumseh.  After  the  jrreat  naval  victory  on  the  lake, 
achieved  hy  the  Aineri(  an  fleet,  under  the  gallant 
Perry,  Proctor  abamloned   .Maiden,  and  took  a  posi- 


tion  on   the  river  ThaiiK 


Hi 


precipitate  move- 


ments were  displeasinif  to  Teeumseh,  who  thou^ilit 
the  situation  of  his  hrethrcni  eutir(dy  disregarded,  by 
their  l)eing  left  open  to  the  Americans.  In  aspretdi 
to  Prot;tor,  he  reprobates  his  coiiduet  in  very  jioiiitetl 
terms.  He  says.  '-'I'lie  war  btdbre  tliis,[meaninif  the  re- 
volution j  our  British  father  gave  tlu;  hatchet  to  his  red 
children,  when  ourold  chiefs  were  alivt\  They  are  now 
(leiul.  In  that  war  our  fathc'r  [the  king]  was  tluo'.vn  on 
his  back  by  the  .Amtjricans,  and  he  afterward  took 
tlicm  by  the  luiiul  without  our  knowledge,  and  we  are 
afraid  he  will  do  so  again  at  this  time.  Listen,  you 
told  us  to  briii^^  our  iUmilies  to  this  place,  and    \V4» 


1 1 


i! 


I' 


-.._-j 


«>. 


^^.^> 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


^  m 


IL25  i  1.4 


|5o  ""^     MH 
■^  1^    12.2 

1.6 


Hiotographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


33  WIST  MAIN  STtEET 

WEBSTfR.N.Y.  145*0 

(716)  S72-4S03 


m 


!\ 


iV 


\\ 


4 


4^ 


6^^ 


^ 


352 


APPENDIX. 


did  so.  You  promised  to  .take  care  of  tliem,  and 
tliat  they  sliould  want  for  nothing.  Our  ships  have 
gone  one  way,  and  we  are  very  nmch  astonished  to 
see  our  father  [Proctor]  tying  up  every  thing,  and 
preparing  to  run  away  the  other.  You  always  told 
us  you  never  could  draw  your  foot  off  British  ground ; 
but  now,  father,  we  see  you  are  drawing  back  with- 
out seeing  the  enemy.  We  must  compare  our  fa- 
ther's conduct  to  a  fat  animal,  that  carries  his  tail  on 
his  back,  but  when  affrighted,  drops  it  between  its 
legs  and  runs  off."  This  though  a  few  detached  para- 
graphs, will  serve  to  give  some  acquaintance  with 
the  great  chief.  Proctor,  after  considerable  manceu- 
vring,  was  unable  to  escape  with  all  his  baggage, 
being  hard  pressed  by  Harrison  in  every  move  up 
the  Thames.  At  length  the  two  armies  met  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Moravian  towns,  5  Octol)er  1813,  and 
a  fierce  battle  was  fought.  Tecumseh's  Indians 
were  in  possession  of  a  thick  wood,  who,  with  the 
British  regulars,  had  formed  their  line  of  battle,  on 
advantageous  ground.  Gen.  Harrison,  with  his  aids. 
Com.  Perry,  Capt.  Butler,  and  Gjn.  Cass,  led  the 
front  line,  while  Col.  Johnson,  with  the  mounted  men, 
was  ordered  to  charge  at  full  speed,  and  break  their 
line.  They  were  immediately  in  motion,  and  though 
the  horses  recoiled  on  receiving  the  fire  of  the  Brit- 
ish and  Indians,  yet,  it  was  momentary,  and  their  im- 
petuosity bore  down  all  before  them.  The  enemy's 
line  was  broken  in  an  instant  and  Johnson's  mount- 
ed men  were -formed  on  their  rear,  and  poured  in  a 
tremendous  fire  upon  them.  The  British  officers 
finding  it  in  vain  to  rally  again  at  this  point,  surren- 
dered. A  body  of  savages  under  Tecumseh,  still 
disputed  the  ground,  and  Col.  Johnson  fell,  in  tlio 
thickest  of  the  fight,  almost  covered  with  wounds. 
Tecumseh  in  person  flew  towards  him,  with  his  toma- 
hawk raised,  to  give  him  the  fatal  blow.  Johnson, 
though  faint  from  loss  of  blood,  had  strength  to  draw 
his   pistol,  and   laid   Tecumseh   dead   at  his   fcet> 


t  ! 


APPENDIX. 


353 


When  the  mighty  chief  fell,  the  Indians  all  left  the 
giound.  At  another  point,  a  division  atteinpied  to 
make  an  impression  upon  the  American  infantry,  but 
the  venerable  Gov.  Shelby  (one  of  the  heroes  of 
King's  mountain)  supported  them  with  another  regi- 
ment, and  the  enemy  were  immediately  routed. 
The  hottest  of  the  fight  was  where  Tecumseh  and 
Johnson  fell.  Thirty  Indians  and  six  Americans  lay 
within  a  few  yards  of  the  spot.  Proctor  fled  with 
great  precipitation,  but  his  carriage  was  taken  with 
all  his  papers,  and  even  his  sword.  Eight  pieces  of 
artillery  were  taken,  six  of  which  were  brass.  Three 
of  these  were  trophies  of  the  revolution,  which  were 
surrendered  by  Hull.  The  Americans  had  not  above 
50  killed  and  wounded.  Of  the  British  600  were  ta- 
ken prisoners,  and  70  killed  and  wounded,  and  up- 
wards of  a  hundred  Indians  were  left  on  the  field. 
Thus  ended  the  Indian  wars  in  the  west.  Their 
combination  was  now  entirely  broken  up,  and  the 
frontier  settlements,  which  for  a  long  time  had  en- 
dured all  the  horrours  of  Indian  barbarities,  were,  in 
some  degree,  liberated. 


23 


FINIS. 


[S65] 


INDEX. 


In  the  following  Indnx,  Rome  explanations  may  be  wanting;,  ai  it  dlflbn 
from  works  ufthis  kind  in  general.  All  Ind'nn  names  ofplaces  are  i;ivon ; 
but  places  having  only  an  English  name,  are  not  given,  unless  tliey  have 
been  noted  for  some  depredation,  or  having  their  situations  t'escribed. 
And  as  every  circumstance  in  a  history  may  be  found  by  an  Index  of  pro* 
per  names,  it  was  thought  needless  to  name  them,  as  it  only  increases  pro- 
lixity. 

Assawomtuc  27,  97. 
Asuhmequin   133,  134, 135, 142. 
Aubert  carries  otf  natives  287. 
Augur  Lieut.,  killed  314. 
Awashonks  21  to  27,  57,  76  to  83 
85  to  92,  111. 

B. 


Acushnet  98. 

Adams'  Hist.  Neweng.  30, 32, 49, 68. 

Adams  President  John  151. 

Adams  Samuel  xii. 

Addington  Isaac  157,  217,  251. 

Agamenticus  24. 

Agawom  89,  119,  144,  298. 

Agincourt  battle  265. 

Akkonipoin,  Philip's  uncie,killed  110< 

Albemarl  Duke  of  207.  [238, 

Alden  Ciw.  John  196,  197,  201,228, 

Aldeii  Juliii  297. 

Alden  Villiam  226. 

Alderman  17,  kills  Philip  126. 

Alexander  dies  18,  134,  148. 

Allen's  Hiog.  Diet.  xii.  xiv,  24,  28, 
31,  38,  133, 145,  150,  '2,  '6,  207 

Allen  Samuel  181. 

Allen  Thomas  181. 

Allerton  John  297. 

Allerton  Mr.  Isaac  297. 

Almy  Cap.  John  18,  40. 

Andover  220. 

Andros  Cl,..  Elisha  194,  201,  204. 

Androscoggin  184,  186. 

Andrus  Sir  Edmund  120,  150.  151, 
152,  134,  lu4,  173,  250. 

Annawon  xiv,  106,  124,  127,  129, 
131,  132,  i;3,  134,  136,  137,  ta- 
ken 138,  put  lu  death  146. 

Annnawon's  rock  136. 

Aponagansot  50,  51,  98,  100. 

Appleton  Maj.  Samuel  55,  57. 

Aquetneck  19. 

Arrowsike  163,  169,  327 

Arruhawikwabemt  324. 


Baker  Thomas  190. 
Raker  Lieut.,  killed  275. 
Barlow's  Columbiad  iv,  46, 12S. 

Barns 102. 

Barrow  Sam  115,  119 

Baxter 49 

Bean  Cap.,  killed  347. 

Beard ,  killed  313. 

Beers  Cap.,  killed  54. 

Belcher  Cap.  Andrew  62,  253. 

Belcher  Mr.,  wounded  33. 

Bellomont  Gov.  250. 

Belknap's   Amer.  Biog.  xv,  24,  32, 

134,  287,  '8,  '9,  293,  '4,  299,  300. 
Belknap's  Hist.  N.  H.  xiii,  21,  lo2, 

161,  164,  186,  187,  203,259,  284, 

289,  315,  331. 
Bcnnet  Sergeant  57. 
Beiiylhon  Cap.  311. 
Berry  Lieut.,  killed  347. 
Billington  John  297. 
Blin  Cap.  327. 
Bliss  Mr.  A.  13& 

Boad 226. 

IBomazeen  329,  k\\\t&  330. 
Bourne  Cap.  328. 
iBnwen  Peter  337,  S3S. 
jBozman's  Hist.  177. 
Bracket  Cu|>.  166,  191,  224, 236, '7 
Bradtbrd  Muj.  30,  55,  84,  H5,  96. 


356                                  INDEX. 

Bradford  Mr.  Wm,   290,  294,  296, 

Caiman  Dr.  Befijamin  iv. 

297,  3W),  301,  302. 

Conestoj;oe  massacre  342  to  346. 

Bradslreul  U  >v.  152,  157. 

Conscience,  taken  149. 

Hriiior.  St<!|)lieii  197. 

Coiitoocook  317,  337.              f '7  '8 

Hrnwster  .Mr.  William  297. 

Converse  Cap.  James  189,  192,  194, 

Brid^'cwaler  25. 

Cook  Cap.  John  252,  '7,  274,  281. 

Uridgwuy  Jarnmn  228,  229,  230. 

Cook  Klisha  160 

B'llterige  Kichurd  296,  297. 

Cook  Francis  297. 

Uruck'buiik  Cap.,  killed  70. 

Cook  John  101. 

Urouktield  53. 

Cousins  Isaac,  killed  314. 

Brown  C;u|..  John  252,  281. 

Crackston  John  296,  297. 

Brown  Mr.  James  27,  29,  31. 

r'raiiKcld  Gov.   186. 

Brown  Peter  297. 

Cranston  Gov.  John  38,  39,  62. 

Bnlklcy  Gersliom  62. 

Groghan  Gen.  351. 

BuIi'h  ^'arrison  57. 

Cross ,  killed  814. 

BnMi|i  John  144. 

Cudworth  Maj.  80,  35,  36,  37. 

Butler  Cap.  351,  352. 

Ciirwin  Jonathan  221. 

c. 

Cushnet  98. 

Calefs  Hist,  witchcraft  196,  220. 

D. 

CaiiMiiohet  73,  taken  107,  killed  108. 

D'Aillebout318. 

Ciinoiiicus,  killed  104. 

Daiitorth  Gov.  ISP,  160,  166 

Canton  Cor|ioral,  taken  234. 

Dartmouth  50,  61. 

Ca;  ver    Gov.    John  133,    296,   297, 

D'Aubri  Nicholas  187. 

298,  dies  301,:^02. 

Davenport  Cap.,  killed  68. 

Carver's  Travels  21. 

Davies  Col.,  killed  347. 

Custine  Baron  Ue  St.  152, 164,  165, 

Davis  Cap.  Silvanus  160,  163. 

176,  219,  226,  233,  261. 

D'Caliers  320. 

Cauglincwa^a,  318. 

Deborahue:  225. 

Caw  ley  Kobert  226,  228. 

Deerfield  54,  243,  321. 

Chanilierlain  John  334. 

Dem.,l,  187. 

Clmiii|ila]ii  Cap.  220. 

Dcnniswi  Cap.  66,  64,  73,  107 

Chelmslbrd  64. 

Dermer  Cap.  Thomas  301. 

Chesly ;M2. 

D'Fronlenac  Count  224.  230. 

Chignccto  228,  282. 

Dillano 101  to  105. 

Chilton  James  297. 

D'Mantel  318. 

Chubb  Ca|).  219,  killed  220. 

D'Monis  220. 

Chubb  Scr^'cant,  killed  316. 

Doney  .84,  185,  190. 

Church  Benjamin  xii. 

Doiey  Edward  296,  297. 

Ciiurch  Ueac.  Koiij.   xii. 

Douglass'  Hist.  42,  51,   52,  74,98, 

Church  CnarliS  xii. 

H2.  145,  245,  256,  259,  271,  277, 

Church  Caleb  xi,  197.        [274,  281. 

284,  286. 

Church  Cap.  Constant  xi,  251,  257, 

Drake  Sir  Francis  287 

Church  Edward  xii,  252,  281. 

Dubois  2S2,  284. 

Church  Joseph  xi. 

Dudley  Col  ,  killed  351.    [256,  285 

Church  Thomas  xi. 

Dudley  (Jov.  Joseph  250,  261,  253, 

Clark  Cap.  Win.  268. 

Dudley  Tliomas  152,  249. 

Clark  Gov.  Iu3. 

Dustaii  Mrs.  Hannah  313  to  SIT. 

Clark  Lieut    169. 

Dwight  Dr.*146,  308. 

Clark  Richard  2!)7. 

Dyer  Cap.  John  252,  281. 

Clark's  (jarritiun  72,  96. 

D'Young  261. 

Clark's  island  299. 

E. 

Earl  Ralph  51,  52. 

Clinton  Hon.  \>e  Witt  68. 
Cochcco  161,  314 

Cuddingioii  Gov.  Win.  38. 
Co.p  Cul.  B.  339,  3-5 ). 

Eaton  Francis  297. 
Edce  Sergeant  269. 

Colo  Cap.  James  252,  264,  281. 

Ed'nuiids  Cap.  52,  176. 

INDFA. 


^57 


E,'h,  Ctip.  SI-  •'•2  Hall  Cap.  Nathaniel  15fi.  IM,    170 

Fliof.  K-'V.  .I(>hii,21.  llamiiKiiKl  William,  killed  a3.    [171 

Eliut  Cap.  Joliii  32f),  327.  {lliiiicaina^tus  184), 

Eliut'g  Hiog.  Uiciiuiiury  28,  62, 143,'Haiiiio  xv. 


t50,  162,  .7.'),  181,  207,216. 
Eliol  Roberl20(). 

Eiidccott  Cap.  o05,  306.  [21 

English,  probiiblu  numbers  of  in  1675, 
English  Tlioiiias  297. 

F. 

ParmRr  and  More's   Collections  xii, 
103,  257,  2»i),  331,335,  336.  338. 
Fallrivor  xv,  48. 
Fernald  William  206. 
Fivenatioiis  68. 
Fletcher  Moses  296, 297. 
Fogland  furry  42. 
Forbes  William  101, 209,  216. 
Foreiathem'  day  aOO. 
Forefathers'  rock  3(0. 
Fronteiiac  G.iv.  224,  230. 
Frost  Cap.  813. 
Frost  Major  2U3,  206 
Fryc  Cap.  James  334. 
Fryer  Cap.  Nailianiel  203,  206. 
Frye  Rev.  Mr.  3^0,  wounded  334. 
Fuller  Cap.  3H  to  39. 
Fullam  Sergeant,  killed  334. 
Fuller  Edward  297. 
Fulljr  Mr.  Samuel  297. 

G. 

Gage  Gen.  280. 

Gallop  Cap.  killed  58. 

Gallop  Cap.  John  3U4,  303. 

Gardiner  Cap.  killed  58. 

Gardiner  Richard  296. 

George  21,  79.  [221 

Gidney  Col.  llartliotomew  196,  2i0, 

Gilea  Lieut.  271. 

GiU  Mr.  32, 33. 

Golf  General  34,  55. 

Goldiiig  Cap  45,  46, 120,  to  123. 

Gold  island  43. 

Goodman  John  297. 


Harinan  Cap.  .S26,  32S,  329,  i)30 

llarradun  Cap.  J  hn  2.i6,  281. 

Harrison  Gen.  346,  347,  350. 

Harris'  Hist.  Dorchester  178. 

Hatch  Cap   206. 

Hatheld  55. 

Havens  Jack  86,  90. 

Hawkins  186,  187,  188,  194 

Hawlhoriie  John  161,  196,  221,  23S, 
239,  241,  242. 

Hazelton  Charles  22. 

Henchman,  Cap  47,  5S,  53. 

Hill  Cap.  2S4. 

Hilton  Maj.  Winthrop,  killed  257, 
263,  2-.0,  273,  274,  279.  2?1,  284. 

Hiiikley  Guv.  'I'honias  20,  153,  135, 
160,  180,  182. 

Holmes'  Amor.  Annals  xii,  21,  34, 
49,  34,  55,  69,  70,  96,  108,  135, 
150, 152,  153,  177,  207,2,0,  276, 
287,  289,  290,  294,  298. 

Honeywel  Lieut.  203,  236. 

Hook  Francis  206. 

Hopkins  Gen.  347. 

Hopkins  Mr.  Stuphcn  94,  297. 

HowLind  Isaac  89,  90,  91,  114. 

Howland  Jabez  88,  89,  114, 118,  127 
131,  143. 

Howland  John  89,  114,  297. 

Hoyt's  Kesearches  '>5,  68,  354. 
Hubbard's  Narrative  xiv,20,  21,  22, 
27,  28,  Hi),  ;12,  34,  33,  36,  37,  39, 
43,   47,  49,   52,  64,  55,   56,   57, 
63,    69,     73,  91,    106,  10.9,  110, 
112,    114,    117,    118,   124,     126, 
131,  lo9,  142,  144,  146,  148,  149, 
166,  196,  201,  209,  228,  303,  S09, 
311,314,330. 
Hubbard  Rev.  Wm.  xiv. 
Huckings  Mrs.  187,  )88. 
Hudibras  24. 


Gorli_ainCap._  John  221,  247,  252,|Hunt  Cap.  283,  289,301. 
.        .,..,  Hunter  Cap.  49. 

Hutchinson  Maj.  201. 

Hutchinson  Cap.  36, 53. 
Goiirdan  Mons.  260,  263,  taken  265,  Hutchinson's  History  lii.  xiii,  xiv,  20, 


255,  262,  270,  273,  279,  281. 
Gorton  Rev.  Samuel  2t',  104. 
Gosiiold  liarlholomew  287. 


267,  268,  270,  283. 
Green  island  237. 
Grenville  Sir  Richard  287. 
Griinstono  291. 

H. 

Hadley  108. 
Halifax  furt  214. 


28,  29,  oO,  31,  32,  34,  36,  37,  4!), 
50,  63,  68,  74,  96,  103,  1£0,  133 
134,  133,  .45,  146,  134,  16.{,  177 
178,  220,  221,  228,  2b0,  238,  211, 
2.56,  2(i5,  277  278,  2»),  285,  29U 
296,  323. 
Hyrcania  xv,  354. 


i 

t 

i 


358 


INDEX. 


I. 

Ibe-villc  219,  220. 
Ingqriiul  Lieut.  314. 
Indian  b.  lUge  336,  337. 
lii(li.iiis,  number  of  in  16V5,  20. 
Irmh  Mrs.  xv. 
Iroquois  224. 

J  • 
Jaquos  Lieut.  329. 
Jarvii  Cr|i.  271. 
Jofleries  150. 
Johnson  Cap    killed  68. 
Jones  Cap.  295. 

K. 

Keekamuit  34. 

Kennebbck  171. 

Koyes  Solomon,  wounded  833. 

Kickapoos  346. 

Kimball  Thomas,  killed  315. 

King  Cap.  206.  [xiii 

King,  no  such  dignity  amung  Indians 

Kirk  Sir  David  150.' 

L. 
Lafauro  161,  25i),  264. 

Lake 41. 

Lake  Cap.,  killed  163. 

Lamb  Cap.  Joshua  252,  281. 

Lancaster  64,  259. 

Larking  Cap.  236. 

Lmoril  Mr.  236. 

Lullirop  Cap.  Joseph  200. 

Latlirop  Cap.,  killed  54. 

Lathi  op  John  181. 

Lee  Abraham,  killed  1163. 

Lee  Mrs.  163,  164. 

Lee  Kev.  Samuel  xii,  199. 

Leiatcr  Edward  2!)7.  [152 

Lcvcrctt   Gov.    John    52,   dies   1)5, 

Li!;li'.li)ot  Cap.  100, 104,  'E,  HI,  167 

Littleuyes  25,  taken  99,  1U4. 

Littlelield  (Jap.  John  ^01),  2U3. 

Lovowcll  Cap.  John  SoO  to  336. 

M. 

Magnus  Queen  103,  108. 
Makin  Thomas  xvi,   148,  346. 
Miiiilrtttaiis  o0;i. 
Munsell  Sir  Uobert  220. 
IMalugash  327. 
Mu(|uas  224. 
Maipioil  IS.'),  206. 
March  Cap.  206,  286. 
.M;ir|jcson  Edmund  29G,  297. 
Marlborongti  64,  65 
Marshall  Cap.,  killed  58. 
Martiu  Mr.  Chrisiuplief  297. 


Martyn  Richard  206. 

Mason  Cap.  John  SU6,  307,  308. 

M.isun  Samuel  160.  [301,  340. 

Massassoit  xili,  18,94, 110,  133, 134, 

Mather's  Magnalia  xii,  xiv,  20,  22, 
26,  47,  50,65,  116,  145,  169,  170, 
171,  176,177,  179,  184,  187,  189, 
191,  192,  202,  206,  207,  210,  213, 
220,  240,  241,  315,  317,  339,  341. 

Mailapoisct  .12,  105. 

Mattaloag  i04. 

Maxficid  Mr. 179. 

Mayflower,  a  ship  294. 

Mayr  point  191. 

MedfieUI  64. 

Mei.is  231,  taken  274. 

Meiiival  Uov.  278. 

Murrymucting  bay  325. 

Metacomut  xiii. 

Middleboruugh  51,  65,  98. 

Miles  Rev.  John  31,  32. 

M mot's  Hist.  214. 

Mogg,  killed  3o0. 

Mohawks  54,  68,  142,  224. 

Mohegans  1 7. 

Mouhcgan  222. 

Monogcncst  233. 

Muoanani  l:i4. 

Monopoide  107. 

Montiiiicus  16l,2.'i.'). 

Montreal  224,  32U. 

Morse  and  Parish's  Hist.  Newenc* 
land  124,339,340. 

Morse's  Annals  31,  124,  126,  138. 

Morton's  Memorial  xiii,  23,  27,  28, 
30,  a9,  i;i3,  134,  154,  249,  251, 
289,  295,  296,  298,  299,  301. 

Morton  Thomas  2.'i,  24. 

Mosely  Cap.  Samuel  56,  57. 

Mossipee  184,  283. 

Moulion  Cap.  3::6,  328,  329,330. 

Mouiithupe  22. 

Mulliiis  Mr.  William  297. 

Munpoiiset  94,  96. 

Myrick  Cap.  Isaac  252,  264,  281. 

N. 

Namslicket  299.  [108. 

Naiiuniteiiuo,  taken  107,  put  to  death 
Nuiragaiisets  xiii,  17,  18,  number  of 

in  .075,  iO,  36,  54. 
Naskciig  2u6,  2o2. 
Nalhaiiiul  129,  i30,  131. 
>aiisei  2!)9. 

NeH  .Miss  Mary  315,  316, 317 
Neiiiuskut  9(i. 
j\eto|)s  67.  91. 
>iewe<i^Uiui  gift  284. 


p                                                                                                        ~ 1 

INDEX.                                359 

Newichw«nnock  813.                          Poppaiiqui^h  127,  129. 

Nicholson  Col.  185,  278,  317. 

Potock  63. 

Nihar.tick  307. 

Prentice  Cap.  Thomu  32,  66,  00. 

Ninigret  104,  108. 

Prince  Gov.  18,  339. 

Nipmucks  53,  66,  69. 

Prince's  Chronology  vii,  xiii,  S4,94, 

Ni|inni  91. 

1.35,  289,  294,  296. 

Noinquid  85. 

Pring  Martin  288. 

,    Norridgwock  237,  329. 

Proiid's  Hist,  xvi,  148,  342,  345. 

NorlhlielH  54. 

Providence  64. 

Norton  Cap.,  killed  303,  304. 

Puniham,  killed  66,  63.  104. 

Nunnaquah<]uat  39. 

Puiikatees  battle  37  to  46. 

Nunnuit  Peter  27,  67. 

Purchase  Mr. 300. 

o. 

Q. 

Oldham  Mr.  John,  killed  303,  304,'6. 

Quabaog  53,  119. 

Oineng20,  126. 

(^uudequinah  110. 

Osamckin  340. 

Qiiiiuciit  39. 

Oils  Jamea  xii. 

Quebeck  177,  234. 

Owens  Col.,  killed  347. 

Qunnapin  103,  104,  111. 

P. 

R. 

Paine  Lieut.  John  228. 

Ralegh  Sir  Walter  287,  293. 

P.issaminar|uoddy  236. 

Ralle  Sebastian  325,  329,  killed  330 

Patuxet  5?. 

Rumsdel  Joseph  194. 

Paugus,  killed  334. 

Rehoboth  36,  64. 

Pawcatuck  river  307. 

Ridgdale  John  296,  297. 

PcasfiRld  battle  37  to  46. 

Robertson's  Hist.  Amer.  xv.  901 

Pojepscot  179,  184, 190,  206. 

Robins  Lieut.,  killed  334. 

Pemniaquid  209,  210,  219. 

Robinson  Mr. ,  killed  81& 

Penn  Gov.  John  343. 

Robin.son  John  .326,  327. 

Penn  (Jov.  William  342. 

Robinson  Rev.  John  290. 

Penh.*llnw's  Hist,  vii,  184, 185,  203,  Rogers  Cap.  Geo.  266,  257,  281 

256,  257,  258,  259.  260,  261,  275,  Roeers  Thog.  297, 

277,  284,  324,  325,  330,  332,  333. 

Rouville  321,  322. 

Pennacook  161,  186. 

Rowlaiidson  Mrs.  103. 

Peperel  Mr.  254. 

Russcl's  garrison  51. 

I'equots  17,  vrar  with  302. 

s. 

Sabatis  337,  killed  338. 
Sabin  87. 
Sachu  ?eset  85. 

Pcrpodack  192. 

Peter  57,77,84,  88,  124. 

Philip  King  xiii,  origin  of  his  name 
18,  killed  123. 

Philips  Gov.  326. 

Sagadahnck  171,201. 

Phillips'  garrison  311. 

Phips   Sir  Wm.  152,  154,  163,  175, 

Sa"ii)set  ;;oi. 

Sandford  Maj.  10?,  J20, 12L 

177,  207,  203,  212,  214,  216,  234, 

SassacuM,  killed  V  ;S 

278,  339. 

Sassainon  19,  21,  m^. 

Pierce  Cap.  64,  killed  72. 

Savajje  Kiisign  34. 

Pi»woukct  161,  331. 

Savage  Maj.  35,  36. 

PiUe  .Miij.  Robert  182,  183, 184,  203. 

Scat'aconk  68,  .320. 

Pilkiii  Um.  160. 

Sche>iiiclu(la  318. 

PU'ialnd  Lieut.  203. 

Scliiiylor  Maj.  319,  321. 

Pliiisto.'  Roser  196,  killed  313. 

SciHialo  (iT). 

Pliiinor  Col.  Daniel  ?.J7. 

Scmiiiciit  104. 

Pliiiner  Gov.  Wm.  203. 

Sci.llaw  IV  (Jap.  172,  173, 175. 

Plviitiiiitli  17,  65. 

Sliaiielcr,;,  killed  2;i5. 

Pi'ciis,set  19,  27. 

SharlitM-  Moiis.  2(i0, '7, '9,  282. 

• 

IN.kanuk.it  xiii.  18,  22,  29. 

Sliirp  Ik  lit.,  killod70. 

Poi-haiu  Sir  John  171.                         ISIiawo.i.,  i  M. 

1 

•.<60 


INUKX 


Shnrbiirn  Cup.  '2Mt. 

Smly  Clip.,  kilM  68. 

Sicne,  a  nhip  271. 

S.irnertn  228,  e.S2. 

Sipincaii  SA,  \m,  143. 

Sixiintinns  ()8,  32U, 

Skakii  29<) 

SMinllpnx  17N,  195. 

Sniitti  Cup.  .lohii  222.  288,  !M)1. 

Srnilh  Cni..  TU«.  2S6, '7,281. 

Smith  Mni.  66,  (i2.  (221,  31». 

SniithN  Hint.  Newyork  xiii,  68,  180, 

Sinirhiinn  Cap.  228. 

Show's  lliat.  Hoiiton  146, 178. 

Snifknnate  ix,   19. 

Soekonesset  74. 

So.ile   Genrge  297.  [281,327 

Soiithnck   Cap.    Cvprian   2:iS.    2.'?5 

S-iihworlh  Nnth.  89,  170,  192, 193 

SpeoHwell,  n  ship  294. 

S(ju  ikonu  fi4, 

Si|iiuniln  !H)9. 

S(|imiinncnnk  124,  132.  136. 

S()M!llltO  SOI. 

StnnclUh  Cip.  134,  297. 

Sinne  Cap    803,  304. 

Stmichtnii  Gov.   VVm.  216. 

SiilM-rcasfl  Gov.  276. 

Siiilbiirv  65,  69,  70. 

Sullivan's  Hist.  Maine  160, 163, 164, 
•6, '9,  171,  '6.  '9,  180, '7,  '9,  190, 
•1,  '2,  214,  222,  'S,  '6,  236,'7,311. 

T. 

Tnconnet214,  328. 
TnlcolMai.  10H,  117, '8. 
Tflcumsch  346,  .S.W,  '1,  killed  352. 
Til  ley  KHward  296,  297. 
Tilley  Jntin  296.  297. 
Tinker  Thomas  297. 


V. 

Vftiiyhan  Maj.  203,  206. 
Vaii.lreiiil  Gov.  259,  286,  821,823. 
Villn:tii  Cap.  2a9. 
Vill<!bon  192,  231,  '4,  '5,  241. 
Virginia,  anuieni  liiniti  of  233,  294 

w. 

Wnchiiset  69,  80. 

WaiUworlh  Cap.,  killed  70. 

VValilroii  Maj.    HI,  killed  162. 

Walliiitnn  Cap.  24. 

Walley  John  IfiO,  177,  207,  216. 

Walinn  Cap.  184,  '6,  203, '6,  '24. 

Waiiipsil  64. 

Wanipaiioags  xiii,  48. 

Wainpom,  value  of  141,  '2. 

WninNiilta  134.     ■ 

Warren  Mr.  Richard  297. 

Warwirk  56.63,  64. 

VVeeian.oro  27,  32, 47,'8,  60,  '7, 103 

Wcpoisct  87. 

We.|Uiish  307. 

Wfssiigiiasel  24. 

Weynioiiih   64. 

Wheelwrifrht  Kgq.  John  2C0,  '8. 

White  Mr  Wm.  297. 

Wilcox  Daniel  17. 

Willard  Cap.  Simon  156,  168. 

Willard  Maj.  54. 

Williams  Cap.  122. 

Williams'  Hist.  Vermont  321,  '8. 

Williamson  Cap.  Caleb  252,  281. 

Willijinson's  Hist.  N.  Car.  68. 

Williams  Rov.  John  284,  321,  '3. 

Williams  Kev.  llopcr  28,  68. 

W  illiams  Thomas  297. 

Wincol  John  206,  314. 


Winepang  326 

_,.  V    .  ,    nt-t      rj     .L  ttc  Winnipissaiikee  325. 

Tippecanoe  ball  n. 547.     [death  146.|vvi„si,„  Gilbett  297, 

Tis,,a.,..m96    115,   142,   '4,  put  to  .^^.,_,^,^^^   „^^_    j^^.^ 


Tockamona  111 
Totnson  UP,  '16, '18, '19. 
Tro.it  Maj.  Robert  54,  64. 
Triimbnll's  Hist.  U.   S.  xiii,  20,  29, 
50,68,  141,819,  .320,3.30. 


Josiah   26,  30,  62, 


55.56.64,93,  147. 
Winslow  Josiah  328. 
Winsli.w   Mr.    K.I  ward  26,  94,  133, 

lai,  147,  297,  :;02,  ;540. 

rr  11,    11-  .    /->        on   o^  oo   RA  Wiiithrop  Gov.  John  52. 

Triimniills  llist.  Con.  29,  37,  38,  .w.i,,,.    .,      ',     ,,.  ,      .-  „,    „, 

'«    «o    «i    11    ina   'a    io«   wn   "  .ntlir.,|.  s   Ili.^t      Newenj;.  24,  91, 

96,  104,  145,  203.  .SO:!,  341. 


'6,  62,  63,  73,  103,  '8,  126,  200. 
Tuisset  339.  [303,  7. 

Tiiriier  Cap.  68,  '9,  305. 
Tnrner  John  297. 
Tyasks  106,  124. 

J. 
Umpame  23. 
Unci\s,  killed  306. 
Underbill  Cap.  305,  307. 


Wisememet,  killoil  3S0. 
Witchcraft  136,  196,  216,  238,  241, 
Woosamei|uin  133,  134. 
Wonii.iboH  186,  187,  '9  "94 
Wyman  Seth  332,  '4. 

Y. 

York  Joseph  223,  226. 


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